Halabuurka walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta

Waxaa jira noocyo badan oo ah walxo ceeriin ah oo dhir ah, laakiin halabuurka aasaasiga ah ma laha farqi yar, inta badan wuxuu ka kooban yahay sonkor iyo sonkor aan sonkor ahayn.

. Noocyada kala duwan ee walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta waxay leeyihiin waxyaabo kala duwan oo ka kooban qayb kasta. Qodobada soo socdaa waxay si kooban u soo bandhigayaan saddexda qaybood ee ugu muhiimsan ee walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta:

Cellulose ether, lignin iyo hemicellulose.

1.3 Halabuurka aasaasiga ah ee walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta

1.3.1.1 Cellulose

Cellulose waa polysaccharide macromolecular ah oo ka kooban D-glucose oo leh β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Waa kan ugu da'da weyn uguna badan dhulka.

Polymer dabiici ah. Qaab-dhismeedkeeda kiimikada waxaa badanaa lagu matalaa qaacidada qaab-dhismeedka Haworth iyo qaacidada qaab-dhismeedka kursiga, halkaas oo n uu yahay heerka polymerization-ka polysaccharide.

Kaarboohaydraytka Cellulose Xylan

arabinoxylan

glucuronide xylan

glucuronide arabinoxylan

glucomannan

Galactoglucomannan

arabinogalactan

Istaarij, pectin iyo sonkor kale oo milmi kara

qaybaha aan karbohaydraytyada ahayn

lignin

Soo saar Lipids, Lignols, Nitrogenous Compounds, Inorganic Compounds

Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Terpenes, asiidhyada resin, asiidhyada dufanka leh, sterols, xeryahooda udgoonka leh, tannins

walxaha dhirta

1.4 Qaab-dhismeedka kiimikada ee cellulose

1.3.1.2 Ligin

Cutubka aasaasiga ah ee lignin waa phenylpropane, kaas oo markaa ku xiran xidhmooyinka CC iyo xidhmooyinka ether.

nooca polymer-ka. Qaab-dhismeedka dhirta, lakabka unugyada dhexdooda waxa ku jira lignin-ka ugu badan,

Waxyaabaha ku jira unugyada ayaa yaraaday, laakiin waxyaabaha ku jira lignin ayaa ku kordhay lakabka gudaha ee derbiga labaad. Sida walxaha isku xiran, lignin iyo hemifibrils

Waxay si wada jir ah u buuxiyaan fiilooyinka yaryar ee derbiga unugga, taasoo xoojinaysa derbiga unugga ee unugyada dhirta.

1.5 Monomers-ka qaab-dhismeedka lignin, sida ay u kala horreeyaan: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane iyo coniferyl alcohol

1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose

Si ka duwan lignin, hemicellulose waa heteropolymer ka kooban dhowr nooc oo kala duwan oo monosaccharides ah. Sida laga soo xigtay kuwan

Noocyada sonkorta iyo joogitaanka ama maqnaanshaha kooxaha acyl waxaa loo qaybin karaa glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,

Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, iwm. in,

Boqolkiiba konton unugyada alwaaxa waa xylan, kaas oo ku yaal dusha sare ee microfibrils-ka cellulose oo isku xiran fiilooyinka.

Waxay sameeyaan shabakad unugyo ah oo si adag isugu xiran.

1.4 Ujeedada cilmi-baarista, muhiimadda iyo nuxurka ugu muhiimsan ee mowduucan

1.4.1 Ujeeddada iyo muhiimadda cilmi-baarista

Ujeedada cilmi-baaristan waa in la doorto saddex nooc oo matalaya iyada oo loo marayo falanqaynta qaybaha qaar ka mid ah walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta.

Cellulose waxaa laga soo saaraa walxaha dhirta. Dooro wakiilka etherifying ee ku habboon, oo isticmaal cellulose-ka la soo saaray si aad u beddesho suufka si loo etheriyo loona beddelo si loo diyaariyo fiber.

Fiitamiin ether. Ether-ka cellulose ee la diyaariyey ayaa lagu mariyey daabacaadda rinjiga falcelinta leh, ugu dambayntiina saamaynta daabacaadda ayaa la barbar dhigay si loo ogaado wax badan

Cellulose ethers oo loogu talagalay daabacaadda rinjiga falcelinta leh.

Marka hore, cilmi-baarista mowduucan waxay xallisay dhibaatada dib-u-isticmaalka iyo wasakheynta deegaanka ee qashinka ceeriin ee dhirta ilaa xad.

