Ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose

ʻO ka Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)he polymer wai-soluble versatile i loaʻa mai ka cellulose, he polysaccharide kūlohelohe i loaʻa i loko o nā paia cell mea kanu. Loaʻa iā CMC nā noi nui ma nā ʻoihana like ʻole e like me ka meaʻai, nā lāʻau lapaʻau, nā mea hoʻonani, nā lole, ka pepa, a me nā mea ʻē aʻe he nui ma muli o kona mau waiwai kūikawā e like me ka mānoanoa, ka hoʻopaʻa ʻana, ka nakinaki ʻana, ka hana ʻana i ka kiʻiʻoniʻoni, a me ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai. ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o CMC e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu e hoʻomaka ana mai ka unuhi ʻana o ka cellulose mai nā kumu kūlohelohe a ukali ʻia e kona hoʻololi ʻana e hoʻolauna i nā hui carboxymethyl.

1. Ka unuhi ʻana o ka Cellulose:
ʻO ka hana mua i ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o CMC ʻo ia ka unuhi ʻana o ka cellulose mai nā kumu kūlohelohe e like me ka pulp lāʻau, nā linters pulupulu, a i ʻole nā ​​​​​​lohi mea kanu ʻē aʻe. Loaʻa pinepine ʻia ka cellulose ma o kekahi mau kaʻina hana e pili ana i ka pulping, bleaching, a me ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe. No ka laʻana, hiki ke loaʻa ka pulp lāʻau ma o nā kaʻina hana pulping mechanical a kemika paha i ukali ʻia e ka bleaching me ka chlorine a i ʻole hydrogen peroxide e wehe i nā haumia a me ka lignin.

2. Hoʻāla ʻia o Cellulose:
Ke unuhi ʻia ka cellulose, pono e hoʻāla ʻia e hoʻomaʻalahi i ka hoʻokomo ʻana o nā hui carboxymethyl. Hoʻokō pinepine ʻia ka hoʻāla ʻana ma ka mālama ʻana i ka cellulose me ka alkali e like me ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) a i ʻole sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) ma lalo o nā kūlana i kāohi ʻia o ka mahana a me ke kaomi. Hoʻonui ka mālama ʻana i ka alkali i nā olonā cellulose a hoʻonui i kā lākou reactivity ma ka uhaki ʻana i nā pilina hydrogen intra a me intermolecular.

3. Hana Carboxymethylation:
A laila ua hoʻokomo ʻia ka cellulose i hoʻāla ʻia i ka hopena carboxymethylation kahi i hoʻokomo ʻia ai nā hui carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) ma luna o nā hui hydroxyl o nā kaulahao cellulose. Hoʻokō pinepine ʻia kēia hopena ma ka hoʻopili ʻana i ka cellulose i hoʻāla ʻia me ka sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) i ke alo o kahi mea hoʻoulu alkaline e like me ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Hiki ke hōʻike ʻia ka hopena penei:

Kelulose + Waikawa Chloroacetic → Carboxymethyl Kelulose + NaCl

Hoʻomalu pono ʻia nā kūlana o ka hopena e pili ana i ka mahana, ka manawa hopena, ka nui o nā reagents, a me ka pH e hōʻoia i ka hua kiʻekiʻe a me ke kekelē o ka pani ʻana (DS) i makemake ʻia e pili ana i ka helu awelika o nā hui carboxymethyl i hoʻolauna ʻia no kēlā me kēia ʻāpana glucose o ke kaulahao cellulose.

4. Hoʻopau a me ka holoi ʻana:
Ma hope o ka hopena carboxymethylation, ua hoʻopau ʻia ka carboxymethyl cellulose hopena e wehe i ka alkali keu a me ka waikawa chloroacetic i hana ʻole ʻia. Hoʻokō pinepine ʻia kēia ma ka holoi ʻana i ka huahana me ka wai a i ʻole kahi hopena waikawa dilute a ukali ʻia e ka kānana e hoʻokaʻawale i ka CMC paʻa mai ka hui hopena.

5. Hoʻomaʻemaʻe:
A laila holoi ʻia ka CMC i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia me ka wai i nā manawa he nui e wehe i nā mea haumia e like me nā paʻakai, nā reagents i hana ʻole ʻia, a me nā huahana ʻaoʻao. Hiki ke hoʻohana ʻia ka kānana a i ʻole ka centrifugation e hoʻokaʻawale i ka CMC i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia mai ka wai holoi.

6. Hoʻomaloʻo:
ʻO ka mea hope loa, hoʻomaloʻo ʻia ka carboxymethyl cellulose i hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻia e wehe i ke koena o ka makū a loaʻa ka huahana i makemake ʻia ma ke ʻano o ka pauka maloʻo a i ʻole nā ​​granules. Hiki ke hoʻokō ʻia ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana me ka hoʻohana ʻana i nā ʻano hana like ʻole e like me ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka ea, ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka vacuum, a i ʻole ka hoʻomaloʻo ʻana i ka pīpī ma muli o nā ʻano i makemake ʻia o ka huahana hope loa.

7. Ka Hoʻākāka ʻAno a me ka Mana Hoʻomalu Kūlana:
Ka maloʻoCMCUa hoʻokomo ʻia ka huahana i nā ʻano hana wehewehe like ʻole e like me ka Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), a me nā ana viscosity e hōʻoia i kona ʻano kemika, ke kekelē o ka hoʻololi ʻana, ke kaumaha molekala, a me ka maʻemaʻe. Hana ʻia nā hoʻokolohua kaohi maikaʻi e hōʻoia i ka hoʻokō ʻana o ka huahana i nā kikoʻī e pono ai no kāna mau noi i manaʻo ʻia.

ʻO ka hoʻomākaukau ʻana o ka carboxymethyl cellulose e pili ana i kekahi mau ʻanuʻu e pili ana i ka unuhi ʻana o ka cellulose mai nā kumu kūlohelohe, ka hoʻāla ʻana, ka hopena carboxymethylation, ka neutralization, ka hoʻomaʻemaʻe ʻana, ka maloʻo ʻana, a me ke ʻano. Pono kēlā me kēia ʻanuʻu i ka kaohi pono ʻana i nā kūlana hopena a me nā palena e hoʻokō ai i ka hua kiʻekiʻe, ke kekelē i makemake ʻia o ka pani ʻana, a me ka maikaʻi o ka huahana hope loa. He polymer i hoʻohana nui ʻia ʻo CMC me nā noi like ʻole ma muli o kona mau waiwai kū hoʻokahi a me ka versatility.