Te tūranga o te cellulose ether i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu

I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, he iti noa te nui o te cellulose ether e tāpirihia ana, engari ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata mākū, ā, koia tētahi tāpiri matua e pā ana ki te mahi hanga o te moata. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i ngā cellulose ether o ngā momo rerekē, ngā matotoru rerekē, ngā rahi matūriki rerekē, ngā nekehanga matotoru rerekē me ngā nui tāpiri ka pā pai ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata paura maroke. I tēnei wā, he maha ngā moata pereki me te parai he ngoikore te mahi pupuri wai, ā, ka wehea te paru wai i muri i ētahi meneti o te tūnga.

He mea nui te pupuri wai i te mahi a te methylte etera cellulose, ā, he mahi anō hoki tēnei e arohia ana e te tini o ngā kaihanga moata ranunga maroke o te whare, inā koa ko ērā kei ngā rohe tonga he nui te pāmahana. Ko ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pānga pupuri wai o te moata ranunga maroke ko te nui o te MC i tāpirihia, te matotoru o te MC, te pai o ngā matūriki me te pāmahana o te taiao whakamahinga.

Ko te cellulose ether he pūmua hangai i hangaia mai i te cellulose tūturu mā te whakarerekētanga matū. Ko te cellulose ether he mea ahu mai i te cellulose tūturu. He rerekē te hanga o te cellulose ether i ngā pūmua hangai. Ko tōna rauemi taketake ko te cellulose, he matū pūmua tūturu. Nā te āhua motuhake o te hanganga cellulose tūturu, kāore e taea e te cellulose tonu te tauhohe ki ngā kaihoko etherification. Heoi, i muri i te maimoatanga o te kaihoko pupuhi, ka whakangaromia ngā here hauwai kaha i waenga i ngā mekameka ngota me ngā mekameka, ā, ko te tukunga kaha o te rōpū hydroxyl ka huri hei cellulose alkali tauhohe. Whiwhi cellulose ether.

Ko ngā āhuatanga o ngā cellulose ethers e whakawhirinaki ana ki te momo, te maha me te tohatoha o ngā whakakapinga. Ko te whakarōpūtanga o ngā cellulose ethers e hangai ana hoki ki te momo o ngā whakakapinga, te nui o te etherification, te wairewa me ngā āhuatanga tono e pā ana. E ai ki te momo o ngā whakakapinga i runga i te mekameka ngota, ka taea te wehewehe ki te monoether me te ether whakauru. Ko te MC e whakamahia ana e mātou ko te monoether, ā, ko te HPMC he ether whakauru. Ko te methyl cellulose ether MC te hua i muri i te whakakapinga o te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te waeine glucose o te cellulose taiao ki te methoxy. Ko tētahi wāhanga o te rōpū hydroxyl i runga i te waeine ka whakakapia e te rōpū methoxy, ā, ko tētahi atu wāhanga ka whakakapia e te rōpū hydroxypropyl. Ko te ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, koinei ngā momo matua e whakamahia whānuitia ana, e hokona ana hoki i te mākete.

I runga i te wairewatanga, ka taea te wehewehe ki te ionic me te kore-ionic. Ko ngā ether cellulose kore-ionic wairewa-wai e rua ngā raupapa matua o ngā alkyl ether me ngā hydroxyalkyl ether. Ko te CMC ionic e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā hopi hangai, te tā me te tae kakahu, te tūhuratanga kai me te hinu. Ko te MC kore-ionic, HPMC, HEMC, me ētahi atu e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi hanga, ngā paninga rapa, te rongoā, ngā matū o ia rā, me ētahi atu. Whakamahia hei whakamātotoru, hei pupuri wai, hei whakaū, hei whakamarara me hei kaihanga kiriata.

