Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea thepa e tala ea limela, empa motsoako oa tsona oa mantlha ha o na phapang e kholo, haholo-holo o entsoe ka tsoekere le e seng tsoekere.
. Dihlahiswa tse fapaneng tsa dimela di na le dikahare tse fapaneng tsa karolo ka nngwe. Tse latelang di hlahisa ka bokgutshwane dikarolo tse tharo tsa bohlokwa tsa dihlahiswa tse tala tsa dimela:
Ether ea selulose, lignin le hemicellulose.
1.3 Sebopeho sa motheo sa thepa e tala ea limela
1.3.1.1 Selulose
Cellulose ke polysaccharide e kgolo e bopilweng ka D-glucose e nang le dibopeho tsa glycosidic tsa β-1,4. Ke yona ya kgale ka ho fetisisa le e ngata ka ho fetisisa lefatsheng.
Polima ea tlhaho. Sebopeho sa eona sa lik'hemik'hale hangata se emeloa ke foromo ea sebopeho sa Haworth le foromo ea sebopeho sa setulo, moo n e leng tekanyo ea polymerization ea polysaccharide.
Selulose ea lik'habohaedreite Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Setache, pectin le tsoekere e meng e qhibilihang
likarolo tse seng tsa k'habohaedreite
lignin
Lipids tse ntšitsoeng, Lignols, Metsoako ea naetrojene, Metsoako e sa pheleng
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, li-resin acid, mafura a acid, li-sterol, metsoako e nkhang hamonate, li-tannins
thepa ea limela
1.4 Sebopeho sa lik'hemik'hale sa cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Yuniti ea motheo ea lignin ke phenylpropane, e ntan'o hokahanngoa ke libonto tsa CC le libonto tsa ether.
mofuta oa polymer. Sebopehong sa semela, lera le pakeng tsa lisele le na le lignin e ngata,
Dikahare tsa ka hare ho sele di fokotsehile, empa dikahare tsa lignin di ile tsa eketseha lera le ka hare la lebota la bobedi. Jwalo ka ntho e pakeng tsa sele, lignin le hemifibrils
Hammoho li tlatsa pakeng tsa likhoele tse ntle tsa lebota la sele, ka hona li matlafatsa lebota la sele la lisele tsa semela.
1.5 Lignin structural monomers, ka tatellano: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane le coniferyl alcohol.
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
Ho fapana le lignin, hemicellulose ke heteropolymer e entsoeng ka mefuta e fapaneng ea li-monosaccharides.
Mefuta ea tsoekere le boteng kapa ho se be teng ha lihlopha tsa acyl li ka aroloa ka glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, jj. ka hare ho,
Karolo ea mashome a mahlano lekholong ea lisele tsa lehong ke xylan, e holim'a li-microfibrils tsa cellulose 'me e hokahane le likhoele.
Li theha marang-rang a lisele tse hokahaneng ka thata haholoanyane.
1.4 Morero oa lipatlisiso, bohlokoa le litaba tsa sehlooho tsa sehlooho sena
1.4.1 Morero le bohlokoa ba lipatlisiso
Sepheo sa phuputso ena ke ho kgetha mefuta e meraro e emelang ka ho sekaseka dikarolo tsa dihlahiswa tse ding tsa dimela.
Cellulose e ntšoa linthong tse phelang. Khetha sesebelisoa se loketseng sa ho qhibilihisa, 'me u sebelise cellulose e ntšitsoeng ho nkela k'hothone sebaka e tla qhibilihisoa le ho fetoloa ho lokisa faeba.
Etha ea vithamine. Etha ea cellulose e lokisitsoeng e ile ea sebelisoa ho khatiso ea dae e arabelang, 'me qetellong litlamorao tsa khatiso li ile tsa bapisoa ho fumana ho eketsehileng
Li-ether tsa cellulose bakeng sa li-paste tsa khatiso ea dae tse arabelang.
Sa pele, dipatlisiso tsa taba ena di rarollotse bothata ba ho sebediswa hape le tshilafatso ya tikoloho ya matlakala a dimela tse tala ho isa bohōleng bo itseng.
