Ana yin Cellulose ether (CelluloseEther) daga cellulose ta hanyar amsawar etherification na ɗaya ko fiye daga cikin wakilan etherification da niƙa busasshe. Dangane da tsarin sinadarai daban-daban na abubuwan maye gurbin ether, ana iya raba cellulose ethers zuwa anionic, cationic da nonionic ethers. Ionic cellulose ethers galibi sun haɗa da carboxymethyl cellulose ether (CMC); non-ionic cellulose ethers galibi sun haɗa da methyl cellulose ether (MC), hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose ether (HPMC) da hydroxyethyl cellulose ether. Chlorine ether (HC) da sauransu. Ana raba ethers marasa ionic zuwa ethers masu narkewa a ruwa da ethers masu narkewa a mai, kuma ethers marasa narkewa a ruwa galibi ana amfani da su a cikin kayayyakin turmi. A gaban ions na calcium, ionic cellulose ether ba shi da ƙarfi, don haka ba kasafai ake amfani da shi ba a cikin kayayyakin turmi masu gauraye waɗanda ke amfani da siminti, lemun tsami mai laushi, da sauransu a matsayin kayan siminti. Ana amfani da ethers masu narkewa a ruwa marasa ionic a masana'antar kayan gini saboda kwanciyar hankali da riƙe ruwa.
1. Halayen sinadarai na cellulose ether
Kowace cellulose ether tana da tsarin cellulose na asali - tsarin anhydroglucose. A yayin samar da cellulose ether, ana fara dumama zaren cellulose a cikin ruwan alkaline, sannan a yi masa magani da wani abu mai hana kumburi. Ana tsarkake samfurin amsawar fibrous kuma a niƙa shi don samar da foda iri ɗaya tare da ɗan laushi.
A cikin tsarin samar da MC, ana amfani da methyl chloride kawai a matsayin wakilin etherification; ban da methyl chloride, ana amfani da propylene oxide don samun ƙungiyoyin maye gurbin hydroxypropyl a cikin samar da HPMC. Kwayoyin cellulose daban-daban suna da bambancin rabon maye gurbin methyl da hydroxypropyl, wanda ke shafar daidaiton kwayoyin halitta da zafin zafin gelation na mafita na cellulose ether.
2. Yanayin amfani da cellulose ether
Cellulose ether wani polymer ne wanda ba na ionic ba, wanda yake narkewa cikin ruwa kuma yana narkewa cikin ruwa. Yana da tasiri daban-daban a masana'antu daban-daban. Misali, a cikin kayan gini na sinadarai, yana da tasirin haɗin gwiwa kamar haka:
①Alamar riƙe ruwa ②Mai kauri ③Gida mai daidaita ④Gidayar samar da fim ⑤Binder
A cikin masana'antar polyvinyl chloride, yana da emulsifier da kuma warwatsewa; a cikin masana'antar magunguna, yana da mannewa kuma yana da tsarin sakin abubuwa a hankali da kuma sarrafawa, da sauransu. Saboda cellulose yana da tasirin haɗaka iri-iri, aikace-aikacensa. Filin kuma shine mafi faɗi. Mai zuwa ya mayar da hankali kan amfani da aikin cellulose ether a cikin kayan gini daban-daban.
