He maha ngā momo rauemi tipu, engari he iti noa ngā rerekētanga o te hanganga taketake, ko te nuinga he huka me ētahi atu kāore i te huka.
He rerekē te ihirangi o ia wāhanga o ia rauemi mata tipu. E whai ake nei ka whakamāramahia ngā wāhanga matua e toru o ngā rauemi mata tipu:
Etera cellulose, te lignin me te hemicellulose.
1.3 Te hanganga taketake o ngā rauemi mata o te tipu
1.3.1.1 Te Hūrouro
He polysaccharide macromolecular te cellulose, he mea tito mai i te D-glucose me ngā hononga glycosidic β-1,4. Koia te mea tawhito rawa atu, ā, koia te mea tino nui rawa atu i runga i te ao.
Pūmua tūturu. Ko tōna hanganga matū e tohuhia ana e te tātai hanganga Haworth me te tātai hanganga āhua tūru, ko n te tohu o te whakapūmuatanga polysaccharide.
Warowaihā Cellulose Xylan
arabinoxylan
te xylan glucuronide
glucuronide arabinoxylan
kurukomanana
Galactoglucomannan
arabinogalactan
Māngaro, pectin me ētahi atu huka wairewa
ngā wāhanga kore-warowaihā
te rikini
Tangohanga Ngako, Nga Lignol, Nga Matū Hauota, Nga Matū Kore-Waro
Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose
Ngā terpene, ngā waikawa kapia, ngā waikawa ngako, ngā sterol, ngā matū kakara, ngā tannin
rauemi tipu
1.4 Hanganga matū o te cellulose
1.3.1.2 Rignin
Ko te waeine taketake o te lignin ko te phenylpropane, ā, ka honoa mā roto i ngā here CC me ngā here etera.
momo pūmua. I roto i te hanganga tipu, kei roto i te paparanga i waenga i ngā pūtau te nuinga o te lignin,
I heke te nui o te matū i roto i te pūtau, engari i piki ake te nui o te lignin i roto i te paparanga o roto o te pakitara tuarua. Hei matū i waenga i ngā pūtau, ko te lignin me ngā hemifibrils
Ka whakakī ngātahi rāua i waenganui i ngā muka angiangi o te pakitara pūtau, ā, ka whakapakari i te pakitara pūtau o te kiko tipu.
1.5 Ngā monomer hanganga lignin, i te raupapa: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane me te coniferyl alcohol
1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose
He rerekē te hemicellulose i te lignin, he heteropolymer i titoa mai i ētahi momo monosaccharides rerekē. E ai ki ēnei
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā momo huka me te aroaro, te ngaro rānei o ngā rōpū acyl ki te glucomannan, te arabinosyl (4-O-methylglucuronic acid)-xylan,
Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic acid xylan, arabinosyl galactan, me ētahi atu.
E rima tekau ōrau o te kiko rakau he xylan, kei runga i te mata o ngā moroiti cellulose, e hono tahi ana me ngā muka.
Ka hangaia e rātou he whatunga o ngā pūtau e hono pūmau ana tetahi ki tetahi.
1.4 Te kaupapa rangahau, te hiranga me te kaupapa matua o tēnei kaupapa
1.4.1 Te kaupapa me te hiranga o te rangahau
Ko te whāinga o tēnei rangahau he tīpako i ngā momo e toru mā te tātari i ngā wāhanga o ētahi o ngā rauemi mata o te tipu.
Ka tangohia te cellulose mai i ngā tipu. Tīpakohia te kaihoko whakaetere tika, ā, whakamahia te cellulose kua tangohia hei whakakapi i te miro ka whakaeterehia, ka whakarerekētia hoki hei hanga muka.
Huaora etera. I whakamahia te etera cellulose kua whakaritea ki te tānga tae tauhohe, ā, i te mutunga i whakaritea ngā pānga tānga kia kitea ai ētahi atu kōrero.
Ngā etera cellulose mō ngā whakapiri tānga tae tauhohe.
Tuatahi, kua ea i te rangahau o tēnei kaupapa te raruraru o te whakamahi anō me te parahanga taiao o ngā para tipu ki tētahi taumata.
