Ko ngā tāpiringa kua whakarerekētia pērā i ngā tāpiringa moata kua oti te whakaranu, ngā etera cellulose, ngā kaiwhakahaere totoka, te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō, ngā kaihoko whakauru hau, ngā kaihoko kaha wawe, ngā whakaiti wai, me ētahi atu, e tāpirihia ana i runga i ngā hiahia o te kaupapa, ka tino whakapai ake i te mahi a ngā moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana me ngā āhuatanga ā-mīhini.
1. Tāpiri moata kua oti te whakaranu
Ka taea e te matū horoi anionic kei roto i te tāpiri moata kua oti te whakaranu i roto i te kaupapa te whakamarara i ngā matūriki sima tetahi ki tetahi, te tuku i te wai kore utu kua kapihia e te ranunga sima, te horapa katoa i te papatipu sima kua whakakotahi, me te whakamakuku katoa kia tutuki ai he hanganga kiato me te whakanui ake i te kiato o te moata. Kaha, whakapai ake i te ātete ki te uru, te ātete ki te pakaru me te roa. He pai te mahi a te moata kua konatunatua ki ngā tāpiri moata kua oti te whakaranu, he tere pupuri wai teitei, he kaha piri kaha, kāore e paitini, kāore he kino, he haumaru me te hoa taiao i te wā e whakamahia ana. He pai mō te hanga pereki noa, te parai, te whenua, me te moata ā-wai i roto i ngā wheketere moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ka whakamahia mō te mahi pereki me te hanga pereki uku raima, pereki ceramsite, pereki tuwhera, poraka raima, pereki kāore i tahuna i roto i ngā whare ahumahi me ngā whare ā-iwi. Te hanga parai pakitara o roto me waho, parai pakitara raima, whakataurite papa me te tuanui, parai ā-wai, me ētahi atu.
2. Te etera cellulose
I roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ko te cellulose ether te tāpiri matua ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata mākū, me te pā ki te mahi hanga o te moata. Mā te whiriwhiri tika i ngā cellulose ether o ngā momo rerekē, ngā matotoru rerekē, ngā rahi matūriki rerekē, ngā nekehanga matotoru rerekē me ngā rahinga tāpiri ka pā pai ki te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata paura maroke.
Ko te hanga o te cellulose ether he mea hanga nui mai i ngā muka taiao mā te whakarewatanga kawakore, te tauhohenga honohono (etherification), te horoi, te whakamaroke, te ruku me ētahi atu tukanga. I roto i te hanga rauemi hanga, inā koa ko te moata paura maroke, he mahi nui te cellulose ether, inā koa i roto i te hanga moata motuhake (moata whakarerekētia), he wāhanga nui, he mea nui hoki. Ko te cellulose ether he pupuri wai, he whakamātotoru, he whakaroa i te kaha whakamakuku sima, me te whakapai ake i te mahi hanga. Mā te kaha pupuri wai pai ka tino oti te whakamakuku sima, ka taea te whakapai ake i te matotoru mākū o te moata mākū, te whakanui ake i te kaha here o te moata, me te whakatika i te wā. Mā te tāpiri i te cellulose ether ki te moata rehu miihini ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi rehu, te papu rānei me te kaha hanganga o te moata. Nō reira, kei te whakamahia whānuitia te cellulose ether hei tāpiri nui i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ko ngā cellulose ether e whakamahia ana i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu ko te methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ether me te methyl hydroxypropyl cellulose ether. , neke atu i te 90% o te hea mākete e nohoia ana e rātou.
3. Paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō
Ko te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō he kapia kirihou wera paura i whiwhihia mā te whakamaroke rehu me te tukatuka i muri mai o te whakamomona polymer. E whakamahia ana i roto i te hanga, inā koa te moata paura maroke hei whakanui ake i te piripono, te aukume me te ngāwari.
Te tūranga o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara i roto i te moata: ka hangaia he kiriata e te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara i muri i te whakamararatanga, ā, ka mahi hei piripiri tuarua hei whakarei ake i te piri; ka mimitihia te colloid tiaki e te pūnaha moata, ā, e kore e whakangaromia e te wai i muri i te hanganga kiriata, i ngā whakamararatanga e rua rānei; ka tohatohahia te kapia polymer hanga-kiriata puta noa i te pūnaha moata hei rauemi whakapakari, ā, ka whakanui ake i te piri o te moata.
