I-ether ye-celluloseiyi-polymer engeyona i-ionic semi-synthetic, encibilika emanzini futhi incibilika kalula. Inemiphumela ehlukene ezimbonini ezahlukene. Isibonelo, ezintweni zokwakha zamakhemikhali, inemiphumela elandelayo ehlanganisiwe: ① i-ejenti yokugcina amanzi ② i-thickener ③ impahla yokulinganisa ④ impahla yokwakha ifilimu ⑤ i-binder; embonini ye-polyvinyl chloride, iyi-emulsifier kanye ne-dispersant; embonini yezokwelapha, iyi-ejenti yokubopha kanye ne-buffering Khipha izinto zamathambo, njll., ngoba i-cellulose inemiphumela eyahlukahlukene ehlanganisiwe, ngakho-ke amasimu okusetshenziswa kwayo nawo abanzi kakhulu. Okulandelayo, ngizogxila ekusetshenzisweni nasekusebenzeni kwe-cellulose ether ezintweni zokwakha zokuvikela imvelo.
1. Upende we-latex
Embonini yokupenda i-latex, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose kufanele ikhethwe. Ukucaciswa okujwayelekile kwe-viscosity yi-RT30000-50000, kanti umthamo obhekiselwe ngokuvamile ungaba ngu-1.5‰-2‰. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-hydroxyethyl kupende we-latex ukujiya, ukuvimbela i-gelation ye-pigment, ukusiza ukuhlakazeka, i-latex, kanye nokuqina kwe-pigment, nokwandisa i-viscosity yengxenye, okuwusizo ekusebenzeni kokulinganisa kokwakhiwa: i-hydroxyethyl I-Ethyl cellulose ilula kakhulu ukuyisebenzisa. Ingancibilikiswa emanzini abandayo nasemanzini ashisayo, futhi ayithinteki yinani le-pH. Ingasetshenziswa phakathi kwenani le-pH elingu-2 no-12. Kunezindlela ezintathu zokusebenzisa:
I. Engeza ngqo ekukhiqizweni:
Le ndlela kufanele ikhethe uhlobo oluphuzile lwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose – i-hydroxyethyl cellulose enesikhathi sokuncibilika esingaphezu kwemizuzu engama-30. Izinyathelo zimi kanje: ① Engeza inani elithile lamanzi ahlanzekile esitsheni esifakwe i-agitator eshefa kakhulu ② Qala ukuxuba njalo ngesivinini esiphansi, bese ufaka kancane kancane iqembu le-hydroxyethyl esixazululweni ngokulinganayo ③Qhubeka ukuxuba kuze kube yilapho zonke izinto ezihlanganisiwe zimanzi ④ Engeza ezinye izinto ezisizayo kanye nezithasiselo eziyisisekelo, njll. ⑤ Hlanganisa kuze kube yilapho wonke amaqembu e-hydroxyethyl encibilika ngokuphelele, bese ufaka ezinye izingxenye kufomula bese ugaya kuze kube umkhiqizo oqediwe.
Ⅱ. Ifakwe utshwala obuvela kumama ukuze isetshenziswe kamuva:
Le ndlela ingakhetha uhlobo olusheshayo, futhi ine-cellulose yokulwa nokuminza. Inzuzo yale ndlela ukuthi inokuguquguquka okukhulu futhi ingafakwa ngqo kupende we-latex. Indlela yokulungiselela ifana nezinyathelo ①-④.
Ⅲ. Lungiselela iphalishi ukuze ulisebenzise kamuva:
Njengoba izinyibilikisi eziphilayo ziyizinyibilikisi ezibuthakathaka (ezingancibiliki) ze-hydroxyethyl, lezi zinyibilikisi zingasetshenziswa ukwakha iphalishi. Izinyibilikisi eziphilayo ezisetshenziswa kakhulu yiziketshezi eziphilayo ezakhiweni zopende we-latex, njenge-ethylene glycol, i-propylene glycol, kanye nama-ejenti akha ifilimu (njenge-diethylene glycol butyl acetate). Iphalishi i-hydroxyethyl cellulose lingafakwa ngqo kupende. Qhubeka uvuselela uze uncibilike ngokuphelele.
