Nkwadebe nke carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)bụ polima a na-agbaze mmiri nke a na-enweta site na cellulose, nke bụ polysaccharide eke dị na mgbidi sel osisi. CMC na-achọta ọtụtụ ojiji n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche gụnyere nri, ọgwụ, ihe ịchọ mma, ákwà, akwụkwọ, na ọtụtụ ndị ọzọ n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche ya dịka ịka nká, ime ka ọ kwụsie ike, ijikọ, imepụta ihe nkiri, na idobe mmiri. Nkwadebe nke CMC gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro malite na mwepụta nke cellulose site na isi mmalite eke wee gbanwee ya iji tinye otu carboxymethyl.

1. Mwepụta nke Cellulose:
Nzọụkwụ mbụ n'ịkwadebe CMC bụ iwepụta cellulose site na ihe ndị sitere n'okike dịka pulp osisi, owu linters, ma ọ bụ eriri osisi ndị ọzọ. A na-enweta cellulose ahụ site na usoro dị iche iche gụnyere pulp, bleach, na nhicha. Dịka ọmụmaatụ, enwere ike nweta pulp osisi site na usoro pulp igwe ma ọ bụ kemịkalụ wee jiri chlorine ma ọ bụ hydrogen peroxide hichaa ya iji wepụ ihe na-adịghị ọcha na lignin.

2. Mmalite nke Cellulose:
Ozugbo e wepụtara cellulose ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ka a rụọ ọrụ ya iji mee ka e nwee ike itinye otu carboxymethyl. A na-enwetakarị ọrụ site n'iji alkali dịka sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ma ọ bụ sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) gwọọ cellulose n'okpuru ọnọdụ okpomọkụ na nrụgide a na-achịkwa. Ọgwụgwọ alkaline na-eme ka eriri cellulose ahụ maa jijiji ma na-eme ka mmeghachi omume ha dịkwuo mma site n'ịgbaji njikọ hydrogen dị n'ime na nke dị n'etiti molekul.

3. Mmeghachi omume Carboxymethylation:
A na-etinye cellulose a na-arụ ọrụ n'ime mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation ebe a na-etinye otu carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) n'ime otu hydroxyl nke agbụ cellulose. A na-emekarị mmeghachi omume a site n'iji sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) meghachi omume na cellulose a na-arụ ọrụ n'ime ahụ n'ihu ihe na-akpali alkaline dị ka sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Enwere ike igosi mmeghachi omume ahụ dị ka ndị a:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

A na-achịkwa ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume dịka okpomọkụ, oge mmeghachi omume, ntinye nke ihe ndị na-eme ihe, na pH nke ọma iji hụ na mkpụrụ dị elu na ọkwa nnọchi achọrọ (DS) nke na-ezo aka na ọnụọgụgụ nke otu carboxymethyl ewebatara kwa otu glucose nke yinye cellulose.

4. Nkwụsị na Ịsa Ahụ:
Mgbe mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation gasịrị, a na-ewepụ carboxymethyl cellulose nke na-esi na ya apụta iji wepụ alkali gabigara ókè na chloroacetic acid na-anaghị anabata mmeghachi omume. A na-enweta nke a site n'iji mmiri ma ọ bụ mmiri acid a gwakọtara agwakọta saa ngwaahịa ahụ, wee jiri nzacha kewaa CMC siri ike na ngwakọta mmeghachi omume ahụ.

5. Nchacha:
A na-eji mmiri saa CMC ahụ e mere ka ọ dị ọcha ọtụtụ ugboro iji wepụ ihe ndị na-adịghị mma dịka nnu, ihe ndị na-adịghị arụ ọrụ, na ihe ndị na-esi na ya apụta. Enwere ike iji nzacha ma ọ bụ centrifugation kewapụ CMC e mere ka ọ dị ọcha na mmiri ịsa ahụ.

6. Ịkpọ nkụ:
N'ikpeazụ, a na-akpọcha carboxymethyl cellulose dị ọcha iji wepụ mmiri fọdụrụnụ ma nweta ngwaahịa achọrọ n'ụdị ntụ ntụ ma ọ bụ granules kpọrọ nkụ. Enwere ike imecha nkụ site na iji ụzọ dị iche iche dịka ihicha ikuku, ihicha igwe anaghị agba nchara, ma ọ bụ ihicha mmiri dabere na njirimara achọrọ nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ.

7. Njirimara na Njikwa Ogo:
Ihe kpọrọ nkụCMCA na-eji usoro njirimara dị iche iche eme ihe dịka Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), na nha viscosity iji gosi na nhazi kemịkalụ ya, ogo nnọchi ya, ibu molekul, na ịdị ọcha ya. A na-emekwa ule njikwa mma iji hụ na ngwaahịa ahụ ruru nkọwapụta achọrọ maka ngwa ya.

Nkwadebe nke carboxymethyl cellulose gụnyere ọtụtụ usoro gụnyere mwepụta nke cellulose site na isi mmalite eke, ime ka ọ rụọ ọrụ, mmeghachi omume carboxymethylation, nkwụsịtụ, nhicha, ịkpọ nkụ, na njirimara. Nzọụkwụ ọ bụla chọrọ njikwa nke ọma nke ọnọdụ mmeghachi omume na paramita iji nweta nnukwu mkpụrụ, ogo nnọchi achọrọ, na ịdị mma nke ngwaahịa ikpeazụ. CMC bụ polima ejiri mee ihe nke ukwuu nke nwere ọtụtụ ngwa n'ihi ihe pụrụ iche ya na ọtụtụ ihe dị iche iche.