Zowonjezera zosinthidwa monga zowonjezera za mortar zosakanikirana kale, ma ether a cellulose, zowongolera zolumikizira, ufa wa latex wosungunukanso, zinthu zolowetsa mpweya, zinthu zoyambira mphamvu, zochepetsera madzi, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimawonjezedwa malinga ndi zosowa za polojekitiyi, zimathandizira kwambiri magwiridwe antchito a mortar zosakanikirana kale. Kapangidwe ka thupi ndi kamakina.
1. Chowonjezera cha matope osakaniza bwino
Chowonjezera cha anionic chomwe chili mu chowonjezera cha simenti chosakanikirana bwino mu projekitiyi chingapangitse tinthu ta simenti kufalikirana, kutulutsa madzi omasuka omwe ali mkati mwa simenti, kufalitsa mokwanira simenti yosakanikirana, ndikuyinyowetsa mokwanira kuti ipange kapangidwe kakang'ono ndikuwonjezera kuchuluka kwa simenti. Mphamvu, kukonza kusalowa madzi, kukana ming'alu komanso kulimba. Chowonjezera cha simenti chosakanikirana ndi chowonjezera cha simenti chosakanikirana bwino chimakhala chogwira ntchito bwino, chimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zosungira madzi, mphamvu yamphamvu yogwirizana, sichimayambitsa poizoni, sichivulaza, chimakhala chotetezeka komanso choteteza chilengedwe panthawi yogwira ntchito. Ndi choyenera kupanga matope wamba, matope, matope opukutidwa, ndi matope osalowa madzi m'mafakitale opangidwa kale. Chimagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga matabwa ndi kumanga njerwa zadothi za konkriti, njerwa za ceramsite, njerwa zopanda kanthu, mabuloko a konkriti, njerwa zosayaka m'nyumba zosiyanasiyana zamafakitale ndi zapakhomo. Kumanga matope amkati ndi akunja a khoma, matope a konkriti, kulinganiza pansi ndi denga, matope osalowa madzi, ndi zina zotero.
2. Cellulose ether
Mu matope osakaniza bwino, cellulose ether ndi chowonjezera chachikulu chomwe chingathandize kwambiri ntchito ya matope onyowa ndikukhudza ntchito yomanga matope. Kusankha bwino ma cellulose ether amitundu yosiyanasiyana, kukhuthala kosiyana, kukula kwa tinthu tosiyanasiyana, madigiri osiyanasiyana a kukhuthala ndi kuchuluka kowonjezera kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zabwino pakusintha kwa ntchito ya matope ouma.
Kupanga kwa cellulose ether kumapangidwa makamaka ndi ulusi wachilengedwe kudzera mu kusungunuka kwa alkali, kusakaniza (etherification), kutsuka, kuumitsa, kumizidwa ndi njira zina. Pakupanga zipangizo zomangira, makamaka matope ouma, cellulose ether imagwira ntchito yosasinthika, makamaka pakupanga matope apadera (matope osinthidwa), ndi gawo lofunika kwambiri komanso lofunika kwambiri. Cellulose ether imagwira ntchito yosunga madzi, kukhuthala, kuchedwetsa mphamvu ya madzi a simenti, komanso kukonza magwiridwe antchito omanga. Mphamvu yabwino yosunga madzi imapangitsa madzi a simenti kukhala okwanira, kungathandize kukhuthala konyowa kwa matope onyowa, kuwonjezera mphamvu yomangirira ya matope, ndikusintha nthawi. Kuwonjezera cellulose ether ku matope opopera makina kungathandize kukonza kupopera kapena kupopera komanso mphamvu ya kapangidwe ka matope. Chifukwa chake, cellulose ether ikugwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chowonjezera chofunikira mu matope osakaniza okonzeka. Ma cellulose ether omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope osakaniza okonzeka makamaka ndi methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether ndi methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether., amakhala ndi gawo loposa 90% la gawo la msika.
3. Ufa wa latex wotha kusungunukanso
Ufa wa latex wosungunukanso ndi utomoni wa thermoplastic womwe umapezeka poumitsa ndi kupopera ndi kukonza emulsion ya polima. Umagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka popanga zinthu, makamaka matope ouma kuti awonjezere mgwirizano, mgwirizano, komanso kusinthasintha.
Ntchito ya ufa wa latex wosungunuka mu matope: ufa wa latex wosungunuka umapanga filimu pambuyo posungunuka ndipo umagwira ntchito ngati guluu wachiwiri kuti uwonjezere kumamatira; colloid yoteteza imatengedwa ndi dongosolo la matope ndipo sidzawonongeka ndi madzi pambuyo popangidwa filimu Kapena kufalikira kawiri; utomoni wa polymer wopangidwa ndi filimu umagawidwa mu dongosolo lonse la matope ngati chinthu cholimbitsa, motero kumawonjezera mgwirizano wa matope.
