Nui nā ʻano mea kanu maka, akā ʻaʻohe ʻokoʻa o ko lākou ʻano kumu, ʻo ia hoʻi ke kō a me ka mea ʻole.
. He ʻokoʻa nā ʻano o kēlā me kēia ʻāpana o nā mea kanu maka like ʻole. Eia ka mea e hōʻike pōkole ana i nā ʻāpana nui ʻekolu o nā mea kanu maka:
ʻEtera cellulose, lignin a me ka hemicellulose.
1.3 Ka hoʻonohonoho kumu o nā mea kanu maka
1.3.1.1 Kelulose
He polysaccharide macromolecular ka Cellulose i haku ʻia me D-glucose me nā pilina β-1,4 glycosidic. ʻO ia ka mea kahiko loa a nui loa ma ka honua.
Polymer kūlohelohe. Hōʻike pinepine ʻia kona ʻano kemika e ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho Haworth a me ke ʻano hoʻonohonoho noho, kahi ʻo n ke kekelē o ka polymerization polysaccharide.
ʻO ka kalapona cellulose Xylan
ʻArabinoxylan
glucuronide xylan
glucuronide arabinoxylan
glucomannan
ʻO Galactoglucomannan
ʻArabinogalactan
ʻO ka Starch, pectin a me nā kō hiki ke hoʻoheheʻe ʻia
nā ʻāpana ʻaʻole kalapona
lignin
ʻO ka unuhi ʻana i nā lipids, nā lignols, nā hui nitrogenous, nā hui inorganic
ʻO Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Nā terpenes, nā waikawa resin, nā waikawa momona, nā sterols, nā hui ʻala, nā tannins
mea kanu
1.4 ʻAno kemika o ka cellulose
1.3.1.2 Lignin
ʻO ke anakahi kumu o ka lignin ʻo phenylpropane, a laila hoʻopili ʻia e nā pilina CC a me nā pilina ether.
ʻano polymer. I loko o ke ʻano o ka mea kanu, aia ka papa intercellular i ka lignin nui loa,
Ua emi ka nui o loko o ke kino, akā ua piʻi aʻe ka nui o ka lignin i loko o ka papa o loko o ka paia lua. Ma ke ʻano he mea intercellular, lignin a me hemifibrils
Hoʻopiha pū lākou ma waena o nā olonā maikaʻi o ka paia o ke kelepona, no laila e hoʻoikaika ana i ka paia o ke kelepona o nā mea kanu.
1.5 Nā monomers hoʻonohonoho Lignin, ma ke kaʻina: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane a me ka waiʻona coniferyl
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
ʻAʻole e like me ka lignin, he heteropolymer ka hemicellulose i haku ʻia me kekahi mau ʻano monosaccharides like ʻole. Wahi a kēia mau mea
Hiki ke hoʻokaʻawale ʻia nā ʻano kō a me ke alo a i ʻole ka ʻole o nā hui acyl i glucomannan, arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,
ʻO Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, a pēlā aku. i loko,
He kanalima pakeneka o ka ʻiʻo lāʻau he xylan, aia ma luna o ka ʻili o nā microfibrils cellulose a pili pū me nā olonā.
Hoʻokumu lākou i kahi pūnaewele o nā cell i pili pono kekahi i kekahi.
1.4 Ke kumu noiʻi, ke koʻikoʻi a me ka ʻike nui o kēia kumuhana
1.4.1 Ke kumu a me ke koʻikoʻi o ka noiʻi
ʻO ke kumu o kēia noiʻi, ʻo ia ke koho ʻana i ʻekolu mau ʻano maʻamau ma o ka nānā ʻana i nā ʻāpana o kekahi mau mea kanu maka.
Hoʻokaʻawale ʻia ka cellulose mai nā mea kanu. E koho i ka mea etherifying kūpono, a hoʻohana i ka cellulose i hoʻokaʻawale ʻia e pani i ka pulupulu e etherified ʻia a hoʻololi ʻia e hoʻomākaukau i ka fiber.
ʻEtera wikamina. Ua hoʻopili ʻia ka ʻetera cellulose i hoʻomākaukau ʻia i ka paʻi kala reactive, a ʻo ka hope loa ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā hopena paʻi e ʻike hou aku
Nā ʻetera cellulose no nā mea hoʻopili paʻi kala reactive.
ʻO ka mea mua, ua hoʻoponopono ka noiʻi ʻana o kēia kumuhana i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana a me ka haumia o ke kaiapuni o nā ʻōpala mea kanu maka i kekahi ʻano.