(1) A cikin fenti mai latex:
A masana'antar fenti mai latex, don zaɓar hydroxyethyl cellulose, ƙayyadaddun gabaɗaya na daidaiton danko shine RT30000-50000cps, wanda ya yi daidai da ƙayyadaddun HBR250, kuma yawan da aka ambata gabaɗaya shine kusan 1.5‰-2‰. Babban aikin hydroxyethyl a cikin fenti mai latex shine ya yi kauri, hana gelation na launin, taimakawa wajen watsawar launin, kwanciyar hankali na latex, da ƙara danko na abubuwan da ke ciki, wanda ke ba da gudummawa ga aikin daidaita ginin: Hydroxyethyl cellulose ya fi dacewa a yi amfani da shi. Ana iya narkar da shi a cikin ruwan sanyi da ruwan zafi, kuma ƙimar pH ba ta shafar shi ba. Ana iya amfani da shi da kwanciyar hankali lokacin da ƙimar PI take tsakanin 2 da 12. Hanyoyin amfani sune kamar haka: I. Ƙara Kai Tsaye a cikin samarwa: Don wannan hanyar, ya kamata a zaɓi nau'in hydroxyethyl cellulose da aka jinkirta, kuma ana amfani da hydroxyethyl cellulose tare da lokacin narkewa na fiye da mintuna 30. Matakan sune kamar haka: ① A saka shi a cikin akwati da aka sanya masa mai tayar da hankali. Ruwan tsarki mai yawa ②A fara juyawa akai-akai a ƙaramin gudu, kuma a lokaci guda a hankali a zuba hydroxyethyl a cikin ruwan daidai gwargwado ③A ci gaba da juyawa har sai dukkan kayan granular sun jike ④A ƙara wasu ƙarin abubuwa da ƙarin abubuwan alkaline, da sauransu. ⑤A juya har sai dukkan hydroxyethyl ya narke gaba ɗaya, sannan a ƙara wasu abubuwan a cikin dabarar, sannan a niƙa har sai samfurin ya ƙare. Ⅱ. A haɗa shi da ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai ƙarfi don amfani daga baya: Wannan hanyar za ta iya zaɓar cellulose nan take, wanda ke da tasirin hana mildew. Fa'idar wannan hanyar ita ce tana da sassauci sosai kuma ana iya ƙara ta kai tsaye zuwa fenti na latex. Hanyar shiri iri ɗaya ce da matakan ①-④. Ⅲ. A shirya porridge don amfani daga baya: Tunda sinadaran organic ba su da ƙarfi sosai (ba sa narkewa) don hydroxyethyl, ana iya amfani da waɗannan sinadaran don shirya porridge. Abubuwan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin sinadarai na halitta sune ruwayen halitta a cikin tsarin fenti na latex, kamar ethylene glycol, propylene glycol, da kuma abubuwan da ke samar da fim (kamar diethylene glycol butyl acetate). Ana iya ƙara porridge hydroxyethyl cellulose kai tsaye a cikin fenti. Ci gaba da juyawa har sai ya narke gaba ɗaya.
(2) A cikin gogewar bango:
A halin yanzu, a yawancin biranen ƙasarmu, putty mai jure wa ruwa da kuma jure wa muhalli ya samo asali ne daga mutane. Ana samar da shi ta hanyar acetal reaction na vinyl alcohol da formaldehyde. Saboda haka, mutane suna kawar da wannan abu a hankali, kuma ana amfani da samfuran cellulose ether don maye gurbin wannan abu. Wato, don haɓaka kayan gini masu kyau ga muhalli, cellulose a halin yanzu shine kawai kayan. A cikin putty mai jure wa ruwa, an raba shi zuwa nau'i biyu: busasshen foda putty da putty manna. Daga cikin waɗannan nau'ikan putty guda biyu, ya kamata a zaɓi methyl cellulose da hydroxypropyl methyl da aka gyara. Tsarin danko gabaɗaya yana tsakanin 30000-60000cps. Babban ayyukan cellulose a cikin putty sune riƙe ruwa, haɗawa da shafawa. Tunda dabarun putty na masana'antun daban-daban sun bambanta, wasu sune calcium launin toka, calcium mai sauƙi, siminti fari, da sauransu, wasu kuma sune foda gypsum, calcium mai launin toka, calcium mai sauƙi, da sauransu, don haka ƙayyadaddun bayanai, danko da shigar cellulose a cikin dabarun biyu suma sun bambanta. Adadin da aka ƙara ya kai kimanin 2‰-3‰. A cikin ginin gogewar bango, tunda saman bango yana da wani matakin sha ruwa (yawan sha na bangon tubali shine 13%, kuma ƙimar sha na siminti shine 3-5%), tare da ƙafewar duniyar waje, idan putty ya rasa ruwa da sauri, Zai haifar da tsagewa ko cire foda, wanda zai raunana ƙarfin putty. Saboda haka, ƙara cellulose ether zai magance wannan matsalar. Amma ingancin cikawa, musamman ingancin alli na toka shima yana da matuƙar mahimmanci. Saboda yawan danko na cellulose, ana kuma ƙara yawan buɗaɗɗen putty, kuma ana guje wa yanayin raguwa yayin gini, kuma yana da daɗi da kuma adana aiki bayan gogewa. Ya fi dacewa a ƙara cellulose ether a cikin foda putty. Samar da shi da amfaninsa sun fi dacewa. Ana iya haɗa cikawa da ƙari daidai gwargwado a cikin busasshen foda.
