Ukwakheka kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo

Kunezinhlobo eziningi zezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo, kodwa ukwakheka kwazo okuyisisekelo akunamehluko omkhulu, ikakhulukazi kwakhiwe ushukela kanye nokungabi ushukela.

Izinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo ezahlukene zinokuqukethwe okuhlukile kwengxenye ngayinye. Okulandelayo kwethula kafushane izingxenye ezintathu eziyinhloko zezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo:

I-ether ye-cellulose, i-lignin kanye ne-hemicellulose.

1.3 Ukwakheka okuyisisekelo kwezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo

1.3.1.1 I-Cellulose

I-Cellulose iyi-polysaccharide enkulu eyakhiwe yi-D-glucose enezibopho ze-β-1,4 glycosidic. Iyona endala futhi eningi kakhulu emhlabeni.

I-polymer yemvelo. Isakhiwo sayo samakhemikhali sivame ukumelwa yifomula yesakhiwo saseHaworth kanye nefomula yesakhiwo sokwakheka kwesihlalo, lapho i-n iyizinga le-polysaccharide polymerization.

I-Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan

arabinoxylan

i-glucuronide xylan

i-glucuronide arabinoxylan

i-glucomannan

I-Galactoglucomannan

i-arabinogalactan

Isitashi, i-pectin kanye noshukela oncibilikayo

izingxenye ezingezona ama-carbohydrate

i-lignin

Ama-Lipid akhishwayo, ama-Lignol, ama-Nitrogenous Compounds, ama-Inorganic Compounds

I-Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Ama-Terpenes, ama-resin acid, ama-fatty acid, ama-sterol, ama-aromatic compounds, ama-tannins

izinto zesitshalo

1.4 Isakhiwo samakhemikhali se-cellulose

1.3.1.2 I-Lignin

Iyunithi eyisisekelo ye-lignin yi-phenylpropane, exhunywe ngamabhondi e-CC namabhondi e-ether.

uhlobo lwe-polymer. Esakhiweni sesitshalo, ungqimba oluphakathi kwamaseli luqukethe i-lignin eningi kakhulu,

Okuqukethwe kwangaphakathi kweseli kwehlile, kodwa okuqukethwe kwe-lignin kwanda engxenyeni engaphakathi yodonga lwesibili. Njengento ephakathi kweseli, i-lignin kanye ne-hemifibrils

Ndawonye zigcwalisa phakathi kwemicu emincane yodonga lweseli, ngaleyo ndlela ziqinisa udonga lweseli lwezicubu zesitshalo.

1.5 Ama-monomer esakhiwo se-Lignin, ngokulandelana: i-p-hydroxyphenylpropane, i-guaiacyl propane, i-syringyl propane kanye ne-coniferyl alcohol

1.3.1.3 I-Hemicellulose

Ngokungafani ne-lignin, i-hemicellulose iyi-heteropolymer eyakhiwe ngezinhlobo eziningana ezahlukene zama-monosaccharides. Ngokusho kwalokhu

Izinhlobo zikashukela kanye nokuba khona noma ukungabikho kwamaqembu e-acyl kungahlukaniswa kube yi-glucomannan, i-arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,

I-Galactosyl glucomannan, i-4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, i-arabinosyl galactan, njll. ku,

Amaphesenti angamashumi amahlanu ezicubu zokhuni yi-xylan, ephezu kwe-cellulose microfibrils futhi exhunywe nemicu.

Zakha inethiwekhi yamaseli axhumene kakhulu.

1.4 Inhloso yocwaningo, ukubaluleka kanye nokuqukethwe okuyinhloko kwalesi sihloko

1.4.1 Inhloso nokubaluleka kocwaningo

Inhloso yalolu cwaningo ukukhetha izinhlobo ezintathu ezimele ngokuhlaziya izingxenye zezinye izinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo.

I-cellulose ikhishwa ezintweni zezitshalo. Khetha i-etherifying agent efanele, bese usebenzisa i-cellulose ekhishwe ukuze ufake esikhundleni sekotini ezoshintshwa ukuze ilungiswe futhi ilungiswe ukuze kulungiselelwe i-fiber.

I-Vitamin ether. I-cellulose ether elungisiwe yasetshenziswa ekuphrinteni ngodayi osabelayo, futhi ekugcineni imiphumela yokuphrinta yaqhathaniswa ukuze kutholakale okwengeziwe.

Ama-ether e-cellulose ama-paste okuphrinta udayi asebenzayo.

Okokuqala, ucwaningo lwalesi sihloko luxazulule inkinga yokusetshenziswa kabusha kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo kwemfucuza yezinto zokusetshenziswa kwezitshalo ngezinga elithile.

