Pfupiso:
1. Mushonga wekunyorovesa nekuparadzira
2. Mushonga wekubvisa ganda
3. Chinokora
4. Zvinowedzera kugadzira mafirimu
5. Mushonga wekudzivirira ngura, ngura uye wekudzivirira algae
6. Zvimwe zvinowedzerwa
1 Chinhu chinonyorovesa uye chinoparadzira:
Mapendi emvura anoshandisa mvura senzira yekunyungudutsa kana yekupararira, uye mvura ine dielectric constant yakakura, saka mapendi emvura anonyanya kugadzikana nekudzorwa kwemagetsi kana jira remagetsi rakapindana. Pamusoro pezvo, musystem yekudzivirira mvura, kazhinji kune mapolymer nemasurfactants asiri eionic, ayo anonamirwa pamusoro pepigment filler, zvichigadzira steric inhibitor uye zvinodzikamisa kupararira. Naizvozvo, pendi dzemvura uye emulsions dzinowana mhedzisiro yakagadzikana kuburikidza nekubatana kwe electrostatic repulsion uye steric inhibitor. Dambudziko rayo nderekusagadzikana kwe electrolyte, kunyanya kune electrolytes dzinodhura zvakanyanya.
1.1 Mushonga wekunyorovesa
Zvinonyorovesa zvemachira anoputirwa nemvura zvakakamurwa kuita anionic uye nonionic.
Kusanganiswa kwechinhu chinonyorovesa nechinonyungudutsa kunogona kuwana mhedzisiro yakanaka. Huwandu hwechinhu chinonyorovesa hunowanzova hushoma pazviuru. Mhedzisiro yahwo yakaipa ndeyekuburitsa furo uye kuderedza kuramba kwemvura kwefirimu rinomonera.
Imwe yenzira dzekuvandudza zvinhu zvinonyorovesa ndeyekutsiva zvishoma nezvishoma zvinhu zvinonyorovesa zve polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ether (APEO kana APE), nekuti zvinoderedza mahormone echirume mumakonzo uye zvinokanganisa endocrine. Polyoxyethylene alkyl (benzene) phenol ethers dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya se emulsifiers panguva ye emulsion polymerization.
Matwin surfactants imhando itsva yekuvandudzwa. Iamphiphilic molecules mbiri dzinobatanidzwa nespacer. Chinhu chinonyanya kuzivikanwa nezvetwin-cell surfactants ndechekuti critical micelle concentration (CMC) yakaderera kupfuura yesingle-cell surfactants, ichiteverwa nekushanda zvakanaka. Sezvakaita TEGO Twin 4000, itwin cell siloxane surfactant, uye ine furo risingachinji uye defoaming properties.
Air Products yakagadzira maGemini surfactants. Ma surfactants echinyakare ane muswe unonyungudika uye musoro unonyungudika, asi iyi surfactant itsva ine mapoka maviri anonyungudika uye mapoka maviri kana matatu anonyungudika, inova surfactant inoshanda zvakawanda, inozivikanwa seacetylene glycols, zvigadzirwa zvakaita seEnviroGem AD01.
1.2 Muchina wekuparadzira
Zvinodimbura pendi yelatex zvakakamurwa kuita zvikamu zvina: zvinodimbura phosphate, zvinodimbura polyacid homopolymer, zvinodimbura polyacid copolymer nezvimwe zvinodimbura.
Mafosfeti anonyanya kushandiswa ipolyphosphates, akadai sesodium hexametaphosphate, sodium polyphosphate (Calgon N, chigadzirwa cheBK Giulini Chemical Company muGermany), potassium tripolyphosphate (KTPP) uye tetrapotassium pyrophosphate (TKPP). Maitiro ayo ndeekudzikamisa electrostatic repulsion kuburikidza nehydrogen bonding uye chemical adsorption. Zvakanakira zvayo ndezvekuti dosage yacho yakaderera, inenge 0.1%, uye ine simba rakanaka rekupararira painorganic pigments uye fillers. Asiwo pane kushomeka: iyo, pamwe nekukwira kwepH value netembiricha, polyphosphate inonyungudika nyore nyore, inokonzera kusagadzikana kwenguva refu kwekuchengetedza; Kusapera kwakakwana pakati pepakati kunokanganisa gloss ye latex pendi.
Zvinoparadzira phosphate ester musanganiswa we monoesters, diesters, residual alcohols uye phosphoric acid.
Zvidimbu zvephosphate ester zvinosimbisa kupararira kwepigment, kusanganisira mapigment anochinja-chinja akadai se zinc oxide. Mukugadzirwa kwependi inopenya, inovandudza kupenya uye kuchena. Kusiyana nezvimwe zvinowedzera kunyorovesa nekupararira, kuwedzerwa kwephosphate ester dispersants hakukanganisi kupenya kweKU neICI kwependi.
Polyacid homopolymer dispersant, yakaita seTamol 1254 neTamol 850, Tamol 850 ihomopolymer yemethacrylic acid. Polyacid copolymer dispersant, yakaita seOrotan 731A, inova copolymer yediisobutylene ne maleic acid. Hunhu hwemhando mbiri idzi dze dispersants ndehwekuti dzinoburitsa adsorption yakasimba kana kuti anchoring pamusoro pe pigments ne fillers, dzine ma molecular chains akareba ekuumba steric constriction, uye dzine water solubility pamagumo e chain, uye dzimwe dzinowedzerwa ne electrostatic repulsion kuti dziwane mhedzisiro yakagadzikana. Kuti dispersant ive nekupararira kwakanaka, molecular weight inofanira kudzorwa zvakasimba. Kana molecular weight iri diki zvakanyanya, pachava nekusakwana kwesteric constriction; kana molecular weight yakanyanya kukura, flocculation ichaitika. Kune polyacrylate dispersants, mhedzisiro yakanaka yekupararira inogona kuwanikwa kana dhigirii re polymerization iri 12-18.
Mamwe marudzi ezviparadzira, akadai seAMP-95, ane zita remakemikari rekuti 2-amino-2-methyl-1-propanol. Boka remaamino rinonamirwa pamusoro pezvinhu zvisingasanganisike, uye boka rehydroxyl rinotambanukira mumvura, iro rinoita basa rekudzikamisa kuburikidza nekuvharirwa kwesteric. Nekuda kwehukuru hwaro hudiki, kuvharirwa kwesteric kwakaganhurirwa. AMP-95 inonyanya kudzora pH.
Mumakore achangopfuura, tsvakiridzo yezvinoparadzira yakakunda dambudziko rekuti zvinhu zvinoparadzira zvinofamba-famba nekuda kwehuremu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru, uye kukura kwehuremu hwakawanda hwemamorekuru ndeimwe yenzira dziri kufarirwa. Semuenzaniso, chinhu chinoparadzira huremu hwakawanda cheEFKA-4580 chinogadzirwa ne emulsion polymerization chakagadzirwa zvakanyanya kuti chishandiswe mumaindasitiri, chakakodzera kupararira kwepigment yeorganic ne inorganic, uye chinodzivirira mvura zvakanaka.
Mapoka emaamino ane hukama hwakanaka nemavara akawanda kuburikidza neacid-base kana hydrogen bonding. Chidimbu che block copolymer chine aminoacrylic acid seboka rinobata zvinhu chakatariswa.
Chinonyungudutsa ne dimethylaminoethyl methacrylate seboka rinonamira
Chinonyorovesa uye chinoparadzira cheTego Dispers 655 chinoshandiswa mupendi dzemotokari dzinofambiswa nemvura kwete kungotarisa pigments chete asiwo kudzivirira kuti upfu hwearuminiyamu husasanganiswe nemvura.