(3) Turmi siminti:
A cikin turmi na siminti, domin cimma ƙarfin da ya dace, dole ne a cika ruwa da siminti. Musamman a lokacin ginin bazara, turmi na siminti yana rasa ruwa da sauri, kuma ana amfani da ma'aunin cikakken ruwa don kiyayewa da yayyafa ruwa. Barnar albarkatu da rashin aiki mai kyau, mabuɗin shine cewa ruwan yana kan saman ne kawai, kuma ruwan da ke cikinsa har yanzu bai cika ba, don haka mafita ga wannan matsala ita ce a ƙara wakilai takwas masu riƙe ruwa a cikin simintin ...
(4) A cikin gyaran gypsum, gypsum mai ɗaurewa, gypsum mai ɗaurewa:
Tare da saurin ci gaban masana'antar gine-gine, buƙatar mutane na sabbin kayan gini yana ƙaruwa kowace rana. Saboda ƙaruwar wayar da kan mutane game da kariyar muhalli da ci gaba da inganta ingancin gini, kayayyakin gypsum na siminti sun bunƙasa cikin sauri. A halin yanzu, kayayyakin gypsum da aka fi sani sune gypsum na siminti, gypsum mai ɗaurewa, gypsum mai ɗaurewa, da manne na tayal. Gypsum na siminti abu ne mai inganci don bangon ciki da rufi. Fuskar bangon da aka yi da shi tana da kyau kuma mai santsi. Sabon manne na allon haske na gini abu ne mai mannewa da aka yi da gypsum a matsayin kayan tushe da ƙari daban-daban. Ya dace da haɗawa tsakanin kayan bangon gini daban-daban marasa tsari. Ba shi da guba, ba shi da wari, ƙarfi da wuri da saurin daidaitawa, haɗin gwiwa mai ƙarfi da sauran halaye, abu ne mai tallafi ga allunan gini da ginin tubali; wakilin gypsum na siminti shine cike gibin tsakanin allunan gypsum da kuma cikawa don gyara bango da fashe-fashe. Waɗannan samfuran gypsum suna da jerin ayyuka daban-daban. Baya ga rawar gypsum da abubuwan cikawa masu alaƙa, babban batun shine ƙarin abubuwan da aka ƙara na cellulose ether suna taka muhimmiyar rawa. Tunda gypsum ɗin ya rabu zuwa gypsum mai ruwa da kuma gypsum mai ruwa da ruwa, gypsum daban-daban yana da tasiri daban-daban akan aikin samfurin, don haka kauri, riƙe ruwa da kuma jinkirin da ke ƙayyade ingancin kayan gini na gypsum. Matsalar da aka saba fuskanta a waɗannan kayan ita ce rami da tsagewa, kuma ba za a iya cimma ƙarfin farko ba. Don magance wannan matsalar, ana zaɓar nau'in cellulose da hanyar amfani da mahaɗin na retarder. A wannan batun, gabaɗaya ana zaɓar methyl ko hydroxypropyl methyl 30000. -60000cps, adadin ƙari shine 1.5%–2%. Daga cikinsu, cellulose yana mai da hankali kan riƙe ruwa da kuma rage man shafawa. Duk da haka, ba zai yiwu a dogara da cellulose ether a matsayin retarder ba, kuma yana da mahimmanci a ƙara retarder citric acid don haɗawa da amfani ba tare da shafar ƙarfin farko ba. Rike ruwa gabaɗaya yana nufin adadin ruwa da za a rasa ta halitta ba tare da shan ruwa na waje ba. Idan bango ya bushe sosai, sha ruwa da ƙafewar halitta a saman tushe za su sa kayan su rasa ruwa da sauri, kuma ramuka da tsagewa suma za su faru. Wannan hanyar amfani an haɗa ta da busasshiyar foda. Idan ka shirya maganin, da fatan za a duba hanyar shirya maganin.
