Mu matope osakaniza bwino, kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose kumakhala kochepa kwambiri, koma kumatha kusintha kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a matope onyowa, ndipo ndi chowonjezera chachikulu chomwe chimakhudza magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kusankha bwino ma ether a cellulose amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukhuthala kosiyanasiyana, kukula kosiyanasiyana kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, madigiri osiyanasiyana a kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kowonjezera kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakuwongolera magwiridwe antchito a matope ouma. Pakadali pano, matope ambiri opangidwa ndi miyala ndi pulasitala ali ndi magwiridwe antchito osasunga madzi, ndipo matope amadzi amalekanitsidwa patatha mphindi zochepa atayima.
Kusunga madzi ndi ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya methylether ya cellulose, ndipo ndi ntchito yomwe opanga matope osakaniza ndi madzi ambiri m'nyumba, makamaka omwe ali m'madera akum'mwera komwe kutentha kwambiri, amasamala. Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza momwe matope osakaniza ndi madzi amasungira madzi ndi monga kuchuluka kwa MC komwe kumawonjezeredwa, kukhuthala kwa MC, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kutentha kwa malo ogwiritsidwa ntchito.
Cellulose ether ndi polima yopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe kudzera mu kusintha kwa mankhwala. Cellulose ether ndi yochokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe. Kupanga kwa cellulose ether ndi kosiyana ndi ma polima opangidwa. Zinthu zake zofunika kwambiri ndi cellulose, chinthu chachilengedwe cha polymer. Chifukwa cha kapangidwe ka cellulose yachilengedwe, cellulose yokha ilibe mphamvu yochitapo kanthu ndi zinthu zoyeretsera. Komabe, pambuyo pochiza chotupa, ma hydrogen amphamvu pakati pa unyolo wa mamolekyu ndi unyolo amawonongeka, ndipo kutulutsidwa kwa hydroxyl kumayamba kukhala reactive alkali cellulose. Pezani cellulose ether.
Katundu wa ma ether a cellulose amadalira mtundu, chiwerengero ndi kufalikira kwa ma ether. Kugawidwa kwa ma ether a cellulose kumadaliranso mtundu wa ma ether, kuchuluka kwa ether, kusungunuka ndi mawonekedwe ofanana ndi omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito. Malinga ndi mtundu wa ma ether omwe ali pa unyolo wa molekyulu, amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: monoether ndi mixed ether. MC yomwe timagwiritsa ntchito nthawi zambiri ndi monoether, ndipo HPMC ndi mixed ether. Methyl cellulose ether MC ndi chinthu chomwe chimachitika pambuyo poti gulu la hydroxyl pa unit ya glucose ya cellulose yachilengedwe limasinthidwa ndi methoxy. Gawo la gulu la hydroxyl pa unit limasinthidwa ndi gulu la methoxy, ndipo gawo lina limasinthidwa ndi gulu la hydroxypropyl. Ethyl methyl cellulose ether HEMC, awa ndi mitundu yayikulu yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri komanso yogulitsidwa pamsika.
Ponena za kusungunuka, ikhoza kugawidwa m'magulu a ionic ndi non-ionic. Ma ether a cellulose osungunuka m'madzi amapangidwa makamaka ndi ma ether awiri a alkyl ndi ma ether a hydroxyalkyl. Ionic CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu sopo yopangira, kusindikiza ndi kupaka utoto nsalu, kufufuza chakudya ndi mafuta. Non-ionic MC, HPMC, HEMC, ndi zina zotero zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu zipangizo zomangira, zokutira za latex, mankhwala, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku, ndi zina zotero. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala, chosungira madzi, chokhazikika, chosungunula ndi chopangira filimu.