Nekuda kwekunetseka nezvezvakatipoteredza, zvinhu zvinonyorovesa uye zvinoparadzira zvinoora zvakagadzirwa, zvakaita seEnviroGem AE series twin-cell wetting and dispersing agents, izvo zvinhu zvinonyorovesa uye zvinoparadzira zvine furo shoma.
2 mushonga wekubvisa ganda:
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvinoshandiswa pakuchenesa pendi zvechinyakare zvinobva mumvura, izvo zvinowanzo patsanurwa muzvikamu zvitatu: zvinoshandisa mafuta emineral defoamer, zvinoshandisa polysiloxane defoamer nezvimwe zvinoshandiswa pakuchenesa pendi.
Ma "mineral oil defoamers" anoshandiswa zvakanyanya, kunyanya mu "flat" uye "semi-gloss latex pendi".
Mapolysiloxane defoamers ane simba shoma rekukwesha pamusoro, simba guru rekukwesha uye rekudzivirira furo, uye haakanganisi kupenya, asi kana akashandiswa zvisina kunaka, anokonzera zvikanganiso zvakaita sekuderera kwefirimu rekukwesha uye kusakwanisa kudzokororwa zvakanaka.
Zvinoshandiswa pakuchenesa pendi zvechinyakare zvinoshandisa mvura hazvienderane nechikamu chemvura kuti zvizadzise chinangwa chekuchenesa pendi, saka zviri nyore kukonzera zvikanganiso pamusoro pefirimu rekuputira.
Mumakore achangopfuura, ma "molecular-level defoamers" akagadzirwa.
Iyi antifoaming agent ipolymer inoumbwa nekubatanidza zvakananga zvinhu zvinoshanda zvinodzivirira foaming pane chinhu chinotakura. Cheni yemamorekuru yepolymer ine boka rehydroxyl rinonyorovesa, chinhu chinoshanda chinobvisa foaming chinopararira chakatenderedza molecule, chinhu chinoshanda hachive nyore kubatanidza, uye chinoenderana nehurongwa hwekuputira zvakanaka. Izvi zvinobvisa foaming zvine mwero wemamorekuru zvinosanganisira mafuta emaminerari — FoamStar A10 series, silicon-containing — FoamStar A30 series, uye non-silicon, non-oil polymers — FoamStar MF series.
Zvinonziwo iyi molekile inoshandisa super-grafted star polymers sema surfactants asingaenderane, uye yakawana mhedzisiro yakanaka mukushandiswa kwe water-based coating. Air Products molecular-grade defoamer yakataurwa naStout et al. i acetylene glycol-based foam control agent uye defoamer ine zvese zviri zviviri hunhu hwekunyorovesa, senge Surfynol MD 20 naSurfynol DF 37.
Pamusoro pezvo, kuti zvizadzise zvinodiwa pakugadzira machira asina VOC, kunewo ma defoamers asina VOC, akadai seAgitan 315, Agitan E 255, nezvimwewo.
3 Zvikobvu:
Kune mhando dzakawanda dzezvikukutu, zvinoshandiswa pari zvino zvinosanganisira cellulose ether nezvikukutu zvayo, associative alkali-swellable thickeners (HASE) uye polyurethane thickeners (HEUR).
3.1. Cellulose ether nezvinobva mairi
Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) yakatanga kugadzirwa mumaindasitiri neUnion Carbide Company muna 1932, uye ine nhoroondo yemakore anopfuura 70. Parizvino, zvinosimbisa cellulose ether nezvimwe zvinobva mairi zvinosanganisira hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC), methyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (MHEC), ethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose (EHEC), methyl hydroxypropyl Base cellulose (MHPC), methyl cellulose (MC) uye xanthan gum, nezvimwewo, izvi zvinosimbisa non-ionic, uye zvakare ndezvezvinhu zvinosimbisa non-associated water phase. Pakati pazvo, HEC ndiyo inonyanya kushandiswa mu latex pendi.
Hydrophobically modified cellulose (HMHEC) inoisa huwandu hushoma hwema long-chain hydrophobic alkyl groups pa hydrophilic backbone ye cellulose kuti ive associative thickener, senge Natrosol Plus Grade 330, 331, Cellosize SG-100, Bermocoll EHM-100. Kusimba kwayo kwakafanana nekwe cellulose ether thickeners dzine huremu hwakakura hwemamorekuru. Inovandudza viscosity uye leveling yeICI, uye inoderedza kusimba kwepamusoro, senge kusimba kwepamusoro kweHEC kuri 67mN/m, uye kusimba kwepamusoro kweHMHEC kuri 55-65mN/m.
3.2 Chinokora chinokwanisa kuzvimba cheAlkali
Zvidimbu zvinonyungudika zvealkali zvakakamurwa kuita mapoka maviri: zvidimbu zvinonyungudika zvealkali (ASE) uye zvidimbu zvinonyungudika zvealkali (HASE), izvo zvinonyungudika zveanionic. Zvidimbu zvisinganyungudike imulsion yepolyacrylate alkali kuzvimba. Associative HASE imulsion yepolyacrylate alkali kuzvimba yakachinjwa hydrophobically.
3.3. Chinokora chepolyurethane uye chinokora chisina polyurethane chakagadziriswa mumvura
Polyurethane thickener, inonzi HEUR, ipolymer inonyungudika yehydrophobic group-modified ethoxylated polyurethane water-soluble polymer, iyo iri ye non-ionic associative thickener. HEUR inoumbwa nezvikamu zvitatu: hydrophobic group, hydrophilic chain uye polyurethane group. Hydrophobic group inoita basa rekubatana uye ndiyo chinhu chikuru chekukora, kazhinji oleyl, octadecyl, dodecylphenyl, nonylphenol, nezvimwewo. Hydrophilic chain inogona kupa kugadzikana kwemakemikari uye kugadzikana kwe viscosity, inowanzoshandiswa polyethers, dzakadai se polyoxyethylene nezvimwe zvinobva mairi. Molecular chain ye HEUR inowedzerwa ne polyurethane groups, dzakadai se IPDI, TDI ne HMDI. Hunhu hwe associative thickeners ndehwekuti dzinogumiswa ne hydrophobic groups. Zvisinei, mwero wekutsiva hydrophobic groups kumativi ese emamwe ma HEURs ari kutengeswa wakaderera pane 0.9, uye yakanakisa i1.7 chete. Mamiriro ekuita anofanirwa kudzorwa zvakasimba kuti uwane polyurethane thickener ine kupararira kwakamanikana kwemolecular weight uye kushanda kwakasimba. MaHEUR mazhinji anogadzirwa ne stepwise polymerization, saka maHEUR anowanikwa mukutengeserana anowanzo kuve musanganiswa we broad molecular weights.
Richey nevamwe vake vakashandisa fluorescent tracer pyrene association thickener (PAT, nhamba yeavhareji yehuremu hwemamorekuru 30000, huremu hweavhareji yehuremu hwemamorekuru 60000) kuti vaone kuti pahuwandu hwe0.02% (huremu), micelle aggregation degree yeAcrysol RM-825 nePAT yaive inenge 6. Simba rekubatana pakati pe thickener nepamusoro pe latex particles inenge 25 KJ/mol; nzvimbo inogarwa ne PAT thickener molecule yega yega pamusoro pe latex particles inenge 13 nm2, iyo inenge nzvimbo inogarwa ne Triton X-405 wetting agent ka14 kupfuura 0.9 nm2. Associative polyurethane thickener yakaita se RM-2020NPR, DSX 1550, nezvimwewo.
Kugadzirwa kwezviputi zvepolyurethane zvisingakuvadzi zvakatipoteredza kwave kutariswa zvakanyanya. Semuenzaniso, BYK-425 ipurasitiki inogadziriswa urea isina VOC neAPEO. Rheolate 210, Borchi Gel 0434, Tego ViscoPlus 3010, 3030 uye 3060 ndizvo zvinoputira polyurethane isina VOC neAPEO.
Pamusoro pezvinhu zvinosanganisa polyurethane zvine mutsara zvatsanangurwa pamusoro apa, kunewo zvinhu zvinosanganisa polyurethane zvine mutsara. Izvi zvinonzi zvinhu zvinosanganisa polyurethane zvinoreva kuti pane boka re hydrophobic riri pakati pemorekuru yega yega ine mutsara. Zvinhu zvinosanganisa zvakaita seSCT-200 neSCT-275 nezvimwewo.
Chinotinha cheaminoplast chakagadziriswa nehydrophobic (hydrophobically modified ethoxylated aminoplast thickener—HEAT) chinoshandura amino resin chaiyo kuita mapoka mana ane hydrophobic caps, asi reactivity yenzvimbo idzi ina dzereaction yakasiyana. Mukuwedzerwa kwakajairika kwemapoka ehydrophobic, kune mapoka maviri chete ehydrophobic akavharika, saka synthetic hydrophobic modified amino thickener haina kusiyana zvakanyanya neHEUR, senge Optiflo H 500. Kana mapoka akawanda ehydrophobic akawedzerwa, senge anosvika 8%, mamiriro ereaction anogona kugadziriswa kuti agadzire amino thickeners ane mapoka akawanda ehydrophobic akavharika. Ehe, ichi chinotinhawo checomb. Ichi chinotinha cheamino chakagadziriswa nehydrophobic chinogona kudzivirira kudonha kwepende nekuda kwekuwedzerwa kwehuwandu hwakawanda hwema surfactants uye glycol solvents kana kufananidzwa kwemavara kuchiwedzerwa. Chikonzero ndechekuti mapoka akasimba ehydrophobic anogona kudzivirira desorption, uye mapoka akawanda ehydrophobic ane hukama hwakasimba. Zvinotinha zvakaita seOptiflo TVS.
Hydrophobic modified polyether thickener (HMPE) Kushanda kwehydrophobically modified polyether thickener kwakafanana neHEUR, uye zvigadzirwa zvinosanganisira Aquaflow NLS200, NLS210 uye NHS300 yeHercules.
Maitiro ayo ekukora ndiwo anokonzerwa nekusungana kwehydrogen uye kubatana kwemapoka ekupedzisira. Kana ichienzaniswa nezvinogokora zvakafanana, ine hunhu huri nani hwekudzivirira kugadzikana uye kusadzika. Zvichienderana nemapoka ekupedzisira akasiyana, zvinogokora zvepolyurea zvakagadziriswa zvinogona kukamurwa kuita mhando nhatu: zvinogokora zvepolyurea zvishoma, zvinogokora zvepakati uye zvinogokora zvepolyurea zvishoma. Zviviri zvekutanga zvinoshandiswa pakugokora zvine solvent, nepo zvinogokora zvine polarity zvinogona kushandiswa pakugokora zvine solvent zvakanyanya uye pakugokora zvine mvura zvakanyanya. Zvigadzirwa zvekutengeserana zvezvinogokora zvine polarity shoma, zvinogokora zvepakati uye zvinogokora zvine polarity yakawanda ndizvo BYK-411, BYK-410 uye BYK-420 zvakateerana.
Slurry ye polyamide wax yakagadziriswa chinhu chinowedzera rheological chinogadzirwa nekupinza mapoka e hydrophilic akadai se PEG mu molecular chain ye amide wax. Parizvino, mamwe marudzi anotengwa kunze kwenyika uye anonyanya kushandiswa kugadzirisa thixotropy yesystem uye kuvandudza anti-thixotropy. Kushanda kwe anti-sag.
Nguva yekutumira: Mbudzi-22-2022