(5) Turmi mai hana zafi
Turmi mai rufi wani sabon nau'in kayan rufi ne na ciki a yankin arewa. Kayan bango ne da aka haɗa ta hanyar kayan rufi, turmi da kuma binder. A cikin wannan kayan, cellulose yana taka muhimmiyar rawa wajen haɗawa da ƙara ƙarfi. Gabaɗaya zaɓi methyl cellulose mai yawan danko (kimanin 10000eps), yawan da ake buƙata yawanci yana tsakanin 2‰-3‰), kuma hanyar amfani da shi ita ce haɗa busasshen foda.
(6) wakilin hulɗa
Zaɓi HPNC 20000cps don wakilin haɗin gwiwa, zaɓi 60000cps ko fiye don manne tayal, sannan ka mai da hankali kan mai kauri a cikin wakilin haɗin gwiwa, wanda zai iya inganta ƙarfin juriya da ƙarfin hana kibiya. Ana amfani da shi azaman wakili mai riƙe ruwa a cikin haɗa tayal don hana tayal bushewa da sauri da faɗuwa.
3. Yanayin sarkar masana'antu
(1) Masana'antar Sama
Manyan kayan da ake buƙata don samar da cellulose ether sun haɗa da auduga mai ladabi (ko ɓangaren itacen itace) da wasu sinadarai masu narkewa na sinadarai na yau da kullun, kamar propylene oxide, methyl chloride, liquid caustic soda, caustic soda, ethylene oxide, toluene da sauran kayan taimako. Kamfanonin masana'antu na sama na wannan masana'antar sun haɗa da auduga mai tsafta, kamfanonin samar da ɓangaren itacen itace da wasu kamfanonin sinadarai. Sauyin farashin manyan kayan da aka ambata a sama zai yi tasiri daban-daban kan farashin samarwa da farashin siyar da cellulose ether.
Kudin auduga mai tsafta yana da tsada sosai. Idan aka yi la'akari da cellulose ether mai ingancin kayan gini, a lokacin rahoton, farashin auduga mai tsafta ya kai kashi 31.74%, 28.50%, 26.59% da 26.90% na farashin sayar da cellulose ether mai ingancin kayan gini bi da bi. Sauyin farashi na auduga mai tsafta zai shafi farashin samar da cellulose ether. Babban kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da auduga mai tsafta shine auduga mai laushi. Layin auduga yana ɗaya daga cikin kayayyakin da ake samarwa a tsarin samar da auduga, galibi ana amfani da su wajen samar da auduga, auduga mai laushi, nitrocellulose da sauran kayayyaki. Darajar amfani da layin auduga da auduga sun bambanta sosai, kuma farashinsa a bayyane yake ƙasa da na auduga, amma yana da alaƙa da canjin farashi na auduga. Sauyin farashin layin auduga yana shafar farashin auduga mai tsafta.
