1 Chiyambi
Cellulose ether (MC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri mumakampani opanga zida zomangira ndipo imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati retarder, chosungira madzi, chokhuthala komanso chomatira. Mu matope wamba osakanikirana ndi madzi, matope akunja oteteza khoma, matope odziyimira pawokha, guluu wa matailosi, putty yomanga yogwira ntchito bwino, putty yolimba mkati ndi kunja kwa khoma yosasweka, matope osakanikirana ndi madzi osalowetsedwa ndi madzi, pulasitala wa gypsum, chothandizira kuphimba ndi zinthu zina, ma ether a cellulose amachita gawo lofunika kwambiri. Cellulose ether imakhudza kwambiri kusunga madzi, kufunika kwa madzi, kugwirizana, kuchedwa ndi kapangidwe ka dongosolo la matope.
Pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mafotokozedwe a ma ether a cellulose. Ma ether a cellulose omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pakupanga zinthu zomangira ndi monga HEC, HPMC, CMC, PAC, MHEC, ndi zina zotero, zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito m'makina osiyanasiyana a matope malinga ndi makhalidwe awo. Anthu ena achita kafukufuku wokhudza momwe mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi kuchuluka kosiyana kwa ether ya cellulose imakhudzira dongosolo la matope a simenti. Nkhaniyi ikuyang'ana kwambiri pa izi ndikufotokoza momwe mungasankhire mitundu yosiyanasiyana ndi mafotokozedwe a ma ether a cellulose m'zinthu zosiyanasiyana za matope.
2 Makhalidwe abwino a ether ya cellulose mu simenti
Monga chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chosakanikirana mu matope ouma, cellulose ether imagwira ntchito zambiri mu matope. Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya cellulose ether mu matope a simenti ndikusunga madzi ndikukhuthala. Kuphatikiza apo, chifukwa cha kuyanjana kwake ndi simenti, ingathandizenso popereka mpweya, kuchedwetsa malo, komanso kukonza mphamvu ya ma tensile bond.
Ntchito yofunika kwambiri ya cellulose ether mu matope ndi kusunga madzi. Cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati kusakaniza kofunikira pafupifupi muzinthu zonse za matope, makamaka chifukwa cha kusunga madzi. Kawirikawiri, kusunga madzi kwa cellulose ether kumakhudzana ndi kukhuthala kwake, kuchuluka kwake, ndi kukula kwa tinthu.
Cellulose ether imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala, ndipo mphamvu yake yokhuthala imakhudzana ndi mphamvu ya ether, kukula kwa tinthu, kukhuthala ndi kusintha kwa ether ya cellulose. Kawirikawiri, mphamvu ya ether ya cellulose ether ikakwera komanso kukhuthala kwake, tinthu tating'onoting'ono timakhala tating'ono, mphamvu ya ether imaonekera kwambiri. Mwa kusintha makhalidwe a MC omwe ali pamwambapa, matope amatha kukwaniritsa mphamvu yoyenera yolimbana ndi kugwedezeka komanso kukhuthala kwabwino kwambiri.
Mu cellulose ether, kulowetsedwa kwa gulu la alkyl kumachepetsa mphamvu ya pamwamba pa yankho lamadzi lomwe lili ndi cellulose ether, kotero kuti cellulose ether imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya pa simenti. Kulowetsa thovu loyenera la mpweya mu matope kumawongolera magwiridwe antchito a matope chifukwa cha "mphamvu ya mpira" ya thovu la mpweya. Nthawi yomweyo, kulowetsedwa kwa thovu la mpweya kumawonjezera kuchuluka kwa kutulutsa kwa thovu. Zachidziwikire, kuchuluka kwa mpweya wolowetsa mpweya kuyenera kulamulidwa. Kulowetsedwa kwa mpweya wochulukirapo kudzakhala ndi zotsatira zoyipa pa mphamvu ya thovu, chifukwa thovu loopsa la mpweya likhoza kulowetsedwa.
2.1 Cellulose ether idzachedwetsa njira yothira madzi ya simenti, motero imachepetsa nthawi yokhazikitsa ndi kuuma kwa simenti, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yotsegulira matope moyenerera, koma izi sizoyenera kwa matope m'madera ozizira. Posankha cellulose ether, chinthu choyenera chiyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi momwe zinthu zilili. Mphamvu yochepetsera ya cellulose ether imakulitsidwa makamaka ndi kuchuluka kwa etherification yake, kusintha kwake ndi kukhuthala kwake.
Kuphatikiza apo, cellulose ether, monga chinthu cha polima chaunyolo wautali, imatha kukonza magwiridwe antchito ogwirizana ndi substrate pambuyo poti yawonjezedwa ku simenti pansi pa maziko osungira chinyezi cha slurry mokwanira.