Kusunga madzi kwa ether ya cellulose: Pakupanga zipangizo zomangira, makamaka matope ouma, ether ya cellulose imagwira ntchito yosasinthika, makamaka pakupanga matope apadera (matope osinthidwa), ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lofunika kwambiri. Udindo wofunikira wa ether ya cellulose yosungunuka m'madzi mu matope uli ndi mbali zitatu, imodzi ndi mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosunga madzi, ina ndi mphamvu pa kusinthasintha ndi thixotropy ya matope, ndipo yachitatu ndi kuyanjana ndi simenti. Mphamvu yosunga madzi ya ether ya cellulose imadalira kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa maziko, kapangidwe ka matope, makulidwe a matope, kufunikira kwa madzi kwa matope, ndi nthawi yoyika zinthu. Kusunga madzi kwa ether ya cellulose yokha kumachokera ku kusungunuka ndi kuchepa kwa madzi kwa ether ya cellulose yokha. Monga tonse tikudziwira, ngakhale kuti unyolo wa maselo a cellulose uli ndi magulu ambiri a OH omwe amatha kusungunuka kwambiri, sumasungunuka m'madzi, chifukwa kapangidwe ka cellulose kali ndi kristalo wambiri. Mphamvu ya hydration ya magulu a hydroxyl yokha sikokwanira kuphimba ma hydrogen bond amphamvu ndi mphamvu za van der Waals pakati pa mamolekyulu. Chifukwa chake, imangotupa koma siisungunuka m'madzi. Pamene substituent ilowetsedwa mu unyolo wa mamolekyulu, sikuti substituent yokha imawononga unyolo wa hydrogen, komanso hydrogen bond yolumikizana imawonongeka chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwa substituent pakati pa ma chain oyandikana nawo. Pamene substituent ikukula, mtunda pakati pa mamolekyulu umakula. Mtunda umakula. Pamene zotsatira za kuwononga ma hydrogen bond zikukulirakulira, cellulose ether imasungunuka m'madzi pambuyo poti cellulose lattice yakula ndipo yankho limalowa, ndikupanga yankho la high-viscosity. Pamene kutentha kukukwera, hydration ya polima imafooka, ndipo madzi pakati pa ma chain amatulutsidwa kunja. Pamene zotsatira za kusowa madzi okwanira, mamolekyu amayamba kusonkhana, kupanga gel yomanga maukonde atatu ndikupindika.
Zinthu zomwe zimakhudza kusunga madzi mu matope ndi monga kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zomwe zawonjezeredwa, kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono komanso kutentha komwe timagwiritsa ntchito.
Kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose kukakula, kumakhala bwino kwambiri pakusunga madzi. Kukhuthala ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri pakugwira ntchito kwa MC. Pakadali pano, opanga osiyanasiyana a MC amagwiritsa ntchito njira ndi zida zosiyanasiyana poyesa kukhuthala kwa MC. Njira zazikulu ndi Haake Rotovisko, Hoppler, Ubbelohde ndi Brookfield. Pa chinthu chomwecho, zotsatira za kukhuthala zomwe zimayesedwa ndi njira zosiyanasiyana zimakhala zosiyana kwambiri, ndipo zina zimakhala ndi kusiyana kawiri. Chifukwa chake, poyerekeza kukhuthala, ziyenera kuchitika pakati pa njira zomwezo zoyesera, kuphatikiza kutentha, rotor, ndi zina zotero.
Kawirikawiri, kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kwambiri. Komabe, kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu komanso kulemera kwa molekyulu ya MC, kuchepa kofanana kwa kusungunuka kwake kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa mphamvu ndi magwiridwe antchito a matope. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope kumakhala koonekera bwino, koma sikufanana mwachindunji. Kukhuthala kwa madzi kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope onyowa kumakhala kolimba kwambiri, ndiko kuti, panthawi yomanga, kumaonekera ngati kumamatira ku scraper ndi kumamatira kwambiri ku substrate. Koma sizothandiza kuwonjezera mphamvu ya matope onyowa okha. Panthawi yomanga, mphamvu yotsutsana ndi kusagwa siidziwika. M'malo mwake, ma ether ena apakatikati ndi otsika koma osinthidwa a methyl cellulose ali ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino kwambiri pakukweza mphamvu ya matope onyowa.
Kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose yomwe yawonjezeredwa ku matope, kumakhala bwino kusunga madzi, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kumakhala kwakukulu, kumakhala bwino kusunga madzi.