Ngesikhathi esifanayo, kunezelwa indlela entsha emthonjeni we-cellulose. Okwesibili, i-sodium chloroacetate engenabo ubuthi kanye ne-2-chloroethanol kusetshenziswa njengezinto eziqinisayo,

Esikhundleni se-chloroacetic acid enobuthi obukhulu, kwalungiswa i-cellulose ether futhi yafakwa ku-paste yokunyathelisa udayi ophendulayo wendwangu kakotini, kanye ne-sodium alginate.

Ucwaningo mayelana nezithako ezisetshenziswa esikhundleni sazo lunesiqondiso esithile, futhi lunokubaluleka okukhulu okusebenzayo kanye nenani lokubhekisela.

I-Fiber Wall Lignin Encibilikisiwe I-Lignin Ama-Macromolecule Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Okuqukethwe kocwaningo

1.4.2.1 Ukukhishwa kwe-cellulose ezintweni zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo

Okokuqala, izingxenye zezinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo ziyalinganiswa futhi zihlaziywe, bese kukhethwa izinto zokusetshenziswa zezitshalo ezintathu ezimele ukukhipha i-fiber.

Amavithamini. Ngemuva kwalokho, inqubo yokukhipha i-cellulose yathuthukiswa ngokwelashwa okuphelele kwe-alkali ne-asidi. Ekugcineni, i-UV

I-spectroscopy yokumunca, i-FTIR kanye ne-XRD zisetshenziswe ukuhlanganisa imikhiqizo.

1.4.2.2 Ukulungiswa kwama-ether e-cellulose

Kusetshenziswa i-pine wood cellulose njengezinto zokusetshenziswa, yaphathwa kusengaphambili nge-alkali egxilile, kwabe sekusetshenziswa ukuhlolwa kwe-orthogonal kanye nokuhlolwa kwe-single factor,

Izinqubo zokulungiselelaI-CMC, I-HECkanye ne-HECMC kwenziwe ngcono ngokulandelana.

Ama-ether e-cellulose alungisiwe abonakala nge-FTIR, H-NMR kanye ne-XRD.

1.4.2.3 Ukusetshenziswa kwe-cellulose ether paste

Kwasetshenziswa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kanye ne-sodium alginate njenge-paste yokuqala, kanti izinga lokwakheka kwe-paste, amandla okugcina amanzi kanye nokuhambisana kwamakhemikhali kwama-paste okuqala kwahlolwa.

Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zama-paste amane okuqala zaqhathaniswa maqondana nezakhiwo kanye nokuqina kwesitoreji.

Usebenzisa izinhlobo ezintathu ze-cellulose ethers kanye ne-sodium alginate njenge-paste yokuqala, lungiselela ukunamathisela kombala wokuphrinta, wenze ukuphrinta kodayi okusabelayo, udlule ithebula lokuhlola.

Ukuqhathanisa okuthathuama-ether e-cellulose futhi

Izakhiwo zokuphrinta ze-sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Amaphuzu ocwaningo lokusungula izinto ezintsha

(1) Ukuguqula imfucuza ibe yingcebo, ukukhipha i-cellulose ehlanzekile kakhulu emfucumfucwini yezitshalo, okwengeza emthonjeni we-cellulose

Indlela entsha, futhi ngesikhathi esifanayo, ngezinga elithile, ixazulula inkinga yokusetshenziswa kabusha kwezinto zokusetshenziswa kwemfucuza yezitshalo kanye nokungcoliswa kwemvelo; futhi ithuthukisa i-fiber

Indlela yokukhipha.

(2) Ukuhlolwa kanye nezinga lokufakwa esikhundleni kwama-ejenti e-cellulose etherifying, ama-ejenti e-etherifying asetshenziswa kakhulu njenge-chloroacetic acid (enobuthi kakhulu), i-ethylene oxide (ebangela

Umdlavuza), njll., kuyingozi kakhulu emzimbeni womuntu kanye nasemvelweni. Kuleli phepha, i-sodium chloroacetate enobungani nemvelo kanye ne-2-chloroethanol kusetshenziswa njengezinto ezibangela i-etherification.

Esikhundleni se-chloroacetic acid kanye ne-ethylene oxide, kulungiswa ama-cellulose ethers. (3) I-cellulose ether etholakala isetshenziswa ekuphrinteni kwedayi ephendulayo yendwangu kakotini, okunikeza isisekelo esithile socwaningo lwezinto ezithatha indawo ye-sodium alginate.

Bukela ku.