Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag

Muaj ntau hom khoom siv cog qoob loo, tab sis lawv cov khoom xyaw yooj yim tsis muaj qhov sib txawv, feem ntau yog cov suab thaj thiab cov uas tsis yog suab thaj.

Cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag sib txawv muaj cov ntsiab lus sib txawv ntawm txhua yam khoom. Cov hauv qab no qhia luv luv txog peb yam khoom tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag:

Cellulose ether, lignin thiab hemicellulose.

1.3 Cov khoom xyaw tseem ceeb ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm tsob ntoo

1.3.1.1 Cellulose

Cellulose yog ib qho polysaccharide macromolecular uas muaj D-glucose nrog β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Nws yog qhov qub tshaj plaws thiab muaj ntau tshaj plaws hauv ntiaj teb.

Cov polymer ntuj. Nws cov qauv tshuaj feem ntau yog sawv cev los ntawm Haworth cov qauv mis thiab cov qauv mis ntawm lub rooj zaum, qhov twg n yog qib ntawm polysaccharide polymerization.

Xylan Cellulose Carbohydrate

arabinoxylan

glucuronide xylan

glucuronide arabinoxylan

glucomannan

Galactoglucomannan

arabinogalactan

Hmoov txhuv nplej siab, pectin thiab lwm yam suab thaj uas yaj tau

cov khoom tsis yog carbohydrate

lignin

Cov Lipids, Lignols, Nitrogenous Compounds, Inorganic Compounds Extract

Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Terpenes, resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, aromatic compounds, tannins

cov khoom siv cog

1.4 Cov qauv tshuaj ntawm cellulose

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Lub hauv paus ntawm lignin yog phenylpropane, uas tom qab ntawd txuas nrog los ntawm CC bonds thiab ether bonds.

hom polymer. Hauv cov qauv cog, cov txheej intercellular muaj cov lignin feem ntau,

Cov ntsiab lus sab hauv lub hlwb tau txo qis, tab sis cov ntsiab lus lignin tau nce ntxiv hauv txheej sab hauv ntawm phab ntsa thib ob. Raws li cov tshuaj intercellular, lignin thiab hemifibrils

Ua ke lawv sau rau ntawm cov fibers zoo ntawm phab ntsa cell, yog li ntawd txhawb nqa phab ntsa cell ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

1.5 Lignin structural monomers, raws li kev txiav txim: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane thiab coniferyl alcohol

1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose

Tsis zoo li lignin, hemicellulose yog ib qho heteropolymer uas muaj ntau hom monosaccharides sib txawv. Raws li cov no

Cov hom suab thaj thiab qhov muaj lossis tsis muaj cov pab pawg acyl tuaj yeem muab faib ua glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,

Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, thiab lwm yam hauv,

Tsib caug feem pua ​​ntawm cov ntaub ntoo yog xylan, uas nyob rau ntawm qhov chaw ntawm cellulose microfibrils thiab sib txuas nrog cov fibers.

Lawv tsim ib lub network ntawm cov cell uas txuas nrog ruaj khov dua.

1.4 Lub hom phiaj tshawb fawb, qhov tseem ceeb thiab cov ntsiab lus tseem ceeb ntawm cov ncauj lus no

1.4.1 Lub hom phiaj thiab qhov tseem ceeb ntawm kev tshawb fawb

Lub hom phiaj ntawm kev tshawb fawb no yog xaiv peb hom tsiaj sawv cev los ntawm kev tshuaj xyuas cov khoom xyaw ntawm qee cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag.

Cellulose yog rho tawm los ntawm cov nroj tsuag. Xaiv cov neeg sawv cev etherifying tsim nyog, thiab siv cov cellulose uas rho tawm los hloov cov paj rwb uas yuav tsum tau etherified thiab hloov kho kom npaj cov fiber.

Vitamin ether. Cov cellulose ether uas tau npaj tseg tau siv rau kev luam ntawv xim reactive, thiab thaum kawg cov teebmeem luam ntawv tau muab piv rau kom paub ntau ntxiv

Cellulose ethers rau cov tshuaj pleev xim luam ntawv reactive.

Ua ntej tshaj plaws, kev tshawb fawb ntawm cov ncauj lus no tau daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv dua thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig ntawm cov khoom siv cog qoob loo pov tseg rau qee qhov.

