Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)yipolymer enyibilikayo emanzini efumaneka kwi-cellulose, eyi-polysaccharide yendalo efumaneka kwiindonga zeeseli zezityalo. I-CMC ifumana ukusetyenziswa okubanzi kumashishini ahlukeneyo kuquka ukutya, amayeza, izinto zokuthambisa, amalaphu, iphepha, kunye nezinye ezininzi ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezikhethekileyo ezifana nokuqina, ukuzinza, ukubopha, ukwenza ifilimu, kunye nokugcinwa kwamanzi. Ukulungiswa kwe-CMC kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela aqala ekukhutshweni kwe-cellulose kwimithombo yendalo kulandele ukuguqulwa kwayo ukuze kungeniswe amaqela e-carboxymethyl.

1. Ukukhupha iCellulose:
Inyathelo lokuqala ekulungiseleleni i-CMC kukukhupha i-cellulose kwimithombo yendalo efana ne-pulp yomthi, i-cotton linters, okanye ezinye iifayibha zezityalo. I-cellulose idla ngokufumaneka ngothotho lweenkqubo eziquka ukukhupha, ukufunxa, kunye nokucoca. Umzekelo, i-pulp yomthi ingafunyanwa ngeenkqubo zokukhupha ngoomatshini okanye ngeekhemikhali ezilandelwa kukufunxa nge-chlorine okanye i-hydrogen peroxide ukususa ukungcola kunye ne-lignin.

2. Ukusebenza kweCellulose:
Nje ukuba i-cellulose ikhutshwe, kufuneka isebenze ukuze kube lula ukungeniswa kwamaqela e-carboxymethyl. Ukusebenza kudla ngokufezekiswa ngokunyanga i-cellulose nge-alkali efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH) okanye i-sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) phantsi kweemeko ezilawulwayo zobushushu kunye noxinzelelo. Unyango lwe-alkali luyazikhukhumeza ii-cellulose fibers kwaye lunyuse ukusabela kwazo ngokuphula iibhondi ze-hydrogen zangaphakathi kunye nezangaphakathi.

3. I-Carboxymethylation Reaction:
Emva koko i-activated cellulose ifakwa kwi-carboxymethylation reaction apho amaqela e-carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) angeniswa kumaqela e-hydroxyl ee-cellulose chains. Le reaction idla ngokuqhutywa ngokuphendula i-activated cellulose nge-sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) phambi kwe-alkaline catalyst efana ne-sodium hydroxide (NaOH). I-reaction ingamelwa ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

I-Cellulose + i-Chloroacetic Acid → i-Carboxymethyl i-Cellulose + i-NaCl

Iimeko zokusabela eziquka ubushushu, ixesha lokusabela, ukuxinana kwee-reagents, kunye ne-pH zilawulwa ngononophelo ukuqinisekisa isivuno esiphezulu kunye neqondo elifunekayo lokutshintshwa (DS) elibhekisa kwinani eliqhelekileyo lamaqela e-carboxymethyl angeniswayo ngeyunithi nganye yeglucose ye-cellulose chain.

4. Ukungathathi cala kunye nokuHlamba:
Emva kwempendulo ye-carboxymethylation, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ephumayo iyasuswa ukuze kususwe i-alkali engaphezulu kunye ne-chloroacetic acid engaphendulwanga. Oku kwenzeka ngokuhlanjwa kwemveliso ngamanzi okanye isisombululo se-asidi edityanisiweyo kulandele ukuhluzwa ukuze kwahlulwe i-CMC eqinileyo kumxube we-reaction.

5. Ukuhlanjululwa:
I-CMC ecociweyo emva koko ihlanjwa ngamanzi amaxesha amaninzi ukususa ukungcola okufana neetyuwa, izinto ezingasebenziyo, kunye neemveliso eziphuma kuyo. Ukucoca okanye ukucoca kungasetyenziswa ukwahlula i-CMC ecociweyo kumanzi okuhlamba.

6. Ukomisa:
Okokugqibela, i-carboxymethyl cellulose ecociweyo iyomiswa ukuze kususwe umswakama oseleyo kwaye kufunyanwe imveliso oyifunayo ngendlela yepowder eyomileyo okanye iigranules. Ukomisa kungenziwa kusetyenziswa iindlela ezahlukeneyo ezinje ngokomisa ngomoya, ukomisa nge-vacuum, okanye ukomisa nge-spray kuxhomekeke kwiimpawu ezifunwayo zemveliso yokugqibela.

7. Ukuchonga iimpawu kunye noLawulo loMgangatho:
EyomileyoI-CMCLe mveliso isetyenziswa ngeendlela ezahlukeneyo zokuchonga iimpawu ezifana ne-Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), i-nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), kunye nokulinganisa i-viscosity ukuqinisekisa ulwakhiwo lwayo lweekhemikhali, ubungakanani bokutshintshwa kwayo, ubunzima be-molecular, kunye nobunyulu. Uvavanyo lolawulo lomgangatho lwenziwa ukuqinisekisa ukuba imveliso iyahlangabezana neemfuno ezifunekayo kwizicelo zayo ezicetywayo.

Ukulungiswa kwe-carboxymethyl cellulose kubandakanya amanyathelo aliqela aquka ukukhupha i-cellulose kwimithombo yendalo, ukuvuselela, ukusabela kwe-carboxymethylation, ukuthamