Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)iyi-polymer encibilika emanzini ehlukahlukene etholakala ku-cellulose, okuyi-polysaccharide yemvelo etholakala ezindongeni zamaseli ezitshalo. I-CMC ithola ukusetshenziswa okubanzi ezimbonini ezahlukahlukene okuhlanganisa ukudla, imithi, izimonyo, izindwangu, iphepha, nezinye eziningi ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo eziyingqayizivele njengokuqina, ukuzinza, ukubopha, ukwakha ifilimu, kanye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-CMC kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana kusukela ekukhishweni kwe-cellulose emithonjeni yemvelo kulandelwe ukuguqulwa kwayo ukuze kwethulwe amaqembu e-carboxymethyl.

1. Ukukhishwa kwe-Cellulose:
Isinyathelo sokuqala ekulungiseleleni i-CMC ukukhipha i-cellulose emithonjeni yemvelo efana ne-pulp yokhuni, i-cotton linters, noma ezinye izintambo zezitshalo. I-cellulose ivame ukutholakala ngochungechunge lwezinqubo ezihlanganisa ukugaya, ukubhaka, kanye nokuhlanzwa. Isibonelo, i-pulp yokhuni ingatholakala ngezinqubo zokugaya ngomshini noma ngamakhemikhali ezilandelwa ukubhaka nge-chlorine noma i-hydrogen peroxide ukususa ukungcola kanye ne-lignin.

2. Ukusebenza kwe-Cellulose:
Uma i-cellulose isikhishiwe, idinga ukuvuselelwa ukuze kube lula ukungeniswa kwamaqembu e-carboxymethyl. Ukuvuselelwa kuvame ukufezwa ngokwelapha i-cellulose nge-alkali efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) noma i-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ngaphansi kwezimo ezilawulwayo zokushisa nokucindezela. Ukwelashwa nge-alkali kukhulisa imicu ye-cellulose futhi kwandisa ukusabela kwayo ngokuphula izibopho ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi neze-intermolecular.

3. Ukusabela kwe-Carboxymethylation:
I-cellulose esebenzayo ibe isifakwa ku-carboxymethylation reaction lapho amaqembu e-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) efakwa kumaqembu e-hydroxyl e-cellulose chains. Lokhu kusabela kuvame ukwenziwa ngokuphendula i-cellulose esebenzayo nge-sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) phambi kwe-alkaline catalyst efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Ukusabela kungamelwa kanje:

I-Cellulose + I-Chloroacetic Acid → I-Carboxymethyl I-Cellulose + I-NaCl

Izimo zokusabela ezifaka phakathi izinga lokushisa, isikhathi sokusabela, ukuhlushwa kwama-reagents, kanye ne-pH kulawulwa ngokucophelela ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu kanye nezinga elifunekayo lokushintshaniswa (DS) okubhekisela enanini elimaphakathi lamaqembu e-carboxymethyl alethwa ngeyunithi ngayinye ye-glucose ye-cellulose chain.

4. Ukungathathi hlangothi kanye nokuwasha:
Ngemva kokusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ephumayo iyasuswa ukuze kususwe i-alkali eyengeziwe kanye ne-chloroacetic acid engaphendulwanga. Lokhu kuvame ukufezwa ngokugeza umkhiqizo ngamanzi noma ngesisombululo se-asidi esincibilikisiwe kulandelwe ukuhlunga ukuze kuhlukaniswe i-CMC eqinile nengxube yokusabela.

5. Ukuhlanzwa:
I-CMC ehlanziwe igezwa ngamanzi izikhathi eziningi ukuze kususwe ukungcola okufana nosawoti, ama-reagent angaphendulwanga, kanye nemikhiqizo ephumayo. Ukuhlunga noma i-centrifugation kungasetshenziswa ukuhlukanisa i-CMC ehlanziwe emanzini okugeza.

6. Ukomisa:
Ekugcineni, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ehlanziwe iyomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama osele futhi kutholakale umkhiqizo owufunayo ngesimo sempuphu eyomile noma ama-granule. Ukomisa kungenziwa kusetshenziswa izindlela ezahlukahlukene njengokomisa emoyeni, ukomisa nge-vacuum, noma ukomisa nge-spray kuye ngezici ezifiselekayo zomkhiqizo wokugcina.

7. Ukuchazwa kwezinhlamvu kanye nokulawulwa kwekhwalithi:
OmisiweI-CMCumkhiqizo usetshenziswa amasu ahlukahlukene okuchaza njenge-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), kanye nokulinganiswa kwe-viscosity ukuqinisekisa isakhiwo samakhemikhali, izinga lokushintshaniswa, isisindo sama-molecule, kanye nobumsulwa. Ukuhlolwa kokulawula ikhwalithi nakho kwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuthi umkhiqizo uhlangabezana nezimfuneko ezidingekayo zezicelo zawo ezihlosiwe.

Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose kuhilela izinyathelo eziningana okuhlanganisa ukukhipha i-cellulose emithonjeni yemvelo, ukwenziwa isebenze, ukusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, ukungathathi hlangothi, ukuhlanza, ukomisa, kanye nokuchaza. Isinyathelo ngasinye sidinga ukulawulwa ngokucophelela kwezimo zokusabela kanye nemingcele ukuze kufezwe isivuno esiphezulu, izinga elifunekayo lokushintshana, kanye nekhwalithi yomkhiqizo wokugcina. I-CMC iyi-polymer esetshenziswa kabanzi enezinhlelo zokusebenza ezahlukahlukene ngenxa yezakhiwo zayo ezihlukile kanye nokuguquguquka.