I ka manawa like, ua hoʻohui ʻia kahi ala hou i ke kumu o ka cellulose. ʻO ka lua, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium chloroacetate a me 2-chloroethanol i emi ka ʻawahia ma ke ʻano he mau mea etherifying,
Ma kahi o ka waikawa chloroacetic ʻawaʻawa loa, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia ka cellulose ether a ua hoʻopili ʻia i ka lole pulupulu reactive dye printing paste, a me ka sodium alginate.
Loaʻa i ka noiʻi ʻana ma luna o nā pani i kekahi ʻano alakaʻi, a he manaʻo nui koʻikoʻi a me ka waiwai kuhikuhi.
Lignin paia fiber i hoʻoheheʻe ʻia Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 ʻIke noiʻi
1.4.2.1 Ka unuhi ʻana o ka cellulose mai nā mea kanu maka
ʻO ka mea mua, ua ana ʻia a kālailai ʻia nā ʻāpana o nā mea kanu maka, a ua koho ʻia ʻekolu mau mea kanu maka e unuhi i ka fiber.
Nā wikamina. A laila, ua hoʻomaikaʻi ʻia ke kaʻina hana o ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose e ka mālama piha ʻana o ka alkali a me ka waikawa. ʻO ka hope loa, UV
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ka spectroscopy absorption, FTIR a me XRD e hoʻohālikelike i nā huahana.
1.4.2.2 Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o nā ethers cellulose
Ma ka hoʻohana ʻana i ka cellulose lāʻau paina ma ke ʻano he mea maka, ua mālama mua ʻia me ka alkali i hoʻopaʻa ʻia, a laila ua hoʻohana ʻia ka hoʻokolohua orthogonal a me ka hoʻokolohua kumu hoʻokahi.
Nā kaʻina hana hoʻomākaukau oCMC, HECa ua hoʻonohonoho pono ʻia ʻo HECMC.
Ua wehewehe ʻia nā ethers cellulose i hoʻomākaukau ʻia e FTIR, H-NMR a me XRD.
1.4.2.3 Ka hoʻopili ʻana o ka hoʻopili cellulose ether
Ua hoʻohana ʻia ʻekolu ʻano cellulose ethers a me ka sodium alginate ma ke ʻano he mau kāpili mua, a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia ka nui o ka hoʻokumu ʻana o ka kāpili, ka hiki ke paʻa i ka wai a me ka kūlike kemika o nā kāpili mua.
Ua hoʻohālikelike ʻia nā ʻano kumu o nā mea hoʻopili mua ʻehā e pili ana i nā ʻano a me ke kūpaʻa mālama ʻana.
Ke hoʻohana nei i ʻekolu ʻano o ka cellulose ethers a me ka sodium alginate e like me ka hoʻopili mua, hoʻonohonoho i ka hoʻopili kala paʻi, hoʻokō i ka paʻi dye reactive, e hala i ka papa hoʻāʻo
Hoʻohālikelike ʻana o ʻekolunā ethers cellulose a me
Nā waiwai paʻi o ka sodium alginate.
1.4.3 Nā kiko hana hou o ka noiʻi
(1) Ke hoʻolilo nei i ka ʻōpala i waiwai, ka unuhi ʻana i ka cellulose maʻemaʻe kiʻekiʻe mai ka ʻōpala mea kanu, kahi e hoʻohui ai i ke kumu o ka cellulose
ʻO kahi ala hou, a i ka manawa like, i kekahi ʻano, hoʻoponopono ia i ka pilikia o ka hoʻohana hou ʻana i nā mea kanu ʻōpala a me ka haumia o ke kaiapuni; a hoʻomaikaʻi i ka fiber
ʻAno hoʻokaʻawale.
(2) Ka nānā ʻana a me ke kekelē o ka hoʻololi ʻana o nā mea etherifying cellulose, nā mea etherifying i hoʻohana pinepine ʻia e like me ka chloroacetic acid (ʻawahia loa), ethylene oxide (e hoʻoulu ai
ʻOi aku ka ʻino o ke kanesa), a pēlā aku i ke kino kanaka a me ke kaiapuni. Ma kēia pepa, hoʻohana ʻia ka sodium chloroacetate a me ka 2-chloroethanol i ʻoi aku ka launa pū me ke kaiapuni ma ke ʻano he mau mea etherification.
Ma kahi o ka waikawa chloroacetic a me ka ethylene oxide, ua hoʻomākaukau ʻia nā cellulose ethers. (3) Hoʻopili ʻia ka cellulose ether i loaʻa i ka paʻi ʻana o ka dye reactive lole pulupulu, kahi e hāʻawi ai i kahi kumu no ka noiʻi ʻana i nā pani sodium alginate.
e kuhikuhi i.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-25-2024