Pa kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, tinthu tating'onoting'ono tikakhala tating'onoting'ono, timasunga bwino madzi. Tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta cellulose ether tikakumana ndi madzi, pamwamba pake timasungunuka nthawi yomweyo ndikupanga gel yokulunga zinthuzo kuti mamolekyu amadzi asapitirire kulowa. Nthawi zina sizingafalitsidwe mofanana ndikusungunuka ngakhale mutasakaniza kwa nthawi yayitali, ndikupanga yankho la mitambo kapena agglomeration. Zimakhudza kwambiri kusunga madzi kwa cellulose ether, ndipo kusungunuka ndi chimodzi mwazinthu zomwe zimasankhidwa posankha cellulose ether. Kusalala ndi chizindikiro chofunikira cha methyl cellulose ether. MC yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matope ouma amafunika kukhala ufa, wokhala ndi madzi ochepa, ndipo kusalala kwake kumafunanso 20% ~ 60% ya kukula kwa tinthu kuti ikhale yochepera 63um. Kusalala kumakhudza kusungunuka kwa methyl cellulose ether. MC yolimba nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi granular, ndipo ndi yosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi popanda agglomeration, koma kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kumakhala kochedwa kwambiri, kotero sikoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope ouma. Mu matope ouma, MC imafalikira pakati pa zinthu zopangira simenti monga aggregate, filler fine ndi simenti, ndipo ufa wokwanira wokha ndi womwe ungapewe methyl cellulose ether agglomeration ikasakanikirana ndi madzi. MC ikawonjezedwa ndi madzi kuti isungunuke ma agglomerate, zimakhala zovuta kwambiri kufalitsa ndi kusungunula. Kusalala kwa MC sikuti kungowononga ndalama zokha, komanso kumachepetsa mphamvu ya matope. Mukagwiritsa ntchito matope ouma otere pamalo akuluakulu, liwiro lotha kuuma la matope ouma a m'deralo lidzachepa kwambiri, ndipo ming'alu idzawonekera chifukwa cha nthawi zosiyanasiyana zotha kuuma. Pa matope opopera ndi makina omangira, kufunikira kwa kusalala kumakhala kwakukulu chifukwa cha nthawi yochepa yosakaniza.
Kusalala kwa MC kumakhudzanso kusunga madzi. Kawirikawiri, pa ma ether a methyl cellulose omwe ali ndi kukhuthala kofanana koma kusalala kosiyana, pansi pa kuchuluka komweko kowonjezera, kusalala kocheperako kumakhala bwino pakusunga madzi.
Kusunga madzi kwa MC kumagwirizananso ndi kutentha komwe kumagwiritsidwa ntchito, ndipo kusunga madzi kwa methyl cellulose ether kumachepa ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kutentha. Komabe, pazinthu zenizeni, matope ouma nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito pazigawo zotentha kutentha kwambiri (koposa madigiri 40) m'malo ambiri, monga kuyika pulasitala pakhoma lakunja pansi pa dzuwa nthawi yachilimwe, zomwe nthawi zambiri zimathandizira Kukonza simenti ndi kuuma kwa matope ouma. Kutsika kwa kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kumabweretsa kumverera koonekeratu kuti kukana kugwira ntchito komanso kukana ming'alu kumakhudzidwa, ndipo ndikofunikira kwambiri kuchepetsa mphamvu ya zinthu zotentha pansi pa vutoli. Ngakhale zowonjezera za methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether pakadali pano zimaonedwa kuti zili patsogolo pa chitukuko cha ukadaulo, kudalira kwawo kutentha kudzapangitsabe kufooka kwa magwiridwe antchito a matope ouma. Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose kumawonjezeka (njira yachilimwe), kukana kugwira ntchito ndi kukana ming'alu sikungakwaniritse zosowa zogwiritsidwa ntchito. Kudzera mu chithandizo chapadera pa MC, monga kuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa etherification, ndi zina zotero, mphamvu yosungira madzi imatha kusungidwa kutentha kwambiri, kuti ipereke magwiridwe antchito abwino m'mikhalidwe yovuta.