2.2 Katundu wa cellulose ether mu matope makamaka ndi awa: kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kutalikitsa nthawi yoyika, kulowetsa mpweya ndikuwongolera mphamvu yomangirira, ndi zina zotero. Mogwirizana ndi kalembedwe kameneka, kamawonekera m'makhalidwe a MC yokha, monga: kukhuthala, kukhazikika, kuchuluka kwa zosakaniza zogwira ntchito (kuchuluka kowonjezera), kuchuluka kwa etherification m'malo mwake ndi kufanana kwake, kuchuluka kwa kusintha, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zovulaza, ndi zina zotero. Chifukwa chake, posankha MC, cellulose ether yokhala ndi makhalidwe ake omwe angapereke magwiridwe antchito oyenera iyenera kusankhidwa malinga ndi zofunikira za chinthu cha matope chomwe chimagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ntchito inayake.
3 Makhalidwe a efa ya cellulose
Kawirikawiri, malangizo a malonda omwe aperekedwa ndi opanga ma cellulose ether adzaphatikizapo zizindikiro zotsatirazi: mawonekedwe, kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa gulu, kusalala, kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito (kuyera), kuchuluka kwa chinyezi, madera ofunikira ndi mlingo, ndi zina zotero. Zizindikiro izi za magwiridwe antchito zimatha kuwonetsa gawo la ntchito ya cellulose ether, koma poyerekeza ndikusankha cellulose ether, zinthu zina monga kapangidwe kake ka mankhwala, kuchuluka kwa kusintha, kuchuluka kwa ether, kuchuluka kwa NaCl, ndi mtengo wa DS ziyeneranso kufufuzidwa.
3.1 Kukhuthala kwa efa ya cellulose
Kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose kumakhudza kusunga kwake madzi, kukhuthala, kuchedwa kwake ndi zina. Chifukwa chake, ndi chizindikiro chofunikira pofufuza ndikusankha etha ya cellulose.
Tisanakambirane za kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose, tiyenera kudziwa kuti pali njira zinayi zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa kukhuthala kwa etha ya cellulose: Brookfield, Hakke, Höppler, ndi rotational viscometer. Zipangizo, kuchuluka kwa yankho ndi malo oyesera omwe amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi njira zinayizi ndizosiyana, kotero zotsatira za yankho lomwelo la MC lomwe layesedwa ndi njira zinayizi ndizosiyana kwambiri. Ngakhale pa yankho lomwelo, pogwiritsa ntchito njira yomweyo, kuyesa pansi pa mikhalidwe yosiyanasiyana ya chilengedwe, kukhuthala kwa madzi.
Zotsatira zake zimasiyananso. Chifukwa chake, pofotokoza kukhuthala kwa ether ya cellulose, ndikofunikira kuwonetsa njira yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyesa, kuchuluka kwa yankho, rotor, liwiro lozungulira, kutentha koyesa ndi chinyezi ndi zinthu zina zachilengedwe. Kukhuthala kumeneku ndi kwamtengo wapatali. Palibe tanthauzo kungonena kuti "kukhuthala kwa MC inayake ndi chiyani".
3.2 Kukhazikika kwa Cellulose Ether mu Zinthu
Ma cellulose ether amadziwika kuti amatha kuukiridwa ndi ma cellulosic molds. Bowa likawononga cellulose ether, limaukira koyamba unit ya glucose yosatenthedwa mu cellulose ether. Monga compound yolunjika, unit ya glucose ikawonongeka, unyolo wonse wa mamolekyu umasweka, ndipo kukhuthala kwa zinthuzo kumatsika kwambiri. Unit ya glucose ikatenthedwa, nkhunguyo sidzawononga mosavuta unyolo wa mamolekyu. Chifukwa chake, kuchuluka kwa etherification substitution (DS value) ya cellulose ether kumakhala kwakukulu, kukhazikika kwake kudzakhala kwakukulu.
3.3 Zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu cellulose ether
Ngati zinthu zogwira ntchito zili zambiri mu cellulose ether, mtengo wake umakhala wapamwamba, kotero kuti zotsatira zake zikhale zabwino ndi mlingo womwewo. Chogwiritsira ntchito bwino mu cellulose ether ndi cellulose ether molecule, yomwe ndi chinthu chachilengedwe. Chifukwa chake, pofufuza kuchuluka kwa zinthu zogwira ntchito mu cellulose ether, zimatha kuonekera mwachindunji ndi phulusa pambuyo pa calcination.
3.4 NaCl yomwe ili mu ether ya cellulose
NaCl ndi chinthu chotsalira chomwe sichingapeweke popanga cellulose ether, chomwe nthawi zambiri chimayenera kuchotsedwa posamba kangapo, ndipo nthawi zambiri kusamba, NaCl imakhala yochepa. NaCl ndi chiopsezo chodziwika bwino cha dzimbiri la zitsulo ndi waya wachitsulo. Chifukwa chake, ngakhale kuti kutsuka NaCl m'madzi otayira nthawi zambiri kungapangitse kuti mtengo ukhale wokwera, posankha zinthu za MC, tiyenera kuyesetsa kusankha zinthu zomwe zili ndi NaCl yochepa.
4 Mfundo Zosankha Cellulose Etha Pazinthu Zosiyanasiyana Za Mtondo
Posankha ether ya cellulose ya zinthu za matope, choyamba, malinga ndi kufotokozera kwa buku la malangizo a mankhwalawa, sankhani zizindikiro zake zogwirira ntchito (monga kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa etherification, kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ogwira ntchito, kuchuluka kwa NaCl, ndi zina zotero) Makhalidwe ogwira ntchito ndi mfundo zosankhidwa.
4.1 Dongosolo lopyapyala la pulasitala
Potengera matope opaka pulasitala a dongosolo lopyapyala lopaka pulasitala mwachitsanzo, popeza matope opaka pulasitala amakhudza mwachindunji chilengedwe chakunja, pamwamba pake amataya madzi mwachangu, kotero kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira madzi kumafunika. Makamaka panthawi yomanga m'chilimwe, ndikofunikira kuti matopewo asunge chinyezi bwino kutentha kwambiri. Muyenera kusankha MC yokhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira, komwe kungaganizidwe mokwanira kudzera m'mbali zitatu: kukhuthala, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono, ndi kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera. Kawirikawiri, pansi pa mikhalidwe yomweyi, sankhani MC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwakukulu, ndipo poganizira zofunikira zogwirira ntchito, kukhuthala sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri. Chifukwa chake, MC yosankhidwa iyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira komanso kukhuthala kochepa. Pakati pa zinthu za MC, MH60001P6 ndi zina zotero zitha kulangizidwa pa dongosolo lopaka pulasitala woonda.
4.2 Simenti yopaka pulasitala yopangidwa ndi simenti
Kupaka matope kumafuna kufanana kwa matope, ndipo n'kosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito mofanana popaka matope. Nthawi yomweyo, kumafuna mphamvu yabwino yoletsa kugwa, mphamvu yopopera kwambiri, kusinthasintha kwa madzi komanso kugwira ntchito mosavuta. Chifukwa chake, MC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kochepa, kufalikira mwachangu komanso kukula kofanana (tinthu tating'onoting'ono) mu matope a simenti imasankhidwa.
Pakupanga guluu wa matailosi, pofuna kuonetsetsa kuti pali chitetezo komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino, ndikofunikira kwambiri kuti matope azikhala ndi nthawi yayitali yotsegulira komanso magwiridwe antchito abwino oletsa kutsetsereka, komanso nthawi yomweyo amafunika mgwirizano wabwino pakati pa substrate ndi matailosi. Chifukwa chake, zomatira za matailosi zimakhala ndi zofunikira zambiri pa MC. Komabe, MC nthawi zambiri imakhala ndi zomatira zambiri mu matailosi. Posankha MC, kuti ikwaniritse nthawi yayitali yotsegulira, MC yokha iyenera kukhala ndi kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi osungira kumafuna kukhuthala koyenera, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezera ndi kukula kwa tinthu. Kuti ikwaniritse magwiridwe antchito abwino oletsa kutsetsereka, mphamvu ya MC yokhuthala ndi yabwino, kotero kuti matopewo akhale ndi kukana kwamphamvu kwa kuyenda koyima, ndipo magwiridwe antchito okhuthala ali ndi zofunikira zina pa kukhuthala, kuchuluka kwa etherification ndi kukula kwa tinthu.
4.4 Sitima yopukutira pansi yodziyimira yokha
Chomangira chodziyimira chokha chili ndi zofunikira zambiri pa magwiridwe antchito a chomangira, kotero ndikoyenera kusankha zinthu za cellulose ether zopanda kukhuthala kwambiri. Popeza kudziyimira chokha kumafuna kuti chomangira chosakanikirana mofanana chizitha kukhazikika pansi, kusinthasintha ndi kupopa madzi ndizofunikira, kotero chiŵerengero cha madzi ndi zinthu ndi chachikulu. Pofuna kupewa kutuluka magazi, MC imafunika kuwongolera kusunga madzi pamwamba ndikupereka kukhuthala kuti madzi asatayike.
4.5 Simenti yopangira miyala
Popeza matope omangira amakhudza mwachindunji pamwamba pa matope, nthawi zambiri amakhala opangidwa ndi zigawo zokhuthala. matope amafunika kuti akhale otha kugwira ntchito bwino komanso kusunga madzi, ndipo amathanso kutsimikizira mphamvu yolumikizana ndi matope, kukonza magwiridwe antchito, ndikuwonjezera magwiridwe antchito. Chifukwa chake, MC yosankhidwa iyenera kuthandiza matope kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino, ndipo kukhuthala kwa ether ya cellulose sikuyenera kukhala kwakukulu kwambiri.
4.6 Kutenthetsa matope
Popeza matope oteteza kutentha amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndi manja, ndikofunikira kuti MC yosankhidwayo ipereke matope ogwirira ntchito bwino, ogwira ntchito bwino komanso osungira madzi bwino. MC iyeneranso kukhala ndi mawonekedwe a kukhuthala kwakukulu komanso mpweya wabwino.
5 Mapeto
Ntchito za ether ya cellulose mu matope a simenti ndi kusunga madzi, kukhuthala, kulowetsa mpweya, kuchedwetsa ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu ya ma tensile bond, ndi zina zotero.
Nthawi yotumizira: Januwale-30-2023