Te whakarite i te carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)He pūmua wairewa-wai te CMC, he mea hanga mai i te cellulose, he polysaccharide tūturu e kitea ana i roto i ngā pakitara pūtau tipu. He whānuitia ngā whakamahinga o te CMC i roto i ngā ahumahi maha tae atu ki te kai, te rongoā, te whakapaipai, te kakahu, te pepa, me te maha atu nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei pērā i te whakamātotoru, te whakaū, te here, te hanga kiriata, me te pupuri wai. Ko te whakarite i te CMC he maha ngā mahi e tīmata ana mai i te tango i te cellulose mai i ngā pūtake tūturu, ā, muri iho ka whakarerekētia hei whakauru i ngā rōpū carboxymethyl.

1. Te Tangohanga o te Cellulose:
Ko te taahiraa tuatahi i roto i te whakarite i te CMC ko te tango i te cellulose mai i ngā puna taiao pēnei i te penupenu rakau, te miro miro, me ētahi atu muka tipu. Ko te tikanga ka whiwhihia te cellulose mā roto i tētahi raupapa o ngā tukanga tae atu ki te penupenu, te whakama, me te purenga. Hei tauira, ka taea te whiwhi penupenu rakau mā roto i ngā tukanga penupenu miihini, matū rānei, ā, muri iho ka whakama ki te chlorine, te hauwai waikura rānei hei tango i ngā poke me te lignin.

2. Te Whakahohenga o te Cellulose:
Kia tangohia te cellulose, me whakahohe kia pai ai te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū carboxymethyl. Ko te whakahohenga ka tutuki mā te rongoā i te cellulose ki te kawakawa pērā i te konutai hauwai (NaOH) te konutai kāponāte rānei (Na2CO3) i raro i ngā tikanga pāmahana me te pēhanga e whakahaeretia ana. Ka pupuhi te rongoā kawakawa i ngā muka cellulose, ā, ka whakanui ake i tō rātou tauhohenga mā te wawahi i ngā here hauwai ā-roto me ā-waenganui.

3. Tauhohenga Carboxymethylation:
Kātahi ka tukuna te cellulose whakahohe ki te tauhohenga carboxymethylation, ka whakaurua ngā rōpū carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) ki runga i ngā rōpū hydroxyl o ngā mekameka cellulose. Ko te tikanga o tēnei tauhohenga ka mahia mā te tauhohenga o te cellulose whakahohe ki te konutai monochloroacetate (SMCA) i te aroaro o tētahi whakakorikori kawakore pērā i te konutai hauwai (NaOH). Ka taea te whakaatu i te tauhohenga penei:

Cellulose + Waikawa Chloroacetic → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Ko ngā āhuatanga tauhohenga tae atu ki te pāmahana, te wā tauhohenga, te kukū o ngā matū, me te pH ka āta whakahaeretia kia nui ai te hua me te taumata whakakapinga e hiahiatia ana (DS) e pā ana ki te maha toharite o ngā rōpū carboxymethyl i whakaurua mō ia waeine hukahuka o te mekameka cellulose.

4. Te Whakakore me te Horoi:
I muri i te tauhohenga carboxymethylation, ka whakakorengia te carboxymethyl cellulose e puta mai ana hei tango i te kawakore nui me te waikawa chloroacetic kāore i tauhohe. Ko te tikanga ka tutuki tēnei mā te horoi i te hua ki te wai, ki te otinga waikawa waimeha rānei, ā, ka tātarihia hei wehe i te CMC totoka mai i te ranunga tauhohenga.

5. Te Whakama:
Kātahi ka horoia te CMC kua purea ki te wai i ngā wā maha hei tango i ngā poke pēnei i te tote, ngā matū kore i tauhohe, me ngā hua taha. Tērā pea ka whakamahia te tātari, te centrifugation rānei hei wehe i te CMC kua purea mai i te wai horoi.

6. Te whakamaroke:
Hei whakamutunga, ka whakamaroketia te carboxymethyl cellulose kua purea hei tango i te makuku toenga, kia puta ai te hua e hiahiatia ana i roto i te ahua o te paura maroke, o te granules rānei. Ka taea te whakamaroke mā te whakamahi i ngā tikanga maha pēnei i te whakamaroke hau, te whakamaroke korehau, te whakamaroke rehu rānei, i runga i ngā āhuatanga e hiahiatia ana o te hua whakamutunga.

7. Te Whakaahuatanga me te Mana Kounga:
Ko te mea marokeCMCKa tukuna te hua ki ngā tikanga whakaahuatanga maha pērā i te Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), te nuclear autō aukume (NMR), me ngā inenga matotoru hei whakaū i tōna hanganga matū, te taumata o te whakakapinga, te taumaha ngota, me te parakore. Ka whakahaerehia hoki ngā whakamātautau whakahaere kounga hei whakarite kia tutuki i te hua ngā whakaritenga e hiahiatia ana mō āna tono.

He maha ngā mahi e mahia ana i roto i te whakarite i te carboxymethyl cellulose, tae atu ki te tango i te cellulose mai i ngā pūtake taiao, te whakahohenga, te tauhohenga carboxymethylation, te whakakorenga, te purenga, te whakamaroke, me te whakaahuatanga. Me āta whakahaere i ngā āhuatanga me ngā tawhā tauhohenga i ia mahi kia eke ai ki te hua teitei, te taumata whakakapinga e hiahiatia ana, me te kounga o te hua whakamutunga. He polymer e whakamahia whānuitia ana te CMC me ngā tono kanorau nā ōna āhuatanga ahurei me ōna pūkenga maha.