Ufa wa latex womwe umasungunukanso mu matope onyowa ukhoza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito yomanga, kupititsa patsogolo kuyenda kwa madzi, kuonjezera kukana kwa thixotropy ndi sag, kupititsa patsogolo mgwirizano, kutalikitsa nthawi yotseguka, kuwonjezera kusunga madzi, ndi zina zotero. Pambuyo poti matopewo akonzedwa, amatha kupititsa patsogolo mphamvu yokoka. Mphamvu yokoka, kulimbitsa mphamvu yokoka, kuchepetsa kusinthasintha kwa elasticity, kusinthasintha kwa kapangidwe kake, kukhuthala kwa zinthu, kukana kutopa, kulimbitsa mphamvu yokoka, kuchepetsa kuya kwa carbonization, kuchepetsa kuyamwa kwa madzi kwa zinthuzo, ndikupangitsa kuti zinthuzo zikhale ndi mphamvu yabwino yopewera madzi. Zotsatira zake ndi madzi ndi zina.
4. Chothandizira kupumira mpweya
Wothandizira mpweya, yemwe amadziwikanso kuti wothandizira mpweya, amatanthauza kuyambitsa ma thovu ang'onoang'ono ambiri omwe amagawidwa mofanana panthawi yosakaniza matope, zomwe zingachepetse mphamvu ya madzi pamwamba pa matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti madzi azifalikira bwino komanso kuti asakanizidwe bwino. Kutulutsa magazi, kusiyanitsa zowonjezera. Kuphatikiza apo, kuyambitsa thovu la mpweya wabwino komanso wokhazikika kumathandiziranso magwiridwe antchito omanga. Kuchuluka kwa mpweya womwe umabwera kumadalira mtundu wa matope ndi zida zosakaniza zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito.
Ngakhale kuchuluka kwa chothandizira cholowetsa mpweya ndi kochepa kwambiri, chothandizira cholowetsa mpweya chimakhala ndi mphamvu yayikulu pakugwira ntchito kwa chosakaniza chokonzeka, chomwe chingathandize bwino kugwira ntchito kwa chosakaniza chokonzeka, kukonza kusalowerera ndi kukana chisanu kwa chosakaniza, ndikuchepetsa kuchuluka kwa chosakaniza, kusunga zipangizo ndikuwonjezera malo omanga, koma kuwonjezera chothandizira cholowetsa mpweya kudzachepetsa mphamvu ya chosakaniza, makamaka chosakaniza chopanikizika. Mphamvu yolumikizana kuti mudziwe mlingo woyenera.
5. Mphamvu yoyambirira
Chowonjezera mphamvu yoyambirira ndi chowonjezera chomwe chingafulumizitse kukula kwa mphamvu yoyambirira ya matope, ambiri mwa iwo ndi ma electrolyte osapangidwa, ndipo ochepa ndi mankhwala achilengedwe.
Cholimbikitsira cha matope osakaniza bwino chimayenera kukhala chaufa komanso chouma. Calcium formate ndiye chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mu matope osakaniza bwino. Calcium formate imatha kulimbitsa mphamvu ya matope oyambirira, ndikufulumizitsa kuchuluka kwa madzi mu tricalcium silicate, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa madzi pang'ono. Kuphatikiza apo, mawonekedwe a calcium formate ndi okhazikika kutentha kwa chipinda. Sikophweka kusonkhana ndipo ndi yoyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope ouma.
6. Chochepetsera madzi
Chochepetsera madzi chimatanthauza chowonjezera chomwe chingachepetse kuchuluka kwa madzi osakaniza ngati matopewo akupitirizabe kukhala ofanana. Chochepetsera madzi nthawi zambiri chimakhala chopangira madzi, chomwe chingagawidwe m'magulu awiri: zochepetsera madzi wamba, zochepetsera madzi mwachangu, zochepetsera madzi oyambirira, zochepetsera madzi pang'onopang'ono, zochepetsera madzi pang'onopang'ono komanso zochepetsera madzi zomwe zimayambitsidwa malinga ndi ntchito zawo.
Chochepetsera madzi chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matope osakaniza kale chimayenera kukhala chaufa komanso chouma. Chochepetsera madzi choterechi chikhoza kufalikira mofanana mu matope osakaniza kale popanda kuchepetsa nthawi yogwiritsira ntchito matope osakaniza kale. Pakadali pano, kugwiritsa ntchito chochepetsera madzi mu matope osakaniza kale nthawi zambiri kumachitika mu simenti yokha, gypsum yokha, plastering, matope osalowa madzi, putty, ndi zina zotero. Kusankha chochepetsera madzi kumadalira zipangizo zosiyanasiyana ndi makhalidwe osiyanasiyana a matope. Sankhani.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-10-2023