2. I-putty yokuklwebha odongeni
Njengamanje, emadolobheni amaningi ezweni lakithi, i-putty engangeni manzi futhi engakhuhli imvelo iye yaziswa kakhulu ngabantu. Ikhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-acetal kwe-vinyl alcohol kanye ne-formaldehyde. Ngakho-ke, le nto isuswa kancane kancane ngabantu, futhi imikhiqizo yochungechunge lwe-cellulose ether isetshenziselwa ukufaka esikhundleni sale nto. Okusho ukuthi, ekuthuthukiseni izinto zokwakha ezingangeni mvelo, i-cellulose okwamanje iyona kuphela into.
Ku-putty engangeni manzi, ihlukaniswe ngezinhlobo ezimbili: i-putty yempuphu eyomile kanye ne-putty paste. Phakathi kwalezi zinhlobo ezimbili ze-putty, i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ivame ukukhethwa, kanti incazelo ye-viscosity ivame ukuba phakathi kuka-80,000-90,000. Indima ukugcinwa kwamanzi, ukubopha, ukugcoba njalo njalo.
Njengoba amafomula e-putty abakhiqizi abahlukahlukene ehlukene, amanye ayi-gray calcium, i-calcium elula, usimende omhlophe, njll., kanti amanye ayi-gypsum powder, i-gray calcium, i-calcium elula, njll., ngakho-ke imininingwane, i-viscosity kanye nokungena kwe-cellulose kula mafomula amabili nakho kuhlukile. Inani elingeziwe licishe libe ngu-3‰-5‰.
Ekwakhiweni kwe-putty yokuklwebha udonga, njengoba ubuso besisekelo sodonga bunezinga elithile lokumuncwa kwamanzi (izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi odongeni lwezitini lingu-13%, kanti izinga lokumuncwa kwamanzi kokhonkolo lingu-3-5%), kuhlanganiswe nokuhwamuka komhlaba wangaphandle, uma i-putty ilahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha kakhulu, kuzoholela ekuqhekekeni noma ekususweni kwempuphu, okuzokwenza buthaka amandla e-putty. Ngakho-ke, ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kuzoxazulula le nkinga. Kodwa ikhwalithi yokugcwalisa, ikakhulukazi ikhwalithi ye-calcium yomlotha nayo ibaluleke kakhulu. Ngenxa ye-viscosity ephezulu ye-cellulose, ukubutheka kwe-putty nakho kuyathuthukiswa, futhi into ewohlokayo ngesikhathi sokwakha nayo iyagwenywa, futhi ikhululekile kakhulu futhi yonga abasebenzi ngemva kokuklwebha.
3. Udaka lukakhonkolo
Ku-concrete mortar, ukuze kufinyelelwe amandla aphezulu, i-samente kumele igcwaliswe ngamanzi ngokugcwele. Ikakhulukazi ekwakhiweni kwehlobo, i-concrete mortar ilahlekelwa amanzi ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi izindlela zokufaka amanzi ngokuphelele zisetshenziselwa ukugcina nokufafaza amanzi. Ukuchitha izinsiza kanye nokusebenza okungafanele. Isihluthulelo ukuthi amanzi aphezu kuphela, futhi amanzi angaphakathi awakapheleli. Ngakho-ke, ikhambi lale nkinga ukufaka i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose phakathi kuka-150,000 no-200,000 kukhonkrithi ye-concrete. , inani lokwengeza lingaba ngu-2‰–3‰, futhi izinga lokugcina amanzi lingakhushulwa libe ngaphezu kuka-92%. Indlela yokusebenzisa kukhonkrithi ye-concrete iwukufaka amanzi ngemva kokuba i-dry powder ixutshwe ngokulinganayo.
4. Ekuplasteni i-gypsum, i-bonding gypsum, i-caulking gypsum
Njengoba imboni yokwakha ithuthuka ngokushesha, isidingo sabantu sezinto zokwakha ezintsha siyakhula usuku nosuku. Ngenxa yokwanda kokuqwashisa kwabantu ngokuvikelwa kwemvelo kanye nokuthuthuka okuqhubekayo kokusebenza kahle kokwakha, imikhiqizo ye-gypsum esimende ithuthuke ngokushesha. Njengamanje, imikhiqizo ye-gypsum evame kakhulu yi-plastering gypsum, i-bonded gypsum, i-inlaid gypsum, kanye ne-tile adhesive.