Sauyin farashin auduga mai tsafta zai yi tasiri daban-daban kan yadda ake sarrafa farashin samarwa, farashin kayayyaki da kuma ribar kamfanoni a wannan masana'antar. Idan farashin auduga mai tsafta ya yi yawa kuma farashin audugar itace ya yi arha, don rage farashi, ana iya amfani da itacen a matsayin madadin auduga mai tsafta, musamman don samar da ƙwayoyin cellulose masu ƙarancin ɗanko kamar su ƙwayoyin cellulose na magunguna da na abinci. A cewar bayanai daga gidan yanar gizon Ofishin Kididdiga na Ƙasa, a cikin 2013, yankin da ake noma auduga a ƙasata ya kai hekta miliyan 4.35, kuma yawan audugar ƙasa ya kai tan miliyan 6.31. A cewar ƙididdiga daga Ƙungiyar Masana'antar Cellulose ta China, a cikin 2014, jimillar yawan auduga mai tsafta da manyan masana'antun auduga masu tsafta na cikin gida suka samar ya kai tan 332,000, kuma wadatar kayan aiki tana da yawa.
Manyan kayan da ake amfani da su wajen samar da kayan aikin sinadarai na graphite sune ƙarfe da carbon na graphite. Farashin ƙarfe da carbon na graphite suna da babban kaso na farashin samar da kayan aikin sinadarai na graphite. Sauyin farashin waɗannan kayan zai yi tasiri kan farashin samarwa da farashin siyarwa na kayan aikin sinadarai na graphite.
(2) Masana'antar cellulose ether ta ƙasa
A matsayinsa na "masana'antar monosodium glutamate", cellulose ether yana da ƙarancin adadin cellulose ether kuma yana da amfani iri-iri. Masana'antu na ƙasa suna warwatse a dukkan fannoni na rayuwa a cikin tattalin arzikin ƙasa.
Yawanci, masana'antar gine-gine da masana'antar gidaje za su yi tasiri kan ƙaruwar buƙatar cellulose ether mai daraja ta kayan gini. Lokacin da masana'antar gine-gine ta cikin gida da masana'antar gidaje ke ƙaruwa da sauri, buƙatar kasuwar cikin gida don cellulose ether mai daraja ta kayan gini yana ƙaruwa da sauri. Lokacin da ƙimar ci gaban masana'antar gine-gine ta cikin gida da masana'antar gidaje ke raguwa, ƙimar ci gaban buƙatar cellulose ether mai daraja ta kayan gini a kasuwar cikin gida zai ragu, wanda zai ƙara ƙarfafa gasa a cikin wannan masana'antar kuma ya hanzarta tsarin rayuwa mafi dacewa tsakanin kamfanoni a cikin wannan masana'antar.
Tun daga shekarar 2012, a cikin yanayin raguwar masana'antar gine-gine ta cikin gida da masana'antar gidaje, buƙatar cellulose ether mai daraja ta kayan gini a kasuwar cikin gida bai canza sosai ba. Manyan dalilan sune: 1. Girman masana'antar gine-gine ta cikin gida da masana'antar gidaje yana da yawa, kuma jimillar buƙatar kasuwa tana da yawa; babban kasuwar masu amfani da cellulose ether mai daraja ta kayan gini yana faɗaɗa a hankali daga yankunan da suka bunƙasa tattalin arziki da biranen mataki na farko da na biyu zuwa yankunan tsakiya da yamma da biranen mataki na uku, yuwuwar haɓakar buƙatun cikin gida da faɗaɗa sararin samaniya; 2. Kason cellulose ether da aka ƙara a cikin farashin kayan gini yana da ƙasa, kuma adadin da abokin ciniki ɗaya ke amfani da shi ƙanana ne, kuma abokan ciniki sun watse, wanda ke da saurin buƙatu, kuma jimillar buƙata a kasuwar ƙasa tana da daidaito sosai; 3. Canjin farashin kasuwa muhimmin abu ne da ke shafar canjin tsarin buƙata na cellulose ether mai daraja ta kayan gini. Tun daga shekarar 2012, farashin siyar da cellulose ether mai ingancin kayan gini ya ragu sosai, wanda ya haifar da raguwar farashin kayayyaki masu matsakaicin zuwa masu tsada, yana jawo hankalin ƙarin abokan ciniki don siye da zaɓa, yana ƙara buƙatar samfuran matsakaici zuwa masu tsada, da kuma rage buƙatar kasuwa da sararin farashi ga samfuran yau da kullun.
