Kakaretso:
1. Moemeli oa ho kolobisa le ho qhalakanya
2. Sefoametsi sa ho tlosa letheba
3. Sekotwana
4. Lisebelisoa tse etsang filimi
5. Sehlahisoa se thibelang ho bola, ho thibela hlobo le ho thibela bolele
6. Lisebelisoa tse ling
1 Moemeli oa ho kolobisa le ho qhalanya:
Liaparo tse thehiloeng metsing li sebelisa metsi e le solvent kapa pharalatso, 'me metsi a na le constant e kholo ea dielectric, kahoo liaparo tse thehiloeng metsing li tsitsisoa haholo ke ho sutumelletsa ha motlakase ha lera le habeli la motlakase le fetana. Ho phaella moo, tsamaisong ea ho koahela metsi, hangata ho na le li-polymer le li-surfactant tse seng tsa ionic, tse monngoang holim'a pigment filler, li etsa steric e thibelang le ho tsitsisa ho hasana. Ka hona, pente le emulsion tse thehiloeng metsing li fumana liphetho tse tsitsitseng ka ketso e kopanetsoeng ea electrostatic repulsion le steric e sitisang. Bothata ba eona ke ho hanyetsa ha electrolyte ho fokolang, haholo-holo bakeng sa li-electrolyte tse theko e phahameng.
1.1 Moemeli oa ho kolobisa
Lintho tse kolobisang bakeng sa ho roala ka metsi li arotsoe ka anionic le nonionic.
Motsoako oa sesebelisoa sa ho kolobisa le sesebelisoa sa ho qhalakanya o ka fihlella liphetho tse ntle. Palo ea sesebelisoa sa ho kolobisa hangata ke tse 'maloa ho tse sekete. Phello ea eona e mpe ke ho fofonela le ho fokotsa ho hanyetsa metsi ha filimi ea ho kolobisa.
E 'ngoe ea mekhoa ea nts'etsopele ea metsoako ea ho kolobisa ke ho nkela metsoako ea ho kolobisa ea polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ether (APEO kapa APE) sebaka butle-butle, hobane e lebisa phokotsong ea lihormone tsa banna ho likhoto 'me e sitisa endocrine. Li-phenol ether tsa polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) li sebelisoa haholo e le li-emulsifier nakong ea polymerization ea emulsion.
Li-surfactant tse peli le tsona ke lintho tse ncha tse ncha tse etsahalang. Ke limolek'hule tse peli tse phelang metsing tse hokahaneng ka spacer. Tšobotsi e hlahelletseng ka ho fetisisa ea li-surfactant tse peli ke hore mahloriso a bohlokoa a micelle (CMC) a tlase ho feta a li-surfactant tsa tsona tsa "sele e le 'ngoe", a lateloa ke bokhoni bo phahameng. Joalo ka TEGO Twin 4000, ke surfactant ea siloxane ea lisele tse peli, 'me e na le foam e sa tsitsang le thepa ea ho tlosa mafome.
Air Products e hlahisitse li-surfactants tsa Gemini. Li-surfactants tsa setso li na le mohatla o sa hlokeng metsi le hlooho e sa hlokeng metsi, empa surfactant ena e ncha e na le lihlopha tse peli tse hlokang metsi le lihlopha tse peli kapa tse tharo tse hlokang metsi, e leng surfactant e sebetsang ka mesebetsi e mengata, e tsejoang e le acetylene glycols, lihlahisoa tse kang EnviroGem AD01.
1.2 Sehatsetsi
Dispersants bakeng sa pente ea latex li arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mene: dispersants tsa phosphate, dispersants tsa polyacid homopolymer, dispersants tsa polyacid copolymer le dispersants tse ling.
Di-dispersant tsa phosphate tse sebediswang haholo ke di-polyphosphate, tse kang sodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, sehlahiswa sa BK Giulini Chemical Company Jeremane), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) le tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP). Mokgwa wa tshebetso ya yona ke ho tsitsisa kgatello ya motlakase ka ho kopanya haeterojene le ho kopanngwa ha dikhemikhale. Molemo wa yona ke hore tekanyo e tlase, e ka bang 0.1%, mme e na le phello e ntle ya ho hasana hodima di-pigment le di-filler tse sa pheleng. Empa hape ho na le dikgaello: e nngwe, hammoho le ho phahamisa boleng ba pH le mocheso, polyphosphate e haellwa habonolo, e baka botsitso ba nako e telele ba polokelo; Ho qhalana ho sa fellang bohareng ho tla ama kganya ya pente e benyang ya latex.
