Diyaarinta carboxymethyl cellulose

Cellulose-ka Carboxymethyl (CMC)waa polymer biyo-milmi kara oo laga soo saaray cellulose, kaas oo ah polysaccharide dabiici ah oo laga helo derbiyada unugyada dhirta. CMC waxay ka heshaa codsiyo ballaaran warshado kala duwan oo ay ku jiraan cuntada, daawooyinka, qurxinta, dharka, warqadda, iyo kuwo kale oo badan sababtoo ah sifooyinkeeda gaarka ah sida dhumucda, xasilinta, xidhitaanka, sameynta filimka, iyo haynta biyaha. Diyaarinta CMC waxay ku lug leedahay dhowr tallaabo oo ka bilaabma soo saarista cellulose laga bilaabo ilaha dabiiciga ah oo ay ku xigto wax ka beddelka si loo soo bandhigo kooxaha carboxymethyl.

1. Soo saarista Cellulose:
Tallaabada ugu horreysa ee diyaarinta CMC waa soo saarista cellulose-ka laga helo ilo dabiici ah sida saxarka alwaaxa, suufka, ama fiilooyinka kale ee dhirta. Cellulose-ka waxaa caadi ahaan laga helaa taxane habab ah oo ay ku jiraan saxarka, cadaynta, iyo nadiifinta. Tusaale ahaan, saxarka alwaaxa waxaa lagu heli karaa hababka saxarka farsamada ama kiimikada oo ay ku xigto cadaynta chlorine ama hydrogen peroxide si looga saaro wasakhda iyo lignin.

2. Kicinta Cellulose:
Marka cellulose-ka la soo saaro, waxaa loo baahan yahay in la hawlgeliyo si loo fududeeyo soo bandhigidda kooxaha carboxymethyl. Firfircoonida waxaa badanaa lagu gaaraa iyadoo cellulose lagu daaweeyo alkali sida sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ama sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) xaaladaha la xakameeyey ee heerkulka iyo cadaadiska. Daaweynta alkaline waxay bararisaa fiilooyinka cellulose waxayna kordhisaa falgalkooda iyadoo jebinaysa isku xirnaanta hydrogen-ka gudaha iyo kuwa dhexe ee molecular.

3. Falgalka Carboxymethylation:
Cellulose-ka firfircoon ayaa markaa la mariyaa falgalka carboxymethylation halkaas oo kooxaha carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) lagu soo bandhigo kooxaha hydroxyl ee silsiladaha cellulose. Falgalkan waxaa caadi ahaan lagu sameeyaa iyadoo cellulose-ka firfircoon lagu falgalo sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) iyadoo ay joogaan kiciye alkaline ah sida sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Falgalka waxaa lagu matali karaa sidan soo socota:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Xaaladaha falgalka oo ay ku jiraan heerkulka, waqtiga falgalka, isku-darka falgalayaasha, iyo pH-ga ayaa si taxaddar leh loo xakameeyaa si loo hubiyo wax-soo-saar sare iyo heerka beddelka la rabo (DS) kaas oo tilmaamaya tirada celceliska kooxaha carboxymethyl ee la soo saaro cutub kasta oo gulukoos ah oo silsiladda cellulose ah.

4. Dhexdhexaadin iyo Dhaqid:
Ka dib falgalka carboxymethylation, cellulose-ka carboxymethyl ee ka dhasha waa la dhexdhexaadiyaa si looga saaro alkali xad-dhaaf ah iyo aashitada chloroacetic ee aan falcelinta lahayn. Tan waxaa badanaa lagu gaaraa iyadoo badeecada lagu dhaqo biyo ama xal aashito khafiif ah oo ay ku xigto shaandhayn si loo kala saaro CMC-ga adag iyo isku darka falgalka.

5. Nadiifinta:
CMC-ga la nadiifiyey ayaa dhowr jeer lagu dhaqaa biyo si looga saaro wasakhda sida cusbada, walxaha aan falcelinta lahayn, iyo waxyaabaha ka soo baxa. Shaandhaynta ama centrifugation-ka ayaa loo isticmaali karaa in lagu kala saaro CMC-ga la nadiifiyey iyo biyaha la dhaqo.

6. Qallajinta:
Ugu dambeyntii, cellulose-ka carboxymethyl ee la nadiifiyey ayaa la qalajiyaa si looga saaro qoyaanka haray loona helo badeecada la doonayo qaab budo qalalan ama granules ah. Qallajinta waxaa lagu sameyn karaa iyadoo la adeegsanayo habab kala duwan sida qalajinta hawada, qalajinta faakiyuumka, ama qalajinta buufinta iyadoo ku xiran sifooyinka la rabo ee badeecada kama dambaysta ah.

7. Astaamaha iyo Xakamaynta Tayada:
QallalanCMCBadeecada waxaa lagu sameeyaa farsamooyin kala duwan oo lagu garto sida Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), resonance magnetic nukliyeer (NMR), iyo cabbiraadaha viscosity si loo xaqiijiyo qaab-dhismeedkeeda kiimikada, heerka beddelka, miisaanka molecular, iyo daahirnimada. Tijaabooyinka xakamaynta tayada ayaa sidoo kale la sameeyaa si loo hubiyo in badeecadu ay buuxiso shuruudaha looga baahan yahay codsiyada loogu talagalay.

Diyaarinta carboxymethyl cellulose waxay ku lug leedahay dhowr tallaabo oo ay ku jiraan soo saarista cellulose laga helo ilo dabiici ah, kicinta, falcelinta carboxymethylation, dhexdhexaadinta, nadiifinta, qalajinta, iyo astaamaha. Tallaabo kasta waxay u baahan tahay xakameyn taxaddar leh oo ku saabsan xaaladaha falcelinta iyo xuduudaha si loo gaaro wax soo saar sare, heerka beddelka la rabo, iyo tayada badeecada kama dambaysta ah. CMC waa polymer si ballaaran loo isticmaalo oo leh codsiyo kala duwan sababtoo ah sifooyinkeeda gaarka ah iyo kala duwanaanshaheeda.