Te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether: I roto i te hanga rauemi hanga, inā koa te moata paura maroke, he mahi nui te cellulose ether, inā koa i roto i te hanga moata motuhake (moata whakarerekētia), he wāhanga tino nui, he mea nui hoki. Ko te mahi nui o te cellulose ether wairewa-wai i roto i te moata, e toru ngā āhuatanga matua, ko tētahi he kaha pupuri wai pai, ko tētahi he pānga ki te ōritetanga me te thixotropy o te moata, ā, ko te tuatoru ko te taunekeneke ki te sima. Ko te pānga pupuri wai o te cellulose ether e whakawhirinaki ana ki te mimiti wai o te paparanga turanga, te hanganga o te moata, te matotoru o te paparanga moata, te hiahia wai o te moata, me te wā whakatakoto o te rauemi whakatakoto. Ko te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether tonu i ahu mai i te wairewatanga me te maroke o te cellulose ether tonu. E mōhio ana tātou katoa, ahakoa he maha ngā rōpū OH tino wai i roto i te mekameka ngota cellulose, kāore e wairewa i roto i te wai, nā te mea he teitei te taumata o te tioata o te hanganga cellulose. Kāore e ranea te kaha wai o ngā rōpū hydroxyl anake ki te hipoki i ngā here hauwai kaha me ngā kaha van der Waals i waenga i ngā ngota. Nō reira, ka pupuhi noa iho engari kāore e memeha ki te wai. Ina whakaurua he matū whakakapi ki roto i te mekameka ngota, ehara i te mea ko te matū whakakapi anake ka whakangaro i te mekameka hauwai, engari ka memeha hoki te here hauwai i waenga i ngā mekameka nā te herenga o te matū whakakapi i waenga i ngā mekameka tata. Ko te nui ake o te matū whakakapi, ko te tawhiti i waenga i ngā ngota. Ko te tawhiti nui ake. Ko te nui ake o te pānga o te whakangaro i ngā here hauwai, ka memeha te cellulose ether i roto i te wai i muri i te whānui o te whatunga cellulose me te urunga o te otinga, ka hanga he otinga matotoru teitei. Ina piki te pāmahana, ka ngoikore te whakamakuku o te polymer, ā, ka peia te wai i waenga i ngā mekameka. Ina nui te pānga whakamakuku, ka tīmata te kohikohi o ngā ngota, ka hanga he hanganga whatunga toru-ahu, ka whakapikohia.

Ko ētahi o ngā āhuatanga e pā ana ki te pupuri wai o te moata ko te matotoru o te cellulose ether, te nui i tāpirihia, te matotoru o ngā matūriki me te pāmahana whakamahinga.

Ko te nui ake o te matotoru o te cellulose ether, ko te pai ake o te mahi pupuri wai. Ko te matotoru he tawhā nui o te mahi MC. I tēnei wā, he rerekē ngā tikanga me ngā taputapu e whakamahia ana e ngā kaihanga MC rerekē hei ine i te matotoru o te MC. Ko ngā tikanga matua ko Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde me Brookfield. Mō te hua kotahi, he tino rerekē ngā hua matotoru i inehia e ngā tikanga rerekē, ā, he ruarua ngā rerekētanga o ētahi. Nō reira, ina whakatauritehia te matotoru, me whakahaere i waenga i ngā tikanga whakamātautau kotahi, tae atu ki te pāmahana, te rotor, me ētahi atu.

I te nuinga o te wā, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te pai ake o te pānga pupuri wai. Heoi, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru me te teitei ake o te taumaha ngota o te MC, ko te whakahekenga rite o tōna wairewa ka pā kino ki te kaha me te mahi hanga o te moata. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te kitea ake o te pānga matotoru ki te moata, engari kāore i te ōrite tika. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ko te matotoru ake o te moata mākū, arā, i te wā hanga, ka kitea he piri ki te waru me te piri nui ki te papa. Engari kāore e whai hua te whakanui ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū tonu. I te wā hanga, kāore e kitea te mahi ārai-totoka. I tetahi atu taha, ko ētahi matotoru reo me te iti engari he methyl cellulose ethers kua whakarerekētia he mahi tino pai ki te whakapai ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū.

Ko te nui ake o te cellulose ether e tāpirihia ana ki te moata, ka pai ake te mahi pupuri wai, ā, ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ka pai ake te mahi pupuri wai.