Li-dispersant tsa phosphate ester ke metsoako ea monoesters, diesters, alcohols tse setseng le phosphoric acid.
Dispersants tsa phosphate ester di tsitsisa diphapang tsa pigment, ho kenyeletswa le di-pigment tse arabelang jwalo ka zinc oxide. Mefuteng ya pente e benyang, e ntlafatsa kganya le ho hlweka. Ho fapana le di-additives tse ding tse kolobisang le tse hasanyang, ho eketsoa ha dispersants tsa phosphate ester ha ho ame viscosity ya KU le ICI ya seaparo.
Sehlahisoa sa homopolymer sa polyacid, joalo ka Tamol 1254 le Tamol 850, Tamol 850 ke homopolymer ea methacrylic acid. Sehlahisoa sa homopolymer sa polyacid, joalo ka Orotan 731A, e leng copolymer ea diisobutylene le maleic acid. Litšobotsi tsa mefuta ena e 'meli ea lihlahisoa ke hore li hlahisa adsorption e matla kapa ho khomarela holim'a li-pigment le li-filler, li na le liketane tse telele tsa limolek'hule ho etsa steric irrestriction, 'me li na le ho qhibiliha ha metsi lipheletsong tsa ketane,' me tse ling li tlatsetsoa ka electrostatic repulsion ho fihlela liphetho tse tsitsitseng. Ho etsa hore sehlahisoa se be le disaspersibility e ntle, boima ba limolek'hule bo tlameha ho laoloa ka thata. Haeba boima ba limolek'hule bo le bonyenyane haholo, ho ke ke ha e-ba le steric irrestriction e lekaneng; haeba boima ba limolek'hule bo le boholo haholo, ho tla ba le flocculation. Bakeng sa lihlahisoa tsa polyacrylate, phello e ntle ka ho fetisisa ea disaspersition e ka finyelloa haeba tekanyo ea polymerization e le 12-18.
Mefuta e meng ea li-dispersant, tse kang AMP-95, e na le lebitso la lik'hemik'hale la 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Sehlopha sa amino se monngoa holim'a likaroloana tse sa pheleng, 'me sehlopha sa hydroxyl se atolohela metsing, a bapalang karolo ea botsitso ka tšitiso ea steric. Ka lebaka la boholo ba eona bo bonyenyane, tšitiso ea steric e lekanyelitsoe. AMP-95 ke haholo-holo taolo ea pH.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, lipatlisiso mabapi le dispersants li hlōtse bothata ba ho flocculation bo bakoang ke boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule, 'me nts'etsopele ea boima bo phahameng ba limolek'hule ke e 'ngoe ea mekhoa. Mohlala, dispersant e phahameng ea limolek'hule e hlahisoang ke emulsion polymerization e ntlafalitsoe ka ho khetheha bakeng sa liaparo tsa indasteri tse thehiloeng metsing, tse loketseng ho hasana ha pigment ea tlhaho le e sa tloaelehang, 'me e na le khanyetso e ntle ea metsi.
Lihlopha tsa amino li na le kamano e ntle bakeng sa li-pigment tse ngata ka ho kopanya acid-base kapa hydrogen. Sehlahisoa sa block copolymer se nang le aminoacrylic acid joalo ka sehlopha se khomarelang se 'nile sa eloa hloko.
Sehlahisoa se nang le dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate e le sehlopha se tiisang
Setlolo sa Tego Dispers 655 se kolobisang le ho qhalanya se sebediswa penteng ya dikoloi e tsamayang ka metsi, eseng feela ho shebana le mebala empa hape le ho thibela phofo ya aluminium ho kopana le metsi.
Ka lebaka la matšoenyeho a tikoloho, ho se ho qapiloe metsoako ea ho kolobisa le ho qhalakanya e ka bolang, joalo ka metsoako ea EnviroGem AE ea ho kolobisa le ho qhalakanya, e leng metsoako ea ho kolobisa le ho qhalakanya e nang le foam e tlase.
