Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinhu zvezvirimwa, asi musanganiswa wazvo hauna musiyano mukuru, zvinosanganisira shuga neisiri shuga.
Zvinhu zvakasiyana-siyana zvezvirimwa zvine zviri mukati mechikamu chimwe nechimwe. Zvinotevera zvinotsanangura muchidimbu zvinhu zvitatu zvikuru zvezvirimwa:
Cellulose ether, lignin uye hemicellulose.
1.3 Kuumbwa kwekutanga kwezvinhu zvakagadzirwa nemiti
1.3.1.1 Serosi
Cellulose ipolysaccharide yakakura inoumbwa neD-glucose ine β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Ndiyo yekare uye yakawanda kwazvo pasi pano.
Polymer yechisikigo. Maumbirwo ayo emakemikari anowanzo miririrwa nefomura yekuvaka yeHaworth uye fomura yekuvaka yechigaro, apo n iri mwero wepolysaccharide polymerization.
Cellulose Carbohydrate Xylan
arabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Starch, pectin nedzimwe shuga dzinonyunguduka
zvinhu zvisiri zvemakabhohaidhiretsi
lignin
Mafuta Anobva Mumafuta, MaLignols, Makomponi eNitrogenous, Makomponi Asina Kugadzirwa
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Terpenes, resin acids, fatty acids, sterols, aromatic compounds, tannins
zvinhu zvezvirimwa
1.4 Maumbirwo emakemikari e cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
Chikamu chikuru che lignin i phenylpropane, iyo inobva yabatanidzwa ne CC bonds uye ether bonds.
mhando yepolymer. Muchimiro chemuti, chikamu chepakati pemasero chine lignin yakawanda,
Zviri mukati memasero zvakaderera, asi zviri mukati me lignin zvakawedzera mukati memadziro echipiri. Sezvinhu zviri pakati pemasero, lignin uye hemifibrils
Pamwe chete zvinozadza pakati pemashinda matete emadziro esero, nokudaro zvichisimbisa madziro esero enyama yemuti.
1.5 Lignin structural monomers, dzakarongwa se: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane uye coniferyl alcohol
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
Kusiyana ne lignin, hemicellulose i heteropolymer inoumbwa nemhando dzakasiyana dze monosaccharides.
Mhando dzeshuga uye kuvapo kana kusavapo kwemapoka eacyl zvinogona kukamurwa kuita glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, nezvimwewo.
Makumi mashanu muzana ehuni i xylan, iri pamusoro pe cellulose microfibrils uye yakabatana neshinda.
Dzinoumba network yemasero akabatana zvakasimba.
1.4 Chinangwa chekutsvagisa, kukosha uye zviri mukati menyaya iyi
1.4.1 Chinangwa uye kukosha kwetsvagurudzo
Chinangwa chetsvagurudzo iyi ndechekusarudza mhando nhatu dzinomiririra kuburikidza nekuongorora zvikamu zvezvimwe zvinhu zvezvirimwa.
Cellulose inobviswa kubva mumiti. Sarudza chinhu chakakodzera chinopa simba, uye shandisa cellulose inobviswa kutsiva donje rinofanira kupiswa nemhepo uye kugadziriswa kugadzira fiber.
Vitamin ether. Cellulose ether yakagadzirwa yakashandiswa pakudhinda dhayi, uye pakupedzisira mhedzisiro yekudhinda yakaenzaniswa kuti uwane rumwe ruzivo.
Cellulose ethers dzema "reactive dye printing pastes".
Chekutanga, tsvakiridzo yenyaya iyi yakagadzirisa dambudziko rekushandiswazve uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza kwemarara emiti kusvika pamwero wakati.
Panguva imwe chete, nzira itsva inowedzerwa kunobva cellulose. Chechipiri, sodium chloroacetate isina chepfu yakawanda uye 2-chloroethanol zvinoshandiswa sezvinhu zvinopisa,
Panzvimbo pe chloroacetic acid ine chepfu yakanyanya, cellulose ether yakagadzirwa ndokuiswa paste yekudhinda yedonje reactive dye, uye sodium alginate.
Tsvakurudzo pamusoro pezvinotsiva ine nhungamiro yakati, uye ine kukosha kukuru uye kukosha kwekutarisa.
Fiber Wall Lignin Yakanyungudutswa Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
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1.4.2 Zvekutsvaga
1.4.2.1 Kubviswa kweselulosi kubva muzvinhu zvakabikwa zvemiti
Kutanga, zvikamu zvezvishandiso zvezvirimwa zvinoyerwa uye zvinoongororwa, uye zvinhu zvitatu zvinomiririra zvinogadzirwa nezvirimwa zvinosarudzwa kuti zvibudise fiber.
Mavhitamini. Zvadaro, maitiro ekubvisa cellulose akagadziriswa nekurapa kwakazara kwealkali neacid. Pakupedzisira, UV
Kushandiswa kweAbsorption spectroscopy, FTIR neXRD zvakashandiswa kubatanidza zvigadzirwa.
1.4.2.2 Kugadzirira kwe ether dze cellulose
Ichishandisa cellulose yemuti wepine sezvinhu zvisina kugadzirwa, yakazorapwa kare nealkali yakakangwa, uye bvunzo ye orthogonal uye bvunzo ye single factor zvakashandiswa,
Maitiro ekugadziriraCMC, HECuye HECMC dzakagadziriswa zvakateerana.
Ma ether e cellulose akagadzirwa airatidzwa neFTIR, H-NMR uye XRD.
1.4.2.3 Kushandiswa kwe cellulose ether paste
Mhando nhatu dze cellulose ethers uye sodium alginate dzakashandiswa sema paste ekutanga, uye mwero wekuumbwa kwepaste, kugona kwekubata mvura uye kuenderana kwemakemikari kwema paste ekutanga zvakaedzwa.
Hunhu hwepakutanga hwemapesita mana ekutanga hwakaenzaniswa maererano nehunhu uye kugadzikana kwekuchengetwa.
Uchishandisa marudzi matatu e ethers e cellulose uye sodium alginate se paste yekutanga, gadzira paste yemavara ekudhinda, ita kudhinda kwedhayi reactive, pfuura tafura yekuyedza
Kuenzanisa kwevatatuethers dze cellulose uye
Hunhu hwekudhinda hwe sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Pfungwa dzekutsvaga zvinhu zvitsva
(1) Kushandura marara kuita pfuma, kubvisa cellulose yakachena kubva mumarara emiti, izvo zvinowedzera kunobva cellulose.
Nzira itsva, uye panguva imwe chete, kusvika pamwero wakati, inogadzirisa dambudziko rekushandisazve marara emiti uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza; uye inovandudza fiber.
Nzira yekubvisa.
(2) Kuongorora uye mwero wekutsiva ma cellulose etherifying agents, anoshandiswa zvakanyanya sechloroacetic acid (ine chepfu yakawanda), ethylene oxide (inokonzera
Gomarara), nezvimwewo zvinokuvadza muviri wemunhu nenharaunda. Mupepa rino, sodium chloroacetate uye 2-chloroethanol, zvine hushamwari kune nharaunda, zvinoshandiswa se etherification agents.
Panzvimbo pe chloroacetic acid ne ethylene oxide, ma cellulose ethers anogadzirwa. (3) Cellulose ether inowanikwa inoiswa pakudhinda kwedonje reactive dye, izvo zvinopa hwaro hwakati hwekutsvaga kwe sodium alginate substitutes.
tarisa kuna.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-25-2024