Mō te rahi o te matūriki, ko te angiangi o te matūriki, ko te pai ake o te pupuri wai. I muri i te pa o ngā matūriki nui o te cellulose ether ki te wai, ka rewa tonu te mata ka hanga he kirikiri hei takai i te rauemi hei aukati i ngā ngota wai kia kore e uru tonu. I ētahi wā, kāore e taea te horapa ōrite, te rewa ahakoa te roa o te whakaoho, ka hanga he wairewa pūngāwerewere, he whakakotahitanga rānei. He nui te pānga ki te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether, ā, ko te wairewatanga tētahi o ngā āhuatanga mō te whiriwhiri i te cellulose ether. Ko te angiangi he tohu mahi nui hoki o te methyl cellulose ether. Ko te MC e whakamahia ana mō te moata paura maroke me paura, he iti te ihirangi wai, ā, ko te angiangi me iti iho i te 20%~60% o te rahi o te matūriki i te 63um. Ka pā te angiangi ki te wairewatanga o te methyl cellulose ether. Ko te MC matotoru he kirikiri te nuinga o te wā, ā, he ngāwari ki te rewa ki te wai me te kore e whakakotahi, engari he tino puhoi te tere o te rewatanga, nō reira kāore e pai mō te whakamahi i roto i te moata paura maroke. I roto i te moata paura maroke, ka marara te MC i waenga i ngā rauemi sima pēnei i te kirikiri, te whakakī pai me te sima, ā, ko te paura pai anake ka taea te karo i te kohikohinga o te methyl cellulose ether ina konatunatua ki te wai. Ina tāpirihia te MC ki te wai hei whakarewa i ngā kohikohinga, he tino uaua ki te marara me te whakarewa. Ehara i te mea he maumau noa te pai o te MC, engari he whakaiti hoki i te kaha ā-rohe o te moata. Ina pania tētahi moata paura maroke pēnei ki tētahi wāhi nui, ka tino heke te tere o te whakamaroke o te moata paura maroke ā-rohe, ā, ka puta he pakaru nā ngā wā whakamaroke rerekē. Mō te moata rehu me te hanganga mīhini, he nui ake te hiahia mō te pai nā te poto o te wā whakaranu.

He pānga anō hoki te pai o te MC ki tōna pupuri wai. I te nuinga o te wā, mō ngā etera methyl cellulose he rite te matotoru engari he rerekē te pai, i raro i te nui o te tāpiri, ka pai ake te hua pupuri wai mēnā ka pai ake te pai o te pai.

Ko te pupuri wai o te MC e pā ana hoki ki te pāmahana e whakamahia ana, ā, ka heke te pupuri wai o te methyl cellulose ether i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Heoi, i roto i ngā tono rauemi tūturu, he maha ngā wā ka whakamahia te moata paura maroke ki ngā papa wera i ngā pāmahana teitei (neke atu i te 40 nekehanga) i roto i ngā taiao maha, pērā i te paninga putty pakitara o waho i raro i te rā i te raumati, e tere ake ai te whakamaroke o te sima me te whakapakeketanga o te moata paura maroke. Ko te hekenga o te tere pupuri wai ka puta te whakaaro mārama kei te pāngia te mahi me te ātete pakaru, ā, he mea tino nui kia whakaitihia te awe o ngā āhuatanga pāmahana i raro i tēnei āhuatanga. Ahakoa e kiia ana ko ngā tāpiringa methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether kei mua i te whanaketanga hangarau, ko tō rātou whakawhirinaki ki te pāmahana ka arahi tonu ki te ngoikore o te mahi a te moata paura maroke. Ahakoa kua piki ake te nui o te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (tātai raumati), kāore tonu te mahi me te ātete pakaru e tutuki i ngā hiahia o te whakamahinga. Mā te maimoatanga motuhake ki te MC, pērā i te whakanui ake i te tohu o te etherification, me ētahi atu, ka taea te pupuri i te pānga pupuri wai i te pāmahana teitei ake, kia pai ake ai te mahi i raro i ngā āhuatanga uaua.