Kuphatikiza apo, kukhuthala ndi thixotropy ya cellulose ether: ntchito yachiwiri ya cellulose ether - kukhuthala kumadalira: kuchuluka kwa polymerization ya cellulose ether, kuchuluka kwa yankho, kuchuluka kwa shear, kutentha ndi zina. Kapangidwe ka gelling ka yankho ndi kapadera kwa alkyl cellulose ndi zotumphukira zake zosinthidwa. Kapangidwe ka gelation kamagwirizana ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha, kuchuluka kwa yankho ndi zowonjezera. Pa zotumphukira zosinthidwa za hydroxyalkyl, kapangidwe ka gel kamagwirizananso ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa hydroxyalkyl. Pa kukhuthala kochepa kwa MC ndi HPMC, yankho la 10%-15% likhoza kukonzedwa, kukhuthala kwapakati kwa MC ndi HPMC kumatha kukonzedwa yankho la 5%-10%, pomwe kukhuthala kwakukulu kwa MC ndiHPMCakhoza kungokonza yankho la 2%-3%, ndipo nthawi zambiri gulu la ma viscosity la cellulose ether limayesedwanso ndi yankho la 1%-2%. Cellulose ether yokhala ndi ma molecular weight high molecular ili ndi ma thickening efficiency apamwamba. Mu concentration solution yomweyi, ma polima okhala ndi ma molecular weight osiyanasiyana ali ndi ma viscosities osiyanasiyana. High degree. Kukhuthala kwa cholinga kungatheke pokhapokha powonjezera kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether yolemera pang'ono. Kukhuthala kwake sikudalira kwambiri kuchuluka kwa shear, ndipo ma viscosity apamwamba amafika ku viscosity yomwe ikufunidwa, ndipo kuchuluka kowonjezera komwe kumafunika ndi kochepa, ndipo ma viscosity kumadalira ma viscosity omwe akukhuthala. Chifukwa chake, kuti akwaniritse kusinthasintha kwina, kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether (kuchuluka kwa yankho) ndi ma solution viscosity ziyenera kutsimikizika. Kutentha kwa gel kwa yankho kumachepanso motsatizana ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa yankho, ndi ma gels pa kutentha kwa chipinda atafika pa kuchuluka kwina. Kuchuluka kwa gelling kwa HPMC kumakhala kwakukulu pa kutentha kwa chipinda.
Kugwirizana kungasinthidwenso posankha kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndikusankha ma ether a cellulose okhala ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana osinthira. Chomwe chimatchedwa kusintha ndikuyambitsa kuchuluka kwina kwa magulu a hydroxyalkyl pa kapangidwe ka mafupa a MC. Mwa kusintha ma values osinthira ofanana a ma substituent awiri, ndiko kuti, ma values osinthira ofanana a DS ndi ms a magulu a methoxy ndi hydroxyalkyl omwe nthawi zambiri timanena. Zofunikira zosiyanasiyana za magwiridwe antchito a ether ya cellulose zitha kupezeka posintha ma values osinthira ofanana a ma substituent awiriwa.
Ubale pakati pa kusinthasintha ndi kusintha: kuwonjezera kwa cellulose ether kumakhudza momwe matope amagwiritsidwira ntchito madzi, kusintha chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi simenti kumawonjezera mphamvu, momwe mlingo umachulukira, momwe madzi amagwiritsidwira ntchito kwambiri.
Ma ether a cellulose omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga zipangizo zomangira zopangidwa ndi ufa ayenera kusungunuka mwachangu m'madzi ozizira ndikupereka kusinthasintha koyenera kwa dongosololi. Ngati apatsidwa mlingo winawake wochepetsera, amakhalabe flocculent ndi colloidal block, yomwe ndi chinthu chosakwanira kapena chapamwamba.