Matsayin ci gaban masana'antar magunguna da kuma ci gaban masana'antar magunguna zai shafi buƙatar cellulose ether mai darajar magunguna. Inganta rayuwar mutane da kuma ci gaban masana'antar abinci suna taimakawa wajen haifar da buƙatar kasuwa don cellulose ether mai darajar abinci.
4. Tsarin Ci gaban Cellulose Ether
Saboda bambancin tsarin da ake da shi a kasuwar siyar da sinadari mai suna cellulose ether, kamfanoni masu ƙarfi da rauni daban-daban na iya zama tare. Ganin bambancin tsarin da ake da shi a kasuwa, masana'antun sinadari mai suna cellulose ether na cikin gida sun ɗauki dabarun gasa daban-daban bisa ga ƙarfinsu, kuma a lokaci guda, dole ne su fahimci yanayin ci gaba da alkiblar kasuwa sosai.
(1) Tabbatar da daidaiton ingancin samfura zai kasance babban abin da zai zama babban abin da kamfanonin cellulose ether ke fafatawa da shi
Cellulose ether yana da ƙaramin kaso na farashin samarwa na yawancin kamfanonin da ke cikin wannan masana'antar, amma yana da babban tasiri ga ingancin samfura. Dole ne ƙungiyoyin abokan ciniki na matsakaici zuwa babba su yi gwaje-gwajen dabara kafin amfani da wani nau'in cellulose ether. Bayan ƙirƙirar dabara mai ƙarfi, yawanci ba abu ne mai sauƙi ba a maye gurbin wasu samfuran, kuma a lokaci guda, ana sanya manyan buƙatu akan ingancin cellulose ether. Wannan lamari ya fi bayyana a fannoni masu ƙarfi kamar manyan masana'antun kayan gini a gida da waje, abubuwan da ke ƙara wa magunguna, ƙarin abinci, da PVC. Domin inganta gasa na samfura, dole ne masana'antun su tabbatar da cewa inganci da kwanciyar hankali na nau'ikan cellulose ether daban-daban da suke samarwa za a iya kiyaye su na dogon lokaci, don samar da kyakkyawan suna a kasuwa.
(2) Inganta matakin fasahar aikace-aikacen samfura shine alkiblar ci gaban kamfanonin cellulose ether na cikin gida
Tare da fasahar samar da cellulose ether da ke ƙara girma, babban matakin fasahar aikace-aikace yana taimakawa wajen inganta gasa mai kyau tsakanin kamfanoni da kuma samar da dangantaka mai dorewa tsakanin abokan ciniki. Shahararrun kamfanonin cellulose ether a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba galibi suna ɗaukar dabarun gasa na "fuskantar manyan abokan ciniki masu inganci + haɓaka amfani da amfani da su a ƙasa" don haɓaka amfani da dabarun amfani da cellulose ether, da kuma tsara jerin samfura bisa ga fannoni daban-daban na aikace-aikacen don sauƙaƙe amfani da abokan ciniki, da kuma haɓaka buƙatun kasuwa a ƙasa. Gasar kamfanonin cellulose ether a ƙasashen da suka ci gaba ta koma daga shigar samfura zuwa gasa a fagen fasahar aikace-aikace.
Lokacin Saƙo: Fabrairu-27-2023