Gutegura selulose ya carboxymethyl

Selulose ya karboksimetili (CMC)ni polymer ishobora gushonga mu mazi ikomoka kuri cellulose, ikaba ari polysaccharide karemano iboneka mu nkuta z'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. CMC ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zitandukanye zirimo ibiribwa, imiti, amavuta yo kwisiga, imyenda, impapuro, n'izindi nyinshi bitewe n'imiterere yayo yihariye nko gukurura, gutuza, gufatanya, gukora filime, no kubika amazi. Gutegura CMC bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi uhereye ku gukura cellulose mu bintu karemano hanyuma bigakurikirwa no kuyihindura kugira ngo hashyirwemo amatsinda ya carboxymethyl.

1. Gukuramo Selulosi:
Intambwe ya mbere mu gutegura CMC ni ugukuramo selulosi mu bintu karemano nka pulp y'ibiti, linters z'ipamba, cyangwa izindi fibre z'ibimera. Selulosi ikunze kuboneka binyuze mu buryo butandukanye burimo gusya, gusya, no gutunganya. Urugero, pulp y'ibiti ishobora kuboneka hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa mashini cyangwa imiti ikoreshwa mu gusya, hagakurikiraho gusya hakoreshejwe chlorine cyangwa peroxide ya hydrogen kugira ngo hakurweho imyanda na lignin.

2. Gukora kwa Selulose:
Iyo selulosi imaze gukurwamo, igomba gushyirwamo ingufu kugira ngo yorohereze kwinjira mu matsinda ya karuboksimetili. Ubusanzwe ikoreshwa mu kuvura selulosi hifashishijwe alkali nka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) cyangwa sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) mu gihe ubushyuhe n'umuvuduko bigenzurwa. Gukoresha alkali birushaho kongera imbaraga za selulosi kandi bikongera imbaraga zayo binyuze mu guca imigozi ya hydrogen iri hagati y'uturemangingo n'uturemangingo.

3. Uburyo bwo gukora carboxymethylation:
Hanyuma selulose ikora ishyirwa mu bikorwa rya carboxymethylation aho amatsinda ya carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) yinjizwa mu matsinda ya hydroxyl y'iminyururu ya selulose. Ubu buryo busanzwe bukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo bwa sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) ikora selulose ikora ikoresheje sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) mu gihe hari katalyst ya alkaline nka sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Uburyo bwa selulose bushobora kugaragazwa gutya:

Selulosi + aside Chloroacetic → Karuboksimeti Selulosi + NaCl

Imiterere y'ibizamini birimo ubushyuhe, igihe cyo gukora, ubwinshi bw'ibice bitanga umusaruro, na pH bigenzurwa neza kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwinshi n'urwego rwifuzwa rwo gusimbuza (DS) bivuze umubare mpuzandengo w'amatsinda ya karuboksimetili yinjizwa kuri buri gice cya glucose cy'urunigi rwa selulose.

4. Kugabanya no gukaraba:
Nyuma y’uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma rya kaboksimetili, selulose ya kaboksimetili ivamo irakurwamo kugira ngo ikurweho aside ya alkali na aside ya chloroacetic idafite aside. Ibi bikunze kugerwaho no koza icyo gicuruzwa n’amazi cyangwa umuti wa aside ivanze hanyuma hagakurikiraho kuyungurura kugira ngo CMC ikomeye itandukane n’uruvange rw’uburyo bwo gukora isuzuma.

5. Gusukura:
CMC isukuye yogezwa n'amazi inshuro nyinshi kugira ngo ikureho imyanda nk'umunyu, ibintu bitarakora neza, n'ibindi bivamo. Kuyungurura cyangwa gutandukanya CMC isukuye n'amazi yo gukaraba bishobora gukoreshwa.

6. Kumisha:
Amaherezo, selulose ya carboxymethyl isukuye irahumishwa kugira ngo ikureho ubushuhe busigaye kandi ibone umusaruro wifuza mu buryo bw'ifu yumye cyangwa uduce duto. Kumisha bishobora gukorwa hakoreshejwe uburyo butandukanye nko kumisha umwuka, kumisha mu buryo bw'umwuka, cyangwa kumisha spray bitewe n'imiterere y'umusaruro wa nyuma wifuza.

7. Kugaragaza imiterere n'igenzura ry'ubuziranenge:
IyumyeCMCIgicuruzwa gikorerwa uburyo butandukanye bwo kugipima nka Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), n'ibipimo bya viscosity kugira ngo byemezwe imiterere yacyo, urugero rwo gusimbuza, uburemere bwa molekile, n'ubuziranenge bwacyo. Ibizamini byo kugenzura ubuziranenge nabyo birakorwa kugira ngo harebwe ko igicuruzwa cyujuje ibisabwa kugira ngo gikoreshwe.

Gutegura cellulose ya carboxymethyl bikubiyemo intambwe nyinshi zirimo gukuramo cellulose mu bintu karemano, kuyikoresha, kuyihinduramo, kuyigabanya, kuyitunganya, kuyihumisha no kuyigaragaza. Buri ntambwe isaba kugenzura neza imiterere y’imikorere n’ibipimo kugira ngo haboneke umusaruro mwinshi, urwego rwifuzwa rwo kuyisimbura, n’ubwiza bw’umusaruro wa nyuma. CMC ni polymer ikoreshwa cyane ifite ikoreshwa ritandukanye bitewe n’imiterere yayo yihariye n’uburyo ikora neza.