Ibigize ibikoresho fatizo by'ibimera

Hari ubwoko bwinshi bw'ibikoresho fatizo by'ibimera, ariko imiterere yabyo y'ibanze nta tandukaniro ifite, ahanini igizwe n'isukari n'itarimo isukari.

Ibikoresho by’ibanze bitandukanye by’ibimera bifite ibikubiye muri buri gice bitandukanye. Ibi bikurikira bigaragaza muri make ibice bitatu by’ingenzi by’ibihingwa:

Eteri ya selulosi, lignin na hemicellulose.

1.3 Imiterere y'ibanze y'ibikoresho fatizo by'ibimera

1.3.1.1 Selilulose

Selulosi ni polysaccharide ya macromolecular igizwe na D-glucose ifite β-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Ni yo ya kera cyane kandi iboneka cyane ku isi.

Polima karemano. Imiterere yayo ya shimi ikunze kugaragazwa na formula y’imiterere ya Haworth n’imiterere y’intebe, aho n ari urugero rwa polimisasiyo ya polysaccharide.

Selilulosi Karubohidrati Xylan

arabinoxylan

glucuronide xylan

glucuronide arabinoxylan

glukomannan

Galactoglucomannan

arabinogalactan

Ifumbire, pectin n'izindi sukari zishobora gushonga

ibice bitarimo karubohidrati

lignin

Ibinyabutabire bya Extract Lipides, Lignoles, Azote Compounds, Inorganic Compounds

Hemicellulose Polyhexopolypentose Polymannose Polygalactose

Terpenes, aside resin, aside ibinure, sterols, ibintu bihumura neza, tannins

ibikoresho by'ibimera

1.4 Imiterere ya shimi ya selulose

1.3.1.2 Lignin

Igice cy'ibanze cya lignin ni phenylpropane, hanyuma kigahuzwa n'imigozi ya CC n'imigozi ya ether.

polymer yo mu bwoko bwa polymer. Mu miterere y'ibimera, urwego rw'uturemangingo rurimo lignin nyinshi,

Ingano y'uturemangingo yagabanutse, ariko ingano y'uturemangingo yariyongereye mu gice cy'imbere cy'urukuta rwa kabiri. Nk'ikintu kiri hagati y'uturemangingo, lignin na hemifibrils

Bifatanye byuzuza hagati y’imigozi myiza y’urukuta rw’uturemangingo, bityo bigakomeza urukuta rw’uturemangingo rw’ibimera.

1.5 Lignin structural monomers, mu buryo bukurikira: p-hydroxyphenylpropane, guaiacyl propane, syringyl propane na coniferyl alcohol

1.3.1.3 Hemicellulose

Bitandukanye na lignin, hemicellulose ni heteropolymer igizwe n'ubwoko butandukanye bwa monosaccharides. Dukurikije ibi

Ubwoko bw'isukari hamwe n'uko amatsinda ya acyl aba cyangwa adahari bishobora kugabanywamo glucomannan, arabinosyl (aside 4-O-methylglucuronic)-xylan,

Galactosyl glucomannan, 4-O-methylglucuronic aside xylan, arabinosyl galactan, n'ibindi muri,

Mirongo itanu ku ijana by'igiti ni xylan, iri ku buso bwa microfibrils za cellulose kandi ihujwe n'imigozi.

Bakora urusobe rw'uturemangingo dufatanye cyane.

1.4 Intego y'ubushakashatsi, akamaro n'ibikubiye muri iyi ngingo

1.4.1 Intego n'akamaro k'ubushakashatsi

Intego y'ubu bushakashatsi ni uguhitamo ubwoko butatu buhagarariye ibihingwa binyuze mu gusesengura ibice bimwe na bimwe by'ibimera.

Selulosi ivanwa mu bimera. Hitamo ikintu gikwiye gitera ubushyuhe, hanyuma ukoreshe selulosi ivanywemo kugira ngo usimbuze ipamba igomba guhindurwamo ubushyuhe no gutegura fibre.

Vitamine ether. Ether ya selulosi yateguwe yakoreshejwe mu gucapa irangi rikora neza, amaherezo ingaruka zo gucapa zagereranyijwe kugira ngo hamenyekane byinshi.

Eteri za selulosi zo gucapa irangi rikoreshwa mu buryo bufatika.