2 sesebelisoa sa ho tlosa foam:
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-defoamer tsa pente tsa setso tse thehiloeng metsing, tseo ka kakaretso li arotsoeng ka mekhahlelo e meraro: li-defoamer tsa oli ea diminerale, li-defoamer tsa polysiloxane le li-defoamer tse ling.
Hangata ho sebelisoa li-defoamer tsa oli ea diminerale, haholo-holo penteng ea latex e bataletseng le e benyang hanyane.
Li-defoamer tsa polysiloxane li na le khatello e tlase ea bokaholimo, bokhoni bo matla ba ho tlosa le ho thibela ho foa, 'me ha li ame khanya, empa ha li sebelisoa hampe, li tla baka liphoso tse kang ho fokotseha ha filimi ea ho roala le ho se khone ho roaloa hape.
Mechini ea setso ea ho hloekisa pente e thehiloeng metsing ha e lumellane le karolo ea metsi ho fihlela morero oa ho hloekisa pente, kahoo ho bonolo ho hlahisa liphoso tsa bokaholimo filiming ea ho koahela.
Lilemong tsa morao tjena, ho 'nile ha hlahisoa li-defoamer tsa boemo ba limolek'hule.
Sehlahisoa sena sa ho thibela ho foa ke polymer e entsoeng ka ho kopanya ka ho toba lintho tse sebetsang tse thibelang ho foamela holim'a ntho e jereng. Ketane ea limolek'hule ea polymer e na le sehlopha sa hydroxyl e kolobisang, ntho e sebetsang e thibelang ho foamela e ajoa ho potoloha molek'hule, ntho e sebetsang ha e bonolo ho e kopanya, 'me ho lumellana le sistimi ea ho roala ho hotle. Li-defoamer tse joalo tsa boemo ba limolek'hule li kenyelletsa oli ea diminerale - letoto la FoamStar A10, letoto le nang le silicon - letoto la FoamStar A30, le li-polymer tse seng tsa silicon, tse seng tsa oli - letoto la FoamStar MF.
Ho boetse ho tlalehoa hore defoamer ena ea boemo ba limolek'hule e sebelisa li-polymer tsa linaleli tse kentsoeng ka holimo e le li-surfactant tse sa lumellaneng, 'me e fihletse liphetho tse ntle lits'ebetsong tsa ho koahela tse thehiloeng metsing. Defoamer ea boemo ba limolek'hule ea Air Products e tlalehiloeng ke Stout et al. ke moemeli oa taolo ea foam le defoamer e thehiloeng ho acetylene glycol e nang le thepa ea ho kolobisa, joalo ka Surfynol MD 20 le Surfynol DF 37.
Ho phaella moo, e le ho fihlela ditlhoko tsa ho hlahisa dikoahelo tsa zero-VOC, ho boetse ho na le di-defoamer tse se nang VOC, tse kang Agitan 315, Agitan E 255, jj.
Li-thickeners tse 3:
Ho na le mefuta e mengata ea li-thickeners, tse sebelisoang haholo hona joale ke cellulose ether le li-thickeners tse tsoang ho eona, li-thickeners tse kopantsoeng tsa alkali-swellable (HASE) le li-thickeners tsa polyurethane (HEUR).
3.1. Cellulose ether le lintho tse tsoang ho eona
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) e qalile ho hlahisoa indastering ke Union Carbide Company ka 1932, 'me e na le nalane ea lilemo tse fetang 70. Hona joale, lintho tse tenyang tsa cellulose ether le lintho tse tsoang ho eona li kenyelletsa haholo-holo hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base cellulose (MHPC), methyl cellulose (MC) le xanthan gum, jj., tsena ke lintho tse tenyang tse seng tsa ionic, 'me hape ke tsa lintho tse tenyang tse sa amaneng le metsi. Har'a tsona, HEC ke eona e sebelisoang haholo penteng ea latex.