Ka taea e te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō i roto i te moata mākū te whakapai ake i te mahi hanga, te whakapai ake i te rere o te wai, te whakanui ake i te ātete ki te thixotropy me te totoro, te whakapai ake i te piripono, te whakaroa i te wā tuwhera, te whakanui ake i te pupuri wai, me ētahi atu. I muri i te whakamaroketanga o te moata, ka taea te whakapai ake i te kaha kume. Ka taea e te kaha kume, te whakanui ake i te kaha piko, te whakaiti i te modulus elastic, te whakapai ake i te deformability, te whakanui ake i te kiato o te rauemi, te whakapai ake i te ātete kakahu, te whakapai ake i te kaha piripono, te whakaiti i te hohonutanga waro, te whakaiti i te mimiti wai o te rauemi, ā, ka pai ake te ātete wai o te rauemi. He pānga wai-pūmau me ētahi atu.
4. Kaihoko whakauru hau
Ko te kaiāwhina whakauru-hau, e mōhiotia ana ko te kaiāwhina whakauru-hau, e pā ana ki te whakaurunga o te maha o ngā mirumiru moroiti kua tohatohahia i te wā o te tukanga whakaranu moata, ka taea te whakaiti i te taumahatanga o te mata o te wai i roto i te moata, ka hua ake he pai ake te horapa me te whakaiti i te ranunga moata. Te whakaheke toto, te wehewehe i ngā tāpiringa. Hei tāpiri, mā te whakaurunga o ngā mirumiru hau pai me te pumau ka whakapai ake i te mahi hanga. Ko te nui o te hau e whakaurua ana ka whakawhirinaki ki te momo moata me te taputapu whakaranu e whakamahia ana.
Ahakoa he iti noa te nui o te kaiāwhina whakauru hau, he nui te awe o te kaiāwhina whakauru hau ki te mahi a te moata kua oti te whakaranu, ka taea te whakapai ake i te mahi a te moata kua oti te whakaranu, te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te huka me te ātete ki te huka, me te whakaiti i te mātotoru o te moata, te whakaora rauemi me te whakanui ake i te wāhi hanga. Engari mā te tāpiri i te kaiāwhina whakauru hau ka whakaiti i te kaha o te moata, inā koa te moata pēhi. Ko te kaha o te hononga hei whakatau i te horopeta tino pai.
5. Kaihoko kaha wawe
He tāpiri te kaiāwhina kaha wawe e taea ai te whakateretere i te whanaketanga o te kaha wawe o te moata, ko te nuinga he irahiko kore-waro, ā, ko ētahi he matū waro.
Me paura, me maroke hoki te whakateretere mō te moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ko te konupūmā formate te mea e whakamahia whānuitia ana i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ka taea e te konupūmā formate te whakapai ake i te kaha o te moata, me te whakateretere i te whakamakuku o te tricalcium silicate, ka taea ai te whakaiti i te wai ki tētahi taumata. Heoi anō, he pumau ngā āhuatanga ā-tinana o te konupūmā formate i te pāmahana rūma. Ehara i te mea ngāwari ki te whakakotahi, ā, he pai ake mō te whakamahi i roto i te moata paura maroke.
6. Whakaiti wai
Ko te kaiāwhina whakaiti wai e pā ana ki te tāpiri ka taea te whakaiti i te nui o te wai e whakaranua ana i raro i te tikanga kia rite tonu te matotoru o te moata. Ko te kaiāwhina whakaiti wai he matū horoi i te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai noa, ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai tino whai hua, ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai kaha wawe, ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai puhoi, ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai tino whai hua puhoi me ngā kaiāwhina whakaiti wai whakaoho i runga i ā rātou mahi.
Me paura, me maroke hoki te whakaiti wai e whakamahia ana mō te moata kua oti te whakaranu. Ka taea te tohatoha ōrite i tēnei whakaiti wai ki roto i te moata paura maroke, engari kāore e whakaiti i te roa o te ora o te moata kua oti te whakaranu. I tēnei wā, ko te whakamahinga o te matū whakaiti wai i roto i te moata kua oti te whakaranu ko te nuinga o te wā i roto i te whakataurite-ake o te sima, te whakataurite-ake o te gypsum, te moata parai, te moata ātete-wai, te putty, me ētahi atu. Ko te whiriwhiri i te matū whakaiti wai e whakawhirinaki ana ki ngā rauemi mata me ngā āhuatanga moata rerekē. Kōwhiria.
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-10-2023