I taua wā anō, ka tāpirihia he huarahi hou ki te pūtake o te cellulose. Tuarua, ka whakamahia te konutai chloroacetate me te 2-chloroethanol he iti ake te paitini hei etherifying agent,
I whakaritea te cellulose ether hei utu mō te waikawa chloroacetic tino paitini, ā, i pania ki te whakapiri tā tae tauhohe o te papanga miro, me te konutai alginate.
He ārahi kei te rangahau mō ngā whakakapinga, ā, he nui hoki te hiranga mahi me te uara tohutoro.
Lignin Pakitara Muka Lignin Whakarewa Macromolecules Cellulose
9
1.4.2 Ngā ihirangi rangahau
1.4.2.1 Te tango i te cellulose mai i ngā rauemi mata o te tipu
Tuatahi, ka inehia, ka tātarihia hoki ngā wāhanga o ngā rauemi mata o te tipu, ā, ka tīpakohia kia toru ngā rauemi mata o te tipu hei tango muka.
Ngā Huaora. Kātahi ka arotauhia te tukanga tango cellulose mā te maimoatanga whānui o te kawakore me te waikawa. Hei whakamutunga, ko te UV
I whakamahia te whakamātautau mimiti, te FTIR me te XRD hei hono i ngā hua.
1.4.2.2 Te whakarite i ngā etera cellulose
Mā te whakamahi i te cellulose rakau paina hei rauemi mata, i tukatukahia i mua ki te kawakore kukū, kātahi ka whakamahia te whakamātautau orthogonal me te whakamātautau tauwehe kotahi.
Ngā tukanga whakarite oCMC, HECme HECMC i arotauhia.
I tautuhia ngā etera cellulose kua whakaritea mā te FTIR, H-NMR me te XRD.
1.4.2.3 Te whakamahinga o te whakapiri cellulose ether
E toru ngā momo cellulose ethers me te konutai alginate i whakamahia hei whakapiri taketake, ā, i whakamatautauria te tere hanga whakapiri, te kaha pupuri wai me te hototahi matū o ngā whakapiri taketake.
I whakaritea ngā āhuatanga taketake o ngā whakapiri taketake e whā e pā ana ki ngā āhuatanga me te pumau o te rokiroki.
Mā te whakamahi i ngā momo etera cellulose e toru me te konutai alginate hei whakapiri taketake, whirihorahia te whakapiri tae tā, kawe i te tā tae tauhohe, paahitia te ripanga whakamātautau
Te whakataurite i ngā mea e torungā etera cellulose me
Ngā āhuatanga tā o te konutai alginate.
1.4.3 Ngā kaupapa rangahau auaha
(1) Te huri i te para hei taonga, te tango i te cellulose tino parakore mai i te para tipu, e tāpiri atu ana ki te pūtake o te cellulose
He huarahi hou, ā, i te wā kotahi, ki tētahi taumata, ka whakaoti i te raruraru o te whakamahi anō i ngā rauemi mata o te tipu para me te parahanga taiao; ā, ka whakapai ake i te muka.
Tikanga tango.
(2) Te tirotiro me te taumata o te whakakapinga o ngā kaihoko etherifying cellulose, ngā kaihoko etherifying e whakamahia whānuitia ana pērā i te waikawa chloroacetic (tino paitini), te ethylene oxide (e hua ai
((pērā i te mate pukupuku), me ētahi atu, he kino ake ki te tinana tangata me te taiao. I roto i tēnei tuhinga, ka whakamahia ngā konutai chloroacetate me te 2-chloroethanol e pai ake ana ki te taiao hei kaihoko etherification.
Hei utu mō te waikawa chloroacetic me te ethylene oxide, ka whakaritea ngā cellulose ethers. (3) Ko te cellulose ether i whiwhihia ka whakamahia ki te tānga tae tauhohe o te papanga miro, e whakarato ana i tētahi pūtake mō te rangahau i ngā whakakapinga konutai alginate.
tirohia
Wā tuku: Paenga-whāwhā-25-2024