Mbere na mbere, ubushakashatsi kuri iyi ngingo bwakemuye ikibazo cyo kongera gukoresha no kwangiza ibidukikije imyanda y’ibimera ku rugero runaka.

Muri icyo gihe, uburyo bushya bwongerwa ku isoko ya selulose. Icya kabiri, sodium chloroacetate idahumanya cyane na 2-chloroethanol bikoreshwa nk'ibintu bitanga ubushyuhe,

Aho gukoresha aside chloroacetic irimo uburozi bwinshi, hateguwe ether ya cellulose ishyirwa ku ipamba rikoreshwa mu gucapa irangi, na alginate ya sodium.

Ubushakashatsi ku bisimbura imiti bufite ubuyobozi runaka, kandi bufite akamaro gakomeye mu buryo bw'ingirakamaro n'agaciro k'ifatizo.

Fiber Wall Lignin Yashongeshejwe Lignin Macromolecules Cellulose

9

1.4.2 Ibikubiye mu bushakashatsi

1.4.2.1 Gukuramo selulose mu bimera fatizo

Ubwa mbere, ibice bigize ibikoresho fatizo by’ibimera birapimwa kandi bigasesengurwa, hanyuma hagatoranywa ibikoresho bitatu by’ingenzi by’ibimera kugira ngo bikuremo fibre.

Vitamine. Hanyuma, inzira yo gukuramo selulosi yanogejwe binyuze mu kuvura alkali na aside mu buryo bwuzuye. Amaherezo, UV

Uburyo bwo gufata imiti, FTIR na XRD byakoreshejwe kugira ngo hahuzwe ibyo bicuruzwa.

1.4.2.2 Gutegura eteri za selulose

Hakoreshejwe selulose y’ibiti bya pinusi nk’ibikoresho fatizo, yavuwe mbere na alkali ikomeye, hanyuma hakoreshwa igerageza rya orthogonal na single factor experiment,

Inzira zo guteguraCMC, HECna HECMC byanogejwe uko bikurikirana.

Eteri za selulosi zateguwe zarangwaga na FTIR, H-NMR na XRD.

1.4.2.3 Gukoresha paste ya eteri ya selulose

Ubwoko butatu bwa ether za cellulose na alginate ya sodium byakoreshejwe nk'ibice by'umwimerere, kandi igipimo cyo gukora ibice, ubushobozi bwo gufata amazi n'uburyo ibice by'umwimerere bihuye n'imiti byabyo byarapimwe.

Imiterere y'ibanze y'ibirungo bine by'umwimerere yagereranyijwe ugereranyije n'imiterere n'uburyo bibikwa neza.

Ukoresheje ubwoko butatu bwa ether za cellulose na sodium alginate nk'umusemburo w'umwimerere, shyiraho uburyo bwo gucapa ibara ry'umusemburo, kora imashini icapa irangi rikora, hanyuma utsinde imbonerahamwe y'ibizamini.

Kugereranya bitatueteri za selulose na

Imiterere yo gucapa ya sodium alginate.

1.4.3 Ingingo z'ubushakashatsi ku dushya

(1) Guhindura imyanda ubutunzi, gukuramo selulosi nziza cyane mu myanda y'ibimera, ibyo byongera isoko ya selulosi

Uburyo bushya, kandi icyarimwe, ku rugero runaka, bukemura ikibazo cyo kongera gukoresha ibikoresho fatizo by’ibimera n’ihumana ry’ibidukikije; kandi bunoza fibre

Uburyo bwo gukuramo.

(2) Gusuzuma no gusimbuza ibikoresho bigabanya ubushyuhe bya cellulose, ibikoresho bikunze gukoreshwa nka aside chloroacetic (ifite uburozi bwinshi), oxide ethylene (itera

Kanseri), n'ibindi byangiza umubiri w'umuntu n'ibidukikije. Muri iyi nyandiko, sodium chloroacetate na 2-chloroethanol bifasha mu kugabanya ibidukikije bikoreshwa nk'ibintu bitera etherification.

Aho gukoresha aside chloroacetic na oxide ethylene, hategurwa ether za cellulose. (3) Ether ya cellulose iboneka ikoreshwa mu gucapa irangi rikoreshwa mu myenda ya cotton, ibyo bikaba bitanga ishingiro ry’ubushakashatsi ku bintu bisimbura sodium alginate.

reba kuri.