Tib lub sijhawm, ib txoj hauv kev tshiab raug ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm cellulose. Qhov thib ob, cov tshuaj lom tsawg dua sodium chloroacetate thiab 2-chloroethanol yog siv los ua cov neeg sawv cev etherifying,

Es tsis txhob siv cov tshuaj chloroacetic acid uas muaj tshuaj lom heev, cellulose ether tau npaj thiab siv rau cov paj rwb ntaub uas muaj cov xim pleev xim rau luam ntawv, thiab sodium alginate.

Cov kev tshawb fawb txog cov khoom hloov pauv muaj qee qib kev taw qhia, thiab kuj muaj lub ntsiab lus tseem ceeb thiab tus nqi siv rau kev siv.

Phab ntsa fiber Lignin yaj Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Cov ntsiab lus tshawb fawb

1.4.2.1 Kev rho tawm cellulose los ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm tsob ntoo

Ua ntej, cov khoom ntawm cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag raug ntsuas thiab tshuaj xyuas, thiab peb cov khoom siv raw ntawm cov nroj tsuag raug xaiv los rho tawm cov fiber.

Cov vitamins. Tom qab ntawd, cov txheej txheem ntawm kev rho tawm cellulose tau ua kom zoo dua los ntawm kev kho mob alkali thiab acid. Thaum kawg, UV

Kev ntsuas qhov nqus, FTIR thiab XRD tau siv los sib piv cov khoom.

1.4.2.2 Kev npaj cov cellulose ethers

Siv cov cellulose ntoo thuv ua cov khoom siv raw, nws tau pretreated nrog concentrated alkali, thiab tom qab ntawd qhov kev sim orthogonal thiab kev sim ib qho tau siv,

Cov txheej txheem npaj ntawmCMC, HECthiab HECMC tau optimized feem.

Cov cellulose ethers uas tau npaj tseg tau raug cim los ntawm FTIR, H-NMR thiab XRD.

1.4.2.3 Daim ntawv thov ntawm cellulose ether paste

Peb hom cellulose ethers thiab sodium alginate tau siv ua cov nplaum qub, thiab qhov nrawm ntawm kev tsim cov nplaum, lub peev xwm tuav dej thiab kev sib raug zoo ntawm cov nplaum qub tau raug sim.

Cov khoom tseem ceeb ntawm plaub daim nplaum qub tau muab piv rau cov khoom thiab kev ruaj khov ntawm kev khaws cia.

Siv peb hom cellulose ethers thiab sodium alginate ua cov tshuaj nplaum thawj, teeb tsa cov xim luam ntawv, nqa cov xim luam ntawv reactive, dhau lub rooj xeem

Kev sib piv ntawm pebcov cellulose ethers thiab

Cov yam ntxwv ntawm kev luam ntawv ntawm sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Cov ntsiab lus tshiab ntawm kev tshawb fawb

(1) Tig cov khib nyiab mus rau hauv cov khoom muaj nqis, rho tawm cov cellulose ntshiab siab los ntawm cov nroj tsuag pov tseg, uas ntxiv rau qhov chaw ntawm cellulose

Ib txoj kev tshiab, thiab tib lub sijhawm, rau qee qhov, nws daws qhov teeb meem ntawm kev siv cov khoom siv pov tseg ntawm cov nroj tsuag thiab kev ua qias tuaj ib puag ncig; thiab txhim kho cov fiber

Txoj kev rho tawm.

(2) Kev tshuaj ntsuam thiab qib ntawm kev hloov pauv ntawm cov neeg sawv cev cellulose etherifying, feem ntau siv cov neeg sawv cev etherifying xws li chloroacetic acid (muaj tshuaj lom heev), ethylene oxide (ua rau

Mob qog noj ntshav), thiab lwm yam muaj teeb meem ntau dua rau tib neeg lub cev thiab ib puag ncig. Hauv tsab ntawv no, cov sodium chloroacetate thiab 2-chloroethanol uas zoo rau ib puag ncig yog siv los ua cov neeg sawv cev etherification.

Hloov chaw ntawm chloroacetic acid thiab ethylene oxide, cellulose ethers tau npaj. (3) Cov cellulose ether tau txais yog siv rau paj rwb ntaub reactive dye printing, uas muab lub hauv paus rau kev tshawb fawb ntawm sodium alginate hloov.

xa mus rau.