Selulose e fetotsweng ka hydrophobically (HMHEC) e hlahisa sehlopha se senyenyane sa dihlopha tsa alkyl tse nang le ketane e telele tse sa tshwaetseng hydrophobic mokokotlong wa cellulose ho ba sethibela-maikutlo, jwalo ka Natrosol Plus Grade 330, 331, Cellosize SG-100, Bermocoll EHM-100. Phello ya yona ya ho teteana e tshwana le ya dithibela-maikutlo tsa ether tsa cellulose tse nang le boima bo boholo ba dimolek'hule. E ntlafatsa viscosity le ho leka-lekana ha ICI, mme e fokotsa kgatello ya bokahodimo, jwalo ka kgatello ya bokahodimo ya HEC e ka bang 67mN/m, mme kgatello ya bokahodimo ya HMHEC ke 55-65mN/m.
3.2 Setenya se ka ruruhang sa alkali
Dithickeners tse ruruhang tsa alkali di arotsoe ka mekhahlelo e mmedi: dithickeners tse sa associated alkali-swellable (ASE) le dithickeners tse associated alkali-swellable (HASE), e leng dithickeners tsa anionic. ASE e sa amaneng le yona ke emulsion ya ho ruruha ha alkali ya polyacrylate. HASE e associated ke emulsion ya ho ruruha ha alkali ya polyacrylate e fetotsweng ka hydrophobically.
3.3. Setenya sa polyurethane le setenya se sa fetolweng ke hydrophobically se sa fetolweng ke polyurethane
Sethibisi sa polyurethane, se bitsoang HEUR, ke polymer e qhibilihang ka metsing e fetotsweng ke sehlopha sa hydrophobic ethoxylated polyurethane, e leng ya sethibisi se sa amaneng le ionic. HEUR e bopilwe ka dikarolo tse tharo: sehlopha sa hydrophobic, ketane ya hydrophilic le sehlopha sa polyurethane. Sehlopha sa hydrophobic se bapala karolo ya kopano mme ke ntlha ya bohlokwa bakeng sa ho teteana, hangata oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, jj. Ketane ya hydrophilic e ka fana ka botsitso ba dikhemikhale le botsitso ba viscosity, tse sebediswang haholo ke di-polyether, tse kang polyoxyethylene le di-derivative tsa yona. Ketane ya dimolek'hule ya HEUR e atoloswa ke dihlopha tsa polyurethane, tse kang IPDI, TDI le HMDI. Tšobotsi ya sebopeho sa dithibisi tsa associative ke hore di fediswa ke dihlopha tsa hydrophobic. Leha ho le jwalo, tekanyo ya ho nkela dihlopha tsa hydrophobic dipheletsong ka bobedi tsa di-HEUR tse ding tse fumanehang kgwebong e tlase ho feta 0.9, mme se setle ka ho fetisisa ke 1.7 feela. Maemo a karabelo a lokela ho laolwa ka thata ho fumana sethibisi sa polyurethane se nang le kabo e tshesane ya boima ba dimolek'hule le tshebetso e tsitsitseng. Bongata ba HEUR bo hlahisoa ka polymerization e tsamaeang ka mohato, kahoo HEUR tse fumanehang khoebong hangata ke metsoako ea boima bo boholo ba limolek'hule.
Richey le ba bang ba sebelisitse fluorescent tracer pyrene association thickener (PAT, palo e tloaelehileng ea boima ba limolek'hule 30000, karolelano ea boima ba limolek'hule 60000) ho fumana hore ka har'a 0.02% (boima), tekanyo ea ho bokellana ha micelle ea Acrysol RM-825 le PAT e ne e le hoo e ka bang 6. Matla a ho kopanya pakeng tsa thickener le bokaholimo ba likaroloana tsa latex ke hoo e ka bang 25 KJ/mol; sebaka se nkiloeng ke molek'hule e 'ngoe le e 'ngoe ea thickener ea PAT holim'a likaroloana tsa latex ke hoo e ka bang 13 nm2, e leng hoo e ka bang sebaka se nkiloeng ke Triton X-405 wetting agent ka makhetlo a 14 ho feta 0.9 nm2. Associated polyurethane thickener joalo ka RM-2020NPR, DSX 1550, jj.
Ntlafatso ea li-thickener tsa polyurethane tse sebelisanang le tikoloho e amohetse tlhokomelo e pharaletseng. Mohlala, BYK-425 ke sethickener sa polyurethane se fetotsoeng ke urea se se nang VOC le APEO. Rheolate 210, Borchi Gel 0434, Tego ViscoPlus 3010, 3030 le 3060 ke tsona. Ke sethickener sa polyurethane se kopantsoeng se se nang VOC le APEO.
