1 Intangiriro
Kole ishingiye kuri sima ni yo ikoreshwa cyane muri sima yihariye ivanze n’umusemburo, igizwe na sima nk’ikintu cy’ingenzi gitera sima kandi ikongerwamo ibintu byashyizwe mu byiciro, ibintu bifata amazi, ibintu bikomeza imbaraga kare, ifu ya latex n’ibindi bivange by’inyongera bikomoka ku bimera cyangwa ibidakomoka ku bimera. Muri rusange, ikenera kuvangwa n’amazi gusa iyo ikoreshejwe. Ugereranyije na sima isanzwe, ishobora kongera imbaraga zo guhuza hagati y’ibikoresho biri imbere n’umusemburo, kandi irwanya kunyerera neza kandi irwanya amazi n’amazi neza. Ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu gupfuka ibikoresho by’imitako nko mu nkuta z’imbere n’iz’inyuma, mu mabati yo hasi, nibindi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu nkuta z’imbere n’inyuma, hasi, mu bwiherero, mu gikoni no mu bindi bice by’imitako by’inyubako. Ubu ni yo ikoreshwa cyane mu gupfuka amabati.
Ubusanzwe iyo dusuzuma imikorere ya kole y'amatafari, ntitwita gusa ku mikorere yayo n'ubushobozi bwayo bwo kwirinda kunyerera, ahubwo tunata ku mbaraga zayo za mekanike n'igihe cyo kuyifungura. Eteri ya selulosi muri kole y'amatafari ntigira ingaruka gusa ku miterere ya rheological ya kole y'amatafari, nko gukora neza, icyuma gifata, nibindi, ahubwo inagira ingaruka zikomeye ku miterere ya kole y'amatafari.
2. Ingaruka ku gihe cyo gufungura kole y'amatafari
Iyo ifu ya rubber na ether ya cellulose bibaho muri mortilage itose, amwe mu makuru agaragaza ko ifu ya rubber ifite ingufu zikomeye zo kwihuza n'ibicuruzwa byo guhumeka sima, kandi ether ya cellulose iba iriho cyane mu mazi ari hagati y'amazi, ibyo bigira ingaruka ku buryo Mortar viscosity n'igihe cyo kuyishyiraho. Ubuso bwa ether ya cellulose buba buri hejuru kuruta ubwa rubber, kandi ko ether ya cellulose ikungahaye kuri mortilage izagira akamaro mu gushyiraho imigozi ya hydrogen hagati y'ubuso bw'ibanze na ether ya cellulose.
Muri morti yoroshye, amazi ari muri morti yoroshye arashira, hanyuma cellulose ether ikungahaye ku buso, kandi hazaba hari agahu ku buso bwa mortiyo mu minota 5, ibyo bikagabanya umuvuduko w’amazi ukurikiraho, kuko amazi menshi akurwaho muri mortiyo nini Igice cyayo cyimukira mu gice cy’urukuta rworoshye, kandi film yakozwe mu ntangiriro irashonga igice, kandi kwimuka kw’amazi bizana cellulose ether nyinshi ku buso bwa mortiyo.
Kubwibyo, imiterere ya firime ya eteri ya selulosi ku buso bwa morti bigira ingaruka zikomeye ku mikorere ya morti. 1) Filimi yakozwe ni nto cyane kandi izashonga kabiri, ibyo ntibishobora kugabanya imyuka y'amazi no kugabanya imbaraga. 2) Filimi yakozwe ni nini cyane, ubwinshi bwa eteri ya selulosi mu mazi ari hagati ya morti ni bwinshi, kandi ubukana ni bwinshi, bityo ntibyoroshye kumena firime yo hejuru iyo amatafari apfundikiwe. Bigaragara ko imiterere ya eteri ya selulosi ikora firime igira ingaruka zikomeye ku gihe cyo gufungura. Ubwoko bwa eteri ya selulosi (HPMC, HEMC, MC, nibindi) hamwe n'urwego rwa eteri (igipimo cyo gusimbuza) bigira ingaruka zitaziguye ku miterere ya eteri ya selulosi ikora firime, hamwe n'ubukana n'ubukomere bwa firime.
3. Ingaruka ku mbaraga zo gukurura
Uretse gutanga imitungo myiza yavuzwe haruguru kuri mortier, cellulose ether inatinza uburyo sima ikora. Iyi ngaruka yo kudindiza iterwa ahanini no kwinjiza kwa cellulose ether mu byiciro bitandukanye by'ubutare muri sisitemu ya sima, ariko muri rusange, bemeranywaho ko cellulose ether ahanini ishyirwa mu mazi nka CSH na calcium hydroxide. Ku bicuruzwa bya chimique, ntabwo ishyirwa mu gice cy'ubutare cya clinker. Byongeye kandi, cellulose ether igabanya kugenda kwa iyoni (Ca2+, SO42-, …) mu gisubizo cy'ubutare bitewe n'ubwiyongere bw'ubutare bw'ubutare, bityo bigatuma inzira yo guhumeka irushaho kudindira.
Ubucucike ni ikindi kintu cy'ingenzi, kigaragaza imiterere ya eteri ya selulosi. Nkuko byavuzwe haruguru, ubucucike bugira ingaruka cyane ku bushobozi bwo kubika amazi ndetse bukagira n'ingaruka zikomeye ku buryo sima nshya ikora. Ariko, ubushakashatsi bwagaragaje ko ubucucike bwa eteri ya selulosi nta ngaruka bugira ku buryo sima ikoresha amazi. Uburemere bwa molekile bugira ingaruka nke ku bucucike, kandi itandukaniro rinini hagati y'uburemere butandukanye bwa molekile ni iminota 10 gusa. Kubwibyo, uburemere bwa molekile si ikintu cy'ingenzi mu kugenzura ubucucike bwa sima.
Kugabanuka kwa eteri ya selulosi biterwa n'imiterere yayo ya shimi, kandi icyerekezo rusange cyagaragaje ko, kuri MHEC, uko urwego rwa methylation rurushaho kuba rwinshi, ari nako ingaruka za eteri ya selulosi zigabanuka. Byongeye kandi, ingaruka za nyuma zo gusimbuza amazi (nk'iyisimbura HEC) ziruta iz'iyisimbura amazi (nk'iyisimbura MH, MHEC, MHPC). Ingaruka za nyuma za eteri ya selulosi zigirwaho ingaruka cyane cyane n'ibipimo bibiri, ubwoko n'ingano y'amatsinda asimbuye.
Ubushakashatsi bwacu bwakozwe ku buryo busanzwe bwagaragaje ko ingano y’ibintu bisimbura imiterere y’amatafari bigira uruhare runini mu mbaraga z’amatafari. Twasuzumye imikorere ya HPMC hamwe n’uburyo butandukanye bwo gusimbuza amatafari, tunasuzuma ingaruka za ether za cellulose zirimo amatsinda atandukanye mu bihe bitandukanye byo gushya ku ngaruka ku miterere y’amatafari.
Mu igerageza, twatekereje kuri HPMC, ari yo eteri ivanze, bityo tugomba guhuza amashusho abiri. Kuri HPMC, ikeneye urwego runaka rwo kwinjiza kugira ngo amazi yayo ashobore gushonga no kohereza urumuri. Tuzi ingano y'ibintu bisimbura. Nanone igena ubushyuhe bwa gel bwa HPMC, ari nabyo bigena aho HPMC ikoreshwa. Muri ubu buryo, ingano y'itsinda rya HPMC isanzwe ikoreshwa nayo ishyirwa mu cyiciro runaka. Muri uru rwego, uburyo bwo guhuza methoxy na hydroxypropoxy Kugira ngo tugere ku ngaruka nziza ni ibikubiye mu bushakashatsi bwacu. Ishusho ya 2 igaragaza ko mu cyiciro runaka, kwiyongera kw'ingano y'itsinda rya methoxyl bizatuma imbaraga zo gusohora zigabanuka, mu gihe kwiyongera kw'ingano y'itsinda rya hydroxypropoxyl bizatuma imbaraga zo gusohora ziyongera. Hari ingaruka nk'izo ku masaha yo gufungura.
Impinduka mu mbaraga za mekanike mu gihe cyo gufungura irahuye n’iy’ubushyuhe busanzwe. HPMC ifite methoxyl (DS) nyinshi n’iy’ubushyuhe buke bwa hydroxypropoxyl (MS) ifite ubukana bwiza bwa firime, ariko izagira ingaruka ku miterere y’ibikoresho byo kunywesha.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Mutarama-09-2023