Ka nako e ts'oanang, mokhoa o mocha oa eketsoa mohloling oa cellulose. Ea bobeli, sodium chloroacetate e seng chefo haholo le 2-chloroethanol li sebelisoa e le lintho tse futhumatsang 'mele,
Ho ena le asiti e chefo haholo ea chloroacetic, ether ea cellulose e ile ea lokisoa 'me ea sebelisoa ho peista ea khatiso ea dae e arabelang ea lesela la k'hothone, le sodium alginate.
Phuputso mabapi le disebediswa tse nkelang tse ding sebaka e na le tataiso e itseng, mme e boetse e na le bohlokwa bo boholo ba tshebetso le boleng ba ditshupiso.
Lignin ea Lebota la Faeba e Qhibilihileng Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
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1.4.2 Dikahare tsa dipatlisiso
1.4.2.1 Ho ntšoa ha cellulose ho tsoa linthong tse tala tsa limela
Taba ea pele, likarolo tsa thepa e tala ea limela lia lekanngoa le ho hlahlojoa, 'me thepa e meraro e emelang ea limela e khethoa ho ntša faeba.
Livithamine. Ebe ts'ebetso ea ho ntša cellulose e ntlafalitsoe ka kalafo e felletseng ea alkali le asiti. Qetellong, UV
Ho sebelisoa spectroscopy ea ho monya, FTIR le XRD ho hokahanya lihlahisoa.
1.4.2.2 Ho lokisoa ha li-ether tsa cellulose
Ka ho sebelisa cellulose ea patsi ea phaene e le thepa e tala, e ile ea phekoloa esale pele ka alkali e matla, eaba ho sebelisoa teko ea orthogonal le teko ea ntlha e le 'ngoe.
Mekhoa ea ho lokisaCMC, HECle HECMC li ntlafalitsoe ka ho latellana.
Li-ether tsa cellulose tse lokisitsoeng li ne li khetholloa ka FTIR, H-NMR le XRD.
1.4.2.3 Tšebeliso ea peista ea ether ea cellulose
Mefuta e meraro ea li-ether tsa cellulose le sodium alginate li sebelisitsoe e le li-paste tsa pele, 'me sekhahla sa ho thehoa ha peista, bokhoni ba ho tšoara metsi le ho lumellana ha lik'hemik'hale tsa li-paste tsa pele li ile tsa lekoa.
Litšobotsi tsa motheo tsa li-pesta tse 'ne tsa pele li bapisitsoe mabapi le litšobotsi le botsitso ba polokelo.
U sebelisa mefuta e meraro ea li-ether tsa cellulose le sodium alginate e le peista ea pele, lokisa peista ea 'mala oa khatiso, etsa khatiso ea dae e arabelang, u fete tafoleng ea liteko.
Papiso ea tse tharoli-ether tsa selulose le
Litšobotsi tsa khatiso tsa sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Lintlha tsa boqapi ba lipatlisiso
(1) Ho fetola litšila hore e be letlotlo, ho ntša cellulose e hloekileng haholo ho litšila tsa limela, e leng se eketsang mohloli oa cellulose.
Tsela e ncha, 'me ka nako e ts'oanang, ho isa bohōleng bo itseng, e rarolla bothata ba ho sebelisoa hape ha thepa e tala ea limela le tšilafalo ea tikoloho; le ho ntlafatsa faeba
Mokhoa oa ho ntša.
(2) Tlhahlobo le tekanyo ea ho nkeloa sebaka ha li-etherifying agents tsa cellulose, li-etherifying agents tse sebelisoang hangata tse kang chloroacetic acid (e chefo haholo), ethylene oxide (e bakang
Kankere), jj. di kotsi haholo mmeleng wa motho le tikolohong. Pampiring ena, sodium chloroacetate le 2-chloroethanol tse sireletsang tikoloho di sebediswa e le di-etherification agents.
Ho ena le chloroacetic acid le ethylene oxide, ho lokisoa li-ether tsa cellulose. (3) Ether ea cellulose e fumanoeng e sebelisoa khatisong ea dae e arabelang ea lesela la k'hothone, e fanang ka motheo o itseng oa lipatlisiso tsa li-substitute tsa sodium alginate.
sheba.
Nako ea poso: Mmesa-25-2024