Hei tāpiritanga, ko te matotoru me te thixotropy o te cellulose ether: ko te mahi tuarua o te cellulose ether – ko te matotoru ka whakawhirinaki ki: te nui o te polymerization o te cellulose ether, te kukū o te otinga, te tere kutikuti, te pāmahana me ētahi atu āhuatanga. He ahurei te āhuatanga whakapūpū o te otinga ki te alkyl cellulose me ōna hua kua whakarerekētia. E pā ana ngā āhuatanga whakapūpū ki te nui o te whakakapinga, te kukū o te otinga me ngā tāpiringa. Mō ngā hua kua whakarerekētia ki te hydroxyalkyl, e pā ana hoki ngā āhuatanga o te gel ki te nui o te whakarerekētanga o te hydroxyalkyl. Mō te MC matotoru iti me te HPMC, ka taea te whakarite i te otinga 10%-15%, ka taea te whakarite i te MC matotoru reo me te HPMC i te otinga 5%-10%, ko te MC matotoru teitei meHPMCka taea anake te whakarite i te otinga 2%-3%, ā, ko te tikanga ka whakarōpūhia te matotoru o te cellulose ether mā te otinga 1%-2%. He nui te whai huatanga o te matotoru o te cellulose ether taumaha ngota teitei. I roto i te otinga kukū kotahi, he rerekē ngā matotoru o ngā polymer me ngā taumaha ngota rerekē. He nui te nekehanga. Ka taea anake te whakatutuki i te matotoru whainga mā te tāpiri i te nui o te taumaha ngota iti o te cellulose ether. He iti noa te whakawhirinaki o tōna matotoru ki te tere kutikuti, ā, ka eke te matotoru teitei ki te matotoru whainga, ā, he iti te nui o te tāpiri e hiahiatia ana, ā, ka whakawhirinaki te matotoru ki te whai huatanga matotoru. Nō reira, kia tutuki ai he ōritetanga, me whakapūmau he nui o te cellulose ether (te kukū o te otinga) me te matotoru o te otinga. Ka heke hoki te pāmahana tiēre o te otinga i te taha o te pikinga o te kukū o te otinga, ā, ka tiēre i te pāmahana rūma i muri i te taenga ki tētahi kukū. He teitei te kukū tiēre o te HPMC i te pāmahana rūma.

Ka taea hoki te whakarite i te ōritetanga mā te whiriwhiri i te rahi o te matūriki me te whiriwhiri i ngā etera cellulose me ngā nekehanga whakarerekētanga rerekē. Ko te mea e kiia nei ko te whakarerekētanga ko te whakauru i tētahi taumata o te whakakapinga o ngā rōpū hydroxyalkyl ki te hanganga angaanga o te MC. Mā te whakarerekē i ngā uara whakakapinga whanaunga o ngā whakakapinga e rua, arā, ko ngā uara whakakapinga whanaunga DS me ms o ngā rōpū methoxy me hydroxyalkyl e kīia pinepinetia ana e tātou. Ka taea te whiwhi i ngā whakaritenga mahi rerekē o te etera cellulose mā te whakarerekē i ngā uara whakakapinga whanaunga o ngā whakakapinga e rua.

Ko te whanaungatanga i waenga i te ōritetanga me te whakarerekētanga: ko te tāpiri o te cellulose ether ka pā ki te wai e pau ana i te moata, ko te whakarerekētanga o te ōwehenga wai-here o te wai me te sima ko te pānga matotoru, ko te teitei ake o te horopeta, ko te nui ake o te wai e pau ana.

Me tere te memeha o ngā etera cellulose e whakamahia ana i roto i ngā rauemi hanga paura ki te wai matao, kia rite ai te matotoru mō te pūnaha. Mēnā ka tukuna he tere kutikuti, ka noho tonu hei poraka flocculent me te colloidal, he hua kounga iti iho, he hua kounga iti rānei.