Ntle le di-thickeners tsa polyurethane tse kopaneng tse hlalositsoeng ka hodimo, ho boetse ho na le di-thickeners tsa polyurethane tse tshwanang le comb. Se bitswang comb association polyurethane thickener se bolela hore ho na le sehlopha sa pendant hydrophobic bohareng ba molek'hule e nngwe le e nngwe ya thickener. Di-thickeners tse kang SCT-200 le SCT-275 jj.
Sethinya sa aminoplast se fetotsweng ka hydrophobically (sethinya sa aminoplast se fetotsweng ka hydrophobically ethoxylated—HEAT) se fetola resin e ikgethang ya amino ho ba dihlopha tse nne tse nang le hydrophobic capped, empa karabelo ya dibaka tsena tse nne tsa karabelo e fapane. Ho kenyelletsong e tlwaelehileng ya dihlopha tse nang le hydrophobic, ho na le dihlopha tse pedi feela tse thibetsweng ka hydrophobic, kahoo sethinya sa amino se fetotsweng ka hydrophobic sa maiketsetso ha se fapane haholo le HEUR, jwalo ka Optiflo H 500. Haeba ho eketswa dihlopha tse ngata tse nang le hydrophobic, tse kang ho fihla ho 8%, maemo a karabelo a ka fetolwa ho hlahisa dithinya tsa amino tse nang le dihlopha tse ngata tse thibetsweng ka hydrophobic. Ehlile, sena le sona ke sethinya sa kampa. Sethinya sena sa amino se fetotsweng ka hydrophobic se ka thibela viscosity ya pente ho theoha ka lebaka la ho eketswa ha di-surfactants tse ngata le di-solvent tsa glycol ha ho eketswa ho bapisa mebala. Lebaka ke hore dihlopha tse matla tse nang le hydrophobic di ka thibela ho ntshwa ha metsi, mme dihlopha tse ngata tse nang le hydrophobic di na le kamano e matla. Dithinya tse jwalo ka Optiflo TVS.
Sethibela-matla sa polyether se fetotsweng ka hydrophobic (HMPE) Tshebetso ya sethibela-matla sa polyether se fetotsweng ka hydrophobically se tshwana le HEUR, mme dihlahiswa di kenyeletsa Aquaflow NLS200, NLS210 le NHS300 tsa Hercules.
Mokhoa oa eona oa ho teteana ke phello ea ho kopana ha haeterojene le ho kopana ha lihlopha tsa qetello. Ha e bapisoa le li-thickeners tse tloaelehileng, e na le thepa e betere ea ho thibela ho tsitsisa le ho thibela ho thella. Ho ea ka li-polarity tse fapaneng tsa lihlopha tsa qetello, li-thickeners tse fetotsoeng tsa polyurea li ka aroloa ka mefuta e meraro: li-thickeners tsa polyurea tse nang le polarity e tlase, li-thickeners tsa polyurea tse nang le polarity e mahareng le li-thickeners tsa polyurea tse nang le polarity e phahameng. Tse peli tsa pele li sebelisoa bakeng sa ho teteana ha li-coat tse thehiloeng ho solvent, ha li-thickeners tsa polyurea tse nang le polarity e phahameng li ka sebelisoa bakeng sa li-coat tse thehiloeng ho solvent tse nang le polarity e phahameng le li-coat tse thehiloeng metsing. Lihlahisoa tsa khoebo tsa li-thickeners tsa polyurea tse nang le polarity e tlase, polarity e mahareng le polarity e phahameng ke BYK-411, BYK-410 le BYK-420 ka ho latellana.
Setlolo sa boka ba polyamide se fetotsoeng ke setlatsetso sa rheological se entsoeng ka ho kenya lihlopha tse hydrophilic tse kang PEG ka har'a ketane ea limolek'hule tsa boka ba amide. Hona joale, lihlahisoa tse ling lia kenngoa 'me li sebelisoa haholo ho lokisa thixotropy ea sistimi le ho ntlafatsa anti-thixotropy. Tshebetso ea anti-sag.
Nako ea poso: Pulungoana-22-2022