Palinso ubale wabwino pakati pa kusinthasintha kwa simenti ndi mlingo wa cellulose ether. Cellulose ether imatha kukulitsa kwambiri kukhuthala kwa matope. Mlingo ukakula, zotsatira zake zimakhala zomveka bwino. Yankho lamadzi la cellulose ether lamadzi lokhala ndi thixotropy yapamwamba, lomwe ndi khalidwe lalikulu la cellulose ether. Mayankho amadzi a ma MC polymers nthawi zambiri amakhala ndi pseudoplastic ndi non-thixotropic fluidity pansi pa kutentha kwawo kwa gel, koma Newtonian flow properties pamlingo wotsika wa shear. Pseudoplasticity imawonjezeka ndi kulemera kwa molekyulu kapena kuchuluka kwa cellulose ether, mosasamala kanthu za mtundu wa cholowa m'malo ndi mlingo wa cholowa m'malo. Chifukwa chake, ma cellulose ethers a kalasi yofanana ya kukhuthala, mosasamala kanthu za MC, HPMC, HEMC, nthawi zonse amawonetsa mphamvu zomwezo za rheological bola ngati kuchuluka ndi kutentha zikusungidwa nthawi zonse. Ma gels opangidwa amapangidwa kutentha kukakwera, ndipo kuyenda kwa thixotropic kwambiri kumachitika. Ma ethers a cellulose okhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso kukhuthala kochepa amawonetsa thixotropy ngakhale pansi pa kutentha kwa gel. Katunduyu ndi wothandiza kwambiri pakusintha kusinthasintha ndi kutsika kwa kapangidwe ka matope omangira. Apa tikuyenera kufotokoza kuti kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose kumakhala kokwera, kusunga madzi kumakhala bwino, koma kukhuthala kumakhala kokwera, kulemera kwa maselo a etha ya cellulose kumakhala kokwera, komanso kuchepa kofanana kwa kusungunuka kwake, komwe kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa matope ndi magwiridwe antchito omangira. Kukhuthala kumakhala kokwera, kukhuthala kumakhala koonekera bwino pa matope, koma sikufanana kwathunthu. Kukhuthala pang'ono kwapakati ndi kotsika, koma etha ya cellulose yosinthidwa imakhala ndi magwiridwe antchito abwino pakukweza mphamvu ya matope onyowa. Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kukhuthala, kusunga madzi kwa etha ya cellulose kumakhala bwino.
Kuchedwa kwa ether ya cellulose: Ntchito yachitatu ya ether ya cellulose ndikuchedwetsa njira yothira madzi ya simenti. Cellulose ether imapatsa matope zinthu zosiyanasiyana zothandiza, komanso imachepetsa kutentha kwa simenti koyambirira komanso imachedwetsa njira yothira madzi ya simenti. Izi sizoyenera kugwiritsa ntchito matope m'malo ozizira. Zotsatirazi zochedwa zimachitika chifukwa cha kuyamwa kwa mamolekyu a ether a cellulose pazinthu zothira madzi monga CSH ndi ca(OH)2. Chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kwa yankho la pore, ether ya cellulose imachepetsa kuyenda kwa ma ayoni mu yankho, motero imachedwetsa njira yothira madzi. Pamene kuchuluka kwa ether ya cellulose mu mineral gel, zotsatira za kuchedwa kwa madzi zimaonekera kwambiri. Ether ya cellulose sikuti imangochedwetsa kukhazikitsa, komanso imachedwetsa njira yolimbitsira ya simenti. Zotsatira zochedwa za ether ya cellulose sizimangodalira kuchuluka kwake mu mineral gel system, komanso kapangidwe ka mankhwala. Pamene methylation ya HEMC ili pamwamba, zotsatira zochedwa za ether ya cellulose zimakhala bwino. Chiŵerengero cha kusintha kwa hydrophilic kupita ku kusintha kwa madzi. Zotsatira zake zochedwetsa zimakhala zolimba. Komabe, kukhuthala kwa ether ya cellulose sikukhudza kwambiri kayendedwe ka madzi a simenti.
Pamene kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose kukuwonjezeka, nthawi yoyika matope imawonjezeka kwambiri. Pali mgwirizano wabwino wosagwirizana ndi mzere pakati pa nthawi yoyika matope yoyamba ndi kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose, komanso mgwirizano wabwino wolunjika pakati pa nthawi yoyika yomaliza ndi kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose. Tikhoza kuwongolera nthawi yogwirira ntchito ya matope posintha kuchuluka kwa etha ya cellulose.
Mwachidule, mu matope osakaniza okonzeka,ether ya celluloseZimathandiza kwambiri pakusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kuchedwetsa mphamvu ya madzi a simenti, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito omanga. Kutha kusunga madzi bwino kumapangitsa kuti madzi a simenti akhale okwanira, kungathandize kukhuthala kwa madzi a simenti, kuwonjezera mphamvu yolumikizirana ya simenti, komanso kusintha nthawi. Kuwonjezera ether ya cellulose ku matope opopera makina kungathandize kukonza kupopera kapena kupopera komanso mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka matope. Chifukwa chake, ether ya cellulose ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowonjezera chofunikira mu matope osakaniza okonzeka.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2024