I-plastering gypsum iyinto yokuplastering esezingeni eliphezulu yezindonga zangaphakathi nophahla. Ubuso bodonga obufakwe kuyo bulungile futhi bubushelelezi, abuwisi impuphu, buboshelwe ngokuqinile esisekelweni, abunamifantu futhi abuwi, futhi bunomsebenzi ongashi; i-bonded gypsum uhlobo olusha lwe-building light board adhesive luyinto enamathelayo eyenziwe nge-gypsum njengezinto eziyisisekelo futhi ifaka izithasiselo ezahlukahlukene. Ifanele ukubopha phakathi kwezinto ezahlukene zodonga lwesakhiwo ezingaphili. Ayinabuthi, ayinambitheki, Izici ezifana namandla okuqala, ukusetha okusheshayo, kanye nokubopha okuqinile, iyinto esekelayo yamaphaneli okwakha kanye nokwakhiwa kwamabhulokhi; i-gypsum caulking agent iyisigcwalisi segebe phakathi kwamaphaneli e-gypsum kanye nesigcwalisi sokulungisa izindonga nemifantu.
Le mikhiqizo ye-gypsum inemisebenzi ehlukahlukene. Ngaphezu kwendima ye-gypsum kanye nezigcwalisi ezihlobene, inkinga ebalulekile ukuthi izithasiselo ze-cellulose ether ezengeziwe zidlala indima ehamba phambili. Ngenxa yokuthi i-gypsum ihlukaniswe i-gypsum engamanzi kanye ne-hemihydrate gypsum, i-gypsum ehlukene inemiphumela ehlukene ekusebenzeni komkhiqizo, ngakho-ke ukuqina, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kanye nokulibaziseka kunquma ikhwalithi yezinto zokwakha ze-gypsum. Inkinga evamile yalezi zinto ukugoba nokuqhekeka, futhi amandla okuqala awakwazi ukufinyelelwa. Ukuxazulula le nkinga, ukukhetha uhlobo lwe-cellulose kanye nendlela yokusebenzisa i-compound ye-retarder. Kulokhu, i-methyl noma i-hydroxypropyl methyl 30000 ngokuvamile ikhethwa. -60000, inani lokwengeza liphakathi kuka-1.5‰–2‰, kanti i-cellulose igxile ekugcinweni kwamanzi nasekulibaziseni ukuthambisa.
Kodwa-ke, akunakwenzeka ukuthembela ku-cellulose ether njenge-retarder, futhi kuyadingeka ukwengeza i-citric acid retarder ukuze uyixube futhi uyisebenzise ngaphandle kokuthinta amandla okuqala.
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi ngokuvamile kubhekisela ekutheni angakanani amanzi azolahleka ngokwemvelo ngaphandle kokumuncwa kwamanzi kwangaphandle. Uma udonga lomile kakhulu, ukumuncwa kwamanzi kanye nokuhwamuka kwemvelo ebusweni besisekelo kuzokwenza izinto zilahlekelwe amanzi ngokushesha kakhulu, futhi kuzokwenzeka nokugoba kanye nokuqhekeka.
Le ndlela yokusebenzisa ixutshwe nempuphu eyomile. Uma ulungisa isixazululo, sicela ubheke indlela yokulungisa isixazululo.
5. Udaka lokuvikela ukushisa
Udaka lokufaka umswakama uhlobo olusha lwezinto zokufaka umswakama odongeni lwangaphakathi esifundeni esisenyakatho. Luyizinto zodonga ezakhiwe ngezinto zokufaka umswakama, udaka kanye ne-binder. Kulezi zinto, i-cellulose idlala indima ebalulekile ekuhlanganiseni nasekukhuliseni amandla. Ngokuvamile khetha i-methyl cellulose ene-viscosity ephezulu (cishe i-150,000), umthamo ngokuvamile uphakathi kuka-2‰-3‰), futhi indlela yokusebenzisa ukuxuba i-dry powder.
6. I-ejenti yokuxhumana
I-ejenti yokuxhumana kufanele ibe yi-HPNC20000, kanti i-adhesive yethayela kufanele ibe ngaphezu kuka-100,000. I-ejenti yokuxhumana kufanele isetshenziswe njengesithambisi, esingathuthukisa amandla okudonseka kanye namandla okulwa nomcibisholo.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-28-2024