He hononga pai hoki kei waenganui i te matotoru o te whakapiri sima me te horopeta o te cellulose ether. Ka taea e te cellulose ether te whakanui ake i te matotoru o te moata. Ko te nui ake o te horopeta, ko te kitea ake te pānga. He nui te thixotropy o te wai cellulose ether matotoru-teitei, he āhuatanga nui hoki tēnei o te cellulose ether. Ko ngā wai o ngā polymer MC he pseudoplastic me te non-thixotropic fluidity kei raro iho i te pāmahana gel, engari ko ngā āhuatanga rere Newtonian i ngā tere kutikuti iti. Ka piki ake te pseudoplasticity me te taumaha ngota, te kukū rānei o te cellulose ether, ahakoa te momo whakakapinga me te nui o te whakakapinga. Nō reira, ko ngā cellulose ether o te taumata matotoru ōrite, ahakoa MC, HPMC, HEMC, ka whakaatu tonu i ngā āhuatanga rheological ōrite mena ka mau tonu te kukū me te pāmahana. Ka hangaia ngā gel hanganga ina piki ake te pāmahana, ā, ka puta ngā rerenga thixotropic tino nui. Ko ngā cellulose ether kukū teitei me te matotoru iti e whakaatu ana i te thixotropy ahakoa kei raro iho i te pāmahana gel. He tino painga tēnei āhuatanga ki te whakatikatika i te whakataurite me te whakaheke i roto i te hanganga o te moata hanga whare. Me whakamārama i konei ko te teitei ake o te matotoru o te cellulose ether, ka pai ake te pupuri wai, engari ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ka teitei ake te taumaha ngota whanaunga o te cellulose ether, ā, ka heke te wairewa, ka pā kino ki te kukū o te moata me te mahi hanga. Ko te teitei ake o te matotoru, ka kitea te pānga matotoru ki te moata, engari kāore i te tino ōrite. Ko ētahi matotoru reo me te iti, engari he pai ake te mahi a te cellulose ether kua whakarerekētia ki te whakapai ake i te kaha hanganga o te moata mākū. Mā te pikinga ake o te matotoru, ka pai ake te pupuri wai o te cellulose ether.

Te whakaroa i te cellulose ether: Ko te tuatoru o ngā mahi a te cellulose ether ko te whakaroa i te tukanga whakamakuku o te sima. Ka whakawhiwhia e te cellulose ether ngā āhuatanga pai o te moata, ā, ka whakaitihia hoki te wera whakamakuku wawe o te sima, ka whakaroa hoki i te tukanga hihiri whakamakuku o te sima. Kāore tēnei i te pai mō te whakamahinga o te moata i ngā rohe makariri. Ko tēnei pānga whakaroa ka puta mai i te mimiti o ngā ngota cellulose ether ki ngā hua whakamakuku pēnei i te CSH me te ca(OH)2. Nā te pikinga o te matotoru o te otinga pore, ka whakaitihia e te cellulose ether te nekenekehanga o ngā katote i roto i te otinga, ā, ka whakaroa i te tukanga whakamakuku. Ko te teitei ake o te kukū o te cellulose ether i roto i te rauemi kohuke ira, ka nui ake te pānga o te whakaroa whakamakuku. Ehara i te mea ka whakaroa noa te cellulose ether i te whakatakoto, engari ka whakaroa hoki i te tukanga whakapakeke o te pūnaha kohuke ira. Ko te pānga whakaroa o te cellulose ether e whakawhirinaki ana ki tōna kukū i roto i te pūnaha kohuke ira, engari ki te hanganga matū hoki. Ko te teitei ake o te tohu methylation o te HEMC, ka pai ake te pānga whakaroa o te cellulose ether. Ko te ōwehenga o te whakakapinga hydrophilic ki te whakakapinga whakanui wai Ka kaha ake te pānga whakaroa. Heoi, he iti noa te pānga o te matotoru o te cellulose ether ki te tere o te whakamakuku o te sima.

I te pikinga ake o te nui o te cellulose ether, ka nui ake te roa o te whakatōnga o te moata. He hononga kore-raina pai i waenga i te wā whakatōnga tuatahi o te moata me te nui o te cellulose ether, ā, he hononga raina pai i waenga i te wā whakatōnga whakamutunga me te nui o te cellulose ether. Ka taea e tātou te whakahaere i te wā mahi o te moata mā te whakarerekē i te nui o te cellulose ether.

Hei whakarāpopototanga, i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu,te etera celluloseHe mahi nui tā te pūmau wai, he whakamātotoru, he whakaroa i te kaha whakamakuku sima, me te whakapai ake i te mahi hanga. Mā te kaha pupuri wai pai ka tino oti te whakamakuku sima, ka taea te whakapai ake i te matotoru mākū o te moata mākū, te whakanui ake i te kaha piri o te moata, me te whakatika i te wā. Mā te tāpiri i te cellulose ether ki te moata rehu miihini ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi rehu, te papu rānei me te kaha hanganga o te moata. Nō reira, kei te whakamahia whānuitia te cellulose ether hei tāpiri nui i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu.