Cellulose ether (CelluloseEther) inogadzirwa kubva kucellulose kuburikidza ne etherification reaction ye etherification imwe chete kana dzakawanda uye dry grinding. Zvichienderana nemakemikari akasiyana e ether substituents, cellulose ethers dzinogona kukamurwa kuita anionic, cationic uye nonionic ethers. Ionic cellulose ethers dzinosanganisira carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); non-ionic cellulose ethers dzinosanganisira methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) uye hydroxyethyl cellulose ether. Chlorine ether (HC) nezvimwewo. Non-ionic ethers dzakakamurwa kuita water-soluble ethers uye oil-soluble ethers, uye non-ionic water-soluble ethers dzinonyanya kushandiswa mu mortar products. Kana paine calcium ions, ionic cellulose ether haina kugadzikana, saka haiwanzo shandiswa mu dry-mixed mortar products dzinoshandisa simende, slaked lime, nezvimwewo se cementing materials. Ma ether e cellulose anonyungudika mumvura anoshandiswa zvakanyanya muindasitiri yezvinhu zvekuvaka nekuda kwekugadzikana kwawo mukumiswa uye kuchengetedza mvura.
1. Hunhu hwemakemikari hwe cellulose ether
Cellulose ether yega yega ine chimiro che cellulose — chimiro che anhydroglucose. Mukugadzira cellulose ether, cellulose fiber inotanga yapiswa mu alkaline solution, yozorapwa ne etherifying agent. Chigadzirwa che fibrous reaction chinocheneswa uye chinopwanywa kuti chigadzire upfu hwakafanana hune hutete hwakati.
Mukugadzirwa kweMC, methyl chloride chete ndiyo inoshandiswa se etherification agent; kuwedzera kune methyl chloride, propylene oxide inoshandiswawo kuwana mapoka e hydroxypropyl substituent mukugadzirwa kwe HPMC. Ma ether akasiyana-siyana e cellulose ane methyl ne hydroxypropyl substitution ratios dzakasiyana, izvo zvinokanganisa organic compatibility uye thermal gelation temperature ye cellulose ether solutions.
2. Maitiro ekushandisa e-cellulose ether
Cellulose ether ipolymer isiri ionic semi-synthetic, inonyungudika mumvura uye inonyungudika. Ine mhedzisiro dzakasiyana mumaindasitiri akasiyana. Semuenzaniso, muzvinhu zvekuvaka zvemakemikari, ine mhedzisiro inotevera:
①Chinochengetedza mvura ②Chinokora ③Chinhu chekuyera ④Chinhu chinoumba mafirimu ⑤Chinosunga
Muindasitiri yepolyvinyl chloride, imulsifier uye dispersant; muindasitiri yemishonga, isimbi uye inoburitsa zvinhu zvishoma nezvishoma uye zvinodzorwa, nezvimwewo. Nekuti cellulose ine mhando dzakasiyana dzemigumisiro, mashandisirwo ayo ndiwo akanyanya kuwanda. Zvinotevera zvinotarisa pakushandiswa uye kushanda kwe cellulose ether muzvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvekuvaka.
(1) Mupendi yelatex:
Muindasitiri yependi yelatex, kusarudza hydroxyethyl cellulose, kutsanangurwa kwakajairika kwekusimba kwakaenzana iRT30000-50000cps, iyo inoenderana netsanangudzo yeHBR250, uye chiyero chereferensi chinowanzova 1.5‰-2‰. Basa guru rehydroxyethyl mupendi yelatex nderekukora, kudzivirira gelation yepigment, kubatsira kupararira kwepigment, kugadzikana kwelatex, uye kuwedzera viscosity yezvikamu, izvo zvinobatsira mukuita kwekuenzanisa kwekuvaka: Hydroxyethyl cellulose iri nyore kushandisa. Inogona kunyungudutswa mumvura inotonhora nemvura inopisa, uye haikanganisike ne pH value. Inogona kushandiswa nerugare rwepfungwa kana PI value iri pakati pe2 ne12. Nzira dzekushandisa ndeidzi: I. Kuwedzerwa zvakananga mukugadzirwa: Panzira iyi, hydroxyethyl cellulose delayed type inofanira kusarudzwa, uye hydroxyethyl cellulose ine nguva yekunyunguduka kweanopfuura maminetsi makumi matatu inoshandiswa. Matanho acho ndeaya anotevera: ① Isa mumudziyo une agitator ine shear high-shear. Mvura yakachena yakawanda ②Tanga kusanganisa nguva dzose nekumhanya kwakaderera, uye panguva imwe chete wedzera hydroxyethyl mumushonga zvakaenzana ③Ramba uchikurunga kusvika zvese zvakanyungudutswa zvanyorova ④Wedzera zvimwe zvinowedzera uye alkaline additives, nezvimwewo. ⑤Kunganisa kusvika hydroxyethyl yese yanyungudutswa zvachose, wobva wawedzera zvimwe zvikamu mufomura, wokuya kusvika chigadzirwa chapera. Ⅱ. Yakashongedzerwa ne mother liquor yekushandisa gare gare: Nzira iyi inogona kusarudza instant cellulose, ine anti-mildew effect. Kubatsira kwenzira iyi ndekwekuti ine flexible yakakura uye inogona kuwedzerwa zvakananga ku latex pendi. Nzira yekugadzirira yakafanana nematanho ①-④. Ⅲ. Gadzirira porridge yekushandisa gare gare: Sezvo organic solvents isiri solvents yakanaka (isinganyunguduke) ye hydroxyethyl, solvents idzi dzinogona kushandiswa kugadzira porridge. Zvinonyungudutsa organic zvinonyanya kushandiswa i organic liquids mu latex pendi formulations, dzakadai se ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, uye firimu-forming agents (senge diethylene glycol butyl acetate). Porridge hydroxyethyl cellulose inogona kuwedzerwa zvakananga mupendi. Ramba uchikurunga kusvika yanyungudika zvachose.
(2) Muputty yekukwenya madziro:
Parizvino, mumaguta mazhinji munyika yangu, putty isingapindi mvura uye isingapindi scrub yave ichikosheswa nevanhu. Inogadzirwa ne acetal reaction ye vinyl alcohol uye formaldehyde. Saka, chinhu ichi chinobviswa zvishoma nezvishoma nevanhu, uye zvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether series zvinoshandiswa kutsiva chinhu ichi. Kureva kuti, pakugadzira zvinhu zvekuvaka zvisingapindi zvakatipoteredza, cellulose ndiyo chete chinhu ichi. Muputty isingapindi mvura, yakakamurwa kuita mhando mbiri: dry powder putty uye putty paste. Pakati pemhando mbiri idzi dzeputty, modified methyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl methyl zvinofanira kusarudzwa. Viscosity specification inowanzo kuve pakati pe30000-60000cps. Mabasa makuru e cellulose muputty ndeyekuchengetedza mvura, kubatana uye lubrication. Sezvo putty formula dzevagadziri vakasiyana-siyana dzakasiyana, dzimwe igrey calcium, light calcium, white cement, nezvimwewo, uye dzimwe i gypsum powder, grey calcium, light calcium, nezvimwewo, saka specifications, viscosity uye kupinda kwe cellulose mumafomu maviri akasiyanawo. Huwandu hwakawedzerwa hunenge 2‰-3‰. Mukugadzira putty yekukwenya madziro, sezvo pasi pemadziro paine mwero wakati wekukwenya mvura (mwero wekukwenya mvura pamadziro ezvidhinha i13%, uye mwero wekukwenya mvura pakongiri i3-5%), pamwe chete nekubuda kwemvura kunze kwenyika, kana putty ikarasikirwa nemvura nekukurumidza, Izvi zvinotungamira mukutsemuka kana kubviswa kwehupfu, izvo zvinoderedza simba reputty. Saka, kuwedzera cellulose ether kuchagadzirisa dambudziko iri. Asi mhando yefiller, kunyanya mhando yecalcium yeash yakakoshawo zvikuru. Nekuda kwekunaka kwakanyanya kwecellulose, kubhururuka kweputty kunowedzerwawo, uye chiitiko chekudzikama panguva yekuvaka chinodziviswawo, uye chinonyaradza uye chinochengetedza basa mushure mekukwenya. Zviri nyore kuwedzera cellulose ether muputty yeupfu. Kugadzirwa kwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo zviri nyore. Filler nezvimwe zvinowedzera zvinogona kusanganiswa zvakaenzana muupfu hwakaoma.
(3) Dura rekongiri:
Mudhaka rekongiri, kuti simende iwane simba rayo guru, simende inofanira kunge yakanyoroveswa zvizere. Kunyanya mukuvakwa kwezhizha, dhaka rekongiri rinorasikirwa nemvura nekukurumidza, uye zviyero zvekunyoroveswa zvakakwana zvinoshandiswa kuchengetedza nekusasa mvura. Kutambisa zviwanikwa uye kushanda zvisina kunaka, chinhu chikuru ndechekuti mvura iri pamusoro chete, uye kunyoroveswa kwemukati hakusati kwakwana, saka mhinduro yedambudziko iri ndeyekuwedzera zvinhu zvisere zvinochengetedza mvura mudhaka rekongiri, kazhinji sarudza hydroxypropyl methyl kana methyl Cellulose, specification ye viscosity iri pakati pe20000-60000cps, uye huwandu hwekuwedzera i2%-3%. Mwero wekuchengetedza mvura unogona kuwedzerwa kusvika kupfuura 85%. Nzira yekushandisa mudhaka rekongiri ndeyekusanganisa upfu hwakaoma zvakaenzana wodurura mumvura.
(4) Mukupurasita gypsum, gypsum yakabatana, gypsum inobaya:
Nekukura kuri kuita indasitiri yekuvaka nekukurumidza, kudiwa kwevanhu kwezvinhu zvitsva zvekuvaka kuri kuwedzerawo zuva nezuva. Nekuda kwekuwedzera kwevanhu kuziva nezvekuchengetedzwa kwezvakatipoteredza uye kuvandudzwa kuri kuramba kuchienderera mberi kwekushanda zvakanaka kwekuvaka, zvigadzirwa zvegypsum zvine simende zvave kukura nekukurumidza. Parizvino, zvigadzirwa zvegypsum zvakajairika iplastering gypsum, bonded gypsum, inlaid gypsum, uye tile adhesive. Plastering gypsum ipurasitiki yemhando yepamusoro yemadziro nedenga remukati. Rusvingo rwakaputirwa narwo rwakanaka uye rwakatsetseka. Gwaro idzva remwenje rekuvaka ipurasitiki inonamira yakagadzirwa negypsum sechigadziko chezvinhu uye zvimwe zvinowedzerwa zvakasiyana. Yakakodzera kubatana pakati pezvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvemadziro ekuvaka. Haina chepfu, Hainhuhwi, ine simba rekutanga uye inogadziriswa nekukurumidza, inobatanidza zvakasimba nezvimwe zvinhu, isimbi inotsigira mabhodhi ekuvaka nekuvaka mabhuroko; gypsum caulking agent ipurasitiki pakati pemabhodhi egypsum uye filler yekugadzirisa madziro nemakomba. Izvi zvigadzirwa zvegypsum zvine mabasa akasiyana. Kuwedzera kune basa regypsum nezvimwe zvinozadza, nyaya huru ndeyekuti zvinowedzera zve cellulose ether zvinotamba basa guru. Sezvo gypsum yakakamurwa kuita gypsum isina mvura uye hemihydrate gypsum, gypsum dzakasiyana dzine mhedzisiro yakasiyana pakushanda kwechigadzirwa, saka kukora, kuchengetedza mvura uye kunonoka kunosarudza mhando yezvinhu zvekuvaka zve gypsum. Dambudziko rinowanzoitika pazvinhu izvi nderekutsemuka nekupwanyika, uye simba rekutanga harigone kusvikwa. Kugadzirisa dambudziko iri, kusarudza rudzi rwe cellulose uye nzira yekushandisa compound ye retarder. Panyaya iyi, methyl kana hydroxypropyl methyl 30000 inowanzo sarudzwa. -60000cps, huwandu hwekuwedzera i1.5%–2%. Pakati pavo, cellulose inotarisa pakuchengetedza mvura uye kunonoka kwemafuta. Zvisinei, hazvigoneke kuvimba ne cellulose ether se retarder, uye zvakakosha kuwedzera citric acid retarder kuti uisanganise uye ushandise pasina kukanganisa simba rekutanga. Kuchengetwa kwemvura kunowanzo reva kuti mvura yakawanda sei icharasika zvakasikwa pasina kutorwa kwemvura yekunze. Kana madziro akaoma zvakanyanya, kutorwa kwemvura uye kupwanyika kwechisikigo pamusoro pepasi kuchaita kuti zvinhu zvirasikirwe nemvura nekukurumidza, uye kutsemuka nekupwanyika kuchaitikawo. Iyi nzira yekushandisa inosanganiswa neupfu hwakaoma. Kana uchigadzira mhinduro, ndapota tarisa nzira yekugadzirira mhinduro yacho.
(5) Dura rekudzivirira kupisa rinopisa
Dura rekudzivirira kupisa imhando itsva yezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa mukati memadziro munzvimbo yekuchamhembe. Imidziyo yekudzivirira kupisa yakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvinodzivirira kupisa, dura uye binder. Muzvinhu izvi, cellulose inoita basa guru mukubatanidza uye kuwedzera simba. Kazhinji sarudza methyl cellulose ine viscosity yakakwira (inenge 10000eps), chiyero chinowanzova pakati pe2‰-3‰), uye nzira yekushandisa ndeyekusanganisa upfu hwakaoma.
(6) mumiririri weinterface
Sarudza HPNC 20000cps yemushonga wekubatanidza, sarudza 60000cps kana kupfuura yemushonga wekubatanidza mataira, uye tarisa pane chinosimbisa mumushonga wekubatanidza, izvo zvinogona kuvandudza simba rekudhonza uye simba rekudzivirira museve. Inoshandiswa semushonga unochengetedza mvura mukubatanidza mataira kudzivirira mataira kuti asakurumidza kupera mvura uye kudonha.
3. Mamiriro echeni yeindasitiri
(1) Indasitiri yepamusoro
Zvinhu zvikuru zvinodiwa pakugadzira cellulose ether zvinosanganisira donje rakanatswa (kana kuti pulp yehuni) uye zvimwe zvinonyungudutsa makemikari zvakajairika, zvakaita sepropylene oxide, methyl chloride, liquid caustic soda, caustic soda, ethylene oxide, toluene nezvimwe zvinhu zvinobatsira. Makambani eindasitiri yepamusoro eindasitiri iyi anosanganisira donje rakanatswa, makambani ekugadzira pulp yehuni uye mamwe makambani emakemikari. Kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yezvinhu zvikuru zvataurwa pamusoro apa kuchava nemhedzisiro yakasiyana pamutengo wekugadzira uye mutengo wekutengesa we cellulose ether.
Mutengo wedonje rakanatswa wakakwira. Tichitora ether yemhando ye cellulose semuenzaniso, panguva yekunyora, mutengo wedonje rakanatswa waive 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% uye 26.90% yemari yekutengesa ye cellulose ether yezvinhu zvekuvaka zvakateerana. Kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yedonje rakanatswa kuchakanganisa mutengo wekugadzirwa kwe cellulose ether. Chinhu chikuru chekugadzira donje rakanatswa i cotton linters. Cotton linters ndeimwe yezvigadzirwa zviri mukugadzirwa kwedonje, zvinonyanya kushandiswa kugadzira donje pulp, donje rakanatswa, nitrocellulose nezvimwe zvigadzirwa. Kukosha kwekushandiswa uye kushandiswa kwe cotton linters nedonje zvakasiyana zvikuru, uye mutengo wayo wakaderera pane wedonje, asi une hukama hwakati nekuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yedonje. Kuchinja-chinja kwemutengo we cotton linters kunokanganisa mutengo we cotton rakanatswa.
Kuchinja-chinja kukuru kwemutengo wedonje rakanatswa kuchava nemhedzisiro yakasiyana pakutonga kwemitengo yekugadzira, mitengo yezvigadzirwa uye purofiti yemabhizinesi ari muindasitiri iyi. Kana mutengo wedonje rakanatswa wakakwira uye mutengo wedonje rakacheneswa wakaderera, kuitira kuderedza mitengo, donje rehuni rinogona kushandiswa sechinotsiva uye chinowedzera donje rakanatswa, kunyanya pakugadzira maether e-cellulose ane viscosity yakaderera senge maether e-pharmaceutical uye e-cellulose grade grade. Sekureva kwedata kubva kuwebhusaiti yeNational Bureau of Statistics, muna 2013, nzvimbo yekudyara donje yenyika yangu yaive mahekita mamiriyoni 4.35, uye gonje renyika raive matani mamiriyoni 6.31. Sekureva kwenhamba kubva kuChina Cellulose Industry Association, muna 2014, gonje rehuni rakanatswa rakagadzirwa nevagadziri vedonje vakanatswa vepamba raive matani zviuru mazana matatu nemakumi matatu nemaviri, uye kuwanikwa kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa kwakawanda.
Zvinhu zvikuru zvekugadzira michina yemakemikari yegraphite isimbi negrafiti kabhoni. Mutengo wesimbi negrafiti kabhoni unoratidza chikamu chakakwira chemutengo wekugadzira michina yemakemikari yegraphite. Kuchinja-chinja kwemitengo yezvinhu izvi kuchakanganisa mutengo wekugadzira uye mutengo wekutengesa michina yemakemikari yegraphite.
(2) Indasitiri ye cellulose ether iri pasi
Se "industrial monosodium glutamate", cellulose ether ine chikamu chidiki che cellulose ether uye ine mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana. Maindasitiri ari pasi pemvura akapararira munzvimbo dzakasiyana-siyana dzehupenyu muhupfumi hwenyika.
Kazhinji, indasitiri yekuvaka iri pasi uye indasitiri yezvivakwa ine simba guru pakukura kwekudiwa kwe ether yemhando ye cellulose. Kana indasitiri yekuvaka yemuno neindasitiri yezvivakwa iri kukura nekukurumidza, kudiwa kwe ether yemhando ye cellulose yemhando yezvivakwa pamusika wemuno kuri kukura nekukurumidza. Kana kukura kweindasitiri yekuvaka yemuno neindasitiri yezvivakwa kuchiderera, kukura kwekudiwa kwe ether yemhando ye cellulose yemhando yezvivakwa pamusika wemuno kuchaderera, izvo zvichawedzera kukwikwidza muindasitiri iyi uye kukurumidzisa maitiro ekurarama kwemakambani akasimba muindasitiri iyi.
Kubva muna 2012, maererano nekuderera kweindasitiri yekuvaka yemuno neindasitiri yezvivakwa, kudiwa kwe ether yemhando ye cellulose mumusika wemuno hakuna kuchinja zvakanyanya. Zvikonzero zvikuru ndeizvi: 1. Huwandu hwese hweindasitiri yekuvaka yemuno neindasitiri yezvivakwa hwakakura, uye kudiwa kwese kwemusika kwakakura; musika mukuru wevatengi we ether yemhando ye cellulose iri kuwedzera zvishoma nezvishoma kubva munzvimbo dzakabudirira mune zvehupfumi uye maguta ekutanga neechipiri kusvika kumatunhu epakati neekumadokero nemaguta emhando yechitatu, mukana wekukura kwezvinodiwa zvemuno uye kuwedzera kwenzvimbo; 2. Chikamu che ether ye cellulose yakawedzerwa mumutengo wezvinhu zvekuvaka chakaderera, uye huwandu hunoshandiswa nemutengi mumwe chete hudiki, uye vatengi vakapararira, izvo zvinowanzo da kudiwa kwakasimba, uye kudiwa kwese mumusika wepasi kwakadzikama; 3. Kuchinja kwemutengo wemusika chinhu chakakosha chinokanganisa shanduko yechimiro chekudiwa kwe ether yemhando ye cellulose. Kubva mugore ra2012, mutengo wekutengesa we cellulose ether yezvinhu zvekuvaka wakadzikira zvakanyanya, izvo zvakakonzera kudzikira kukuru kwemutengo wezvigadzirwa zvepakati kusvika zvepamusoro, zvichikwezva vatengi vakawanda kuti vatenge uye vasarudze, zvichiwedzera kudiwa kwezvigadzirwa zvepakati kusvika zvepamusoro, uye zvichideredza kudiwa kwemusika nenzvimbo yemitengo yemamodheru akajairwa.
Kukura kweindasitiri yemishonga pamwe nekukura kweindasitiri yemishonga zvichakanganisa kudiwa kwemishonga yemhando ye cellulose ether. Kuvandudzwa kwemararamiro evanhu pamwe neindasitiri yezvekudya yakabudirira zvinobatsira kusimudzira kudiwa kwemusika kwemakemikari emhando ye cellulose ether.
4. Kukura kweCellulose Ether
Nekuda kwekusiyana kwemaumbirwo ekudiwa kwe cellulose ether pamusika, makambani ane simba rakasiyana uye kusasimba anogona kugara pamwe chete. Tichifunga nezvekusiyana kuri pachena kwemaumbirwo ekudiwa kwemusika, vagadziri ve cellulose ether vepamba vakatora nzira dzakasiyana dzemakwikwi zvichibva pasimba ravo, uye panguva imwe chete, vanofanirwa kunzwisisa mafambiro ekukura uye gwara remusika zvakanaka.
(1) Kuve nechokwadi chekuti mhando yechigadzirwa chakasimba kucharamba kuri chinhu chikuru chinokwikwidza mumakambani e ether e cellulose.
Cellulose ether ndiyo inonyanya kukosha pamari yekugadzira yemakambani mazhinji ari pasi peindasitiri iyi, asi ine simba guru pamhando yezvigadzirwa. Mapoka evatengi vepakati nepamusoro anofanira kuedza fomura vasati vashandisa imwe mhando ye cellulose ether. Mushure mekugadzira fomura yakagadzikana, hazviwanzo kuve nyore kutsiva mamwe marudzi ezvigadzirwa, uye panguva imwe chete, zvinodiwa zvakanyanya zvinoiswa pakugadzikana kwemhando ye cellulose ether. Chiitiko ichi chinonyanya kuzivikanwa muminda yepamusoro-soro yakadai sevagadziri vezvinhu zvekuvaka zvikuru kumba nekune dzimwe nyika, zvinhu zvinobatsira pamishonga, zvinowedzera chikafu, uye PVC. Kuti vawedzere kukwikwidzana kwezvigadzirwa, vagadziri vanofanirwa kuona kuti mhando nekugadzikana kwemhando dzakasiyana dze cellulose ether dzavanopa zvinogona kuchengetedzwa kwenguva yakareba, kuitira kuti vagadzire mukurumbira uri nani pamusika.
(2) Kuvandudza mwero wekushandiswa kwetekinoroji yechigadzirwa ndiko kutungamirirwa kwemakambani emumba e-cellulose ether.
Nekukura kuri kuita tekinoroji yekugadzira cellulose ether, hunyanzvi hwepamusoro hwekushandisa hunobatsira mukuvandudza makwikwi akazara emabhizinesi uye kuumbwa kwehukama hwakasimba nevatengi. Makambani anozivikanwa e cellulose ether munyika dzakabudirira anonyanya kushandisa nzira yekukwikwidzana "yekutarisana nevatengi vakuru vepamusoro + kugadzira mashandisirwo nekushandiswa kwepasi" kugadzira mashandisirwo nemafomura ekushandisa cellulose ether, uye kugadzirisa zvigadzirwa zvakasiyana-siyana zvichienderana neminda yakasiyana-siyana yekushandisa kuti zvive nyore kushandisa kwevatengi, uye kukura kudiwa kwemusika wepasi. Makwikwi emabhizinesi e cellulose ether munyika dzakabudirira abva pakupinda kwechigadzirwa kuenda kumakwikwi mumunda wetekinoroji yekushandisa.
Nguva yekutumira: Kukadzi-27-2023