Isla markaana, hab cusub ayaa lagu darayaa isha cellulose-ka. Marka labaad, sodium chloroacetate-ka aan sunta lahayn iyo 2-chloroethanol ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii walxaha etherifying-ka.

Halkii laga isticmaali lahaa aashitada chloroacetic acid ee aadka u sunta badan, cellulose ether ayaa la diyaariyey oo lagu mariyey koolada daabacaadda rinjiga ee ka falcelisa dharka suufka ah, iyo sodium alginate.

Cilmi-baarista ku saabsan beddelka waxay leedahay heer gaar ah oo hagitaan ah, waxayna sidoo kale leedahay muhiimad weyn oo wax ku ool ah iyo qiimo tixraac.

Ligin Macromolecules-ka Ligin ee Darbiga Fiber-ka ah ee La milmay Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Cilmi-baarista ku saabsan

1.4.2.1 Soo saarista cellulose-ka laga soo saaro walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta

Marka hore, qaybaha walxaha ceeriin ee dhirta ayaa la cabbiraa oo la falanqeeyaa, saddex walxood oo ceeriin ah oo warshadeed oo matalaya ayaa la doortaa si loo soo saaro faybar.

Fiitamiinada. Kadib, habka soo saarista cellulose waxaa lagu habeeyay daaweynta dhameystiran ee alkali iyo aashitada. Ugu dambeyntii, UV-ga

Baaritaanka nuugista, FTIR iyo XRD ayaa loo isticmaalay in lagu xiriiriyo alaabada.

1.4.2.2 Diyaarinta ether-yada cellulose

Iyadoo loo adeegsanayo cellulose alwaax geed ah sidii walxo ceeriin ah, waxaa hore loogu daaweeyay alkali xooggan, ka dibna tijaabada orthogonal iyo tijaabada hal-cutub ayaa la isticmaalay.

Geedi socodka diyaarintaCMC, HECiyo HECMC waxaa loo habeeyay siday u kala horreeyaan.

Ether-yada cellulose-ka ee la diyaariyey waxaa lagu gartaa FTIR, H-NMR iyo XRD.

1.4.2.3 Isticmaalka koollada ether-ka ee cellulose

Saddex nooc oo ah ethers cellulose iyo sodium alginate ayaa loo isticmaalay sidii koolada asalka ah, waxaana la tijaabiyay heerka sameynta koolada, awoodda biyaha lagu hayo iyo iswaafajinta kiimikada ee koolada asalka ah.

Astaamaha aasaasiga ah ee afarta koollada asalka ah ayaa la barbar dhigay marka la eego sifooyinka iyo xasilloonida kaydinta.

Adigoo isticmaalaya saddex nooc oo ah cellulose ethers iyo sodium alginate sida koollada asalka ah, habayso koollada midabka daabacaadda, samee daabacaadda rinjiga falcelinta leh, ka gudub jadwalka tijaabada.

Isbarbardhigga saddexether-yada cellulose iyo

Sifooyinka daabacaadda ee sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Qodobbada hal-abuurka ee cilmi-baarista

(1) Qashinka oo loo beddelo khasnad, iyadoo laga soo saarayo cellulose saafi ah oo tayo sare leh qashinka dhirta, taasoo ku dareysa isha cellulose-ka

Hab cusub, isla markaana, ilaa xad gaar ah, waxay xallisaa dhibaatada dib u isticmaalka walxaha ceeriin ee warshadaha qashinka ah iyo wasakheynta deegaanka; waxayna hagaajisaa faybarka

Habka soo saarista.

(2) Baaritaanka iyo heerka beddelka wakiilada etherifying cellulose, wakiilada etherifying ee sida caadiga ah loo isticmaalo sida chloroacetic acid (aad u sun ah), ethylene oxide (keenaya

Kansarka), iwm. ayaa aad u waxyeello badan u leh jirka aadanaha iyo deegaanka. Warqaddan, sodium chloroacetate iyo 2-chloroethanol oo deegaanka u fiican ayaa loo isticmaalaa sidii wakiilo etherification ah.

Halkii laga isticmaali lahaa aashitada chloroacetic iyo ethylene oxide, waxaa la diyaariyaa ether-yada cellulose. (3) Ether-ka cellulose ee la helay waxaa lagu dabaqaa daabacaadda rinjiga falgalka ah ee dharka cudbiga ah, kaas oo bixiya saldhig gaar ah oo loogu talagalay cilmi-baarista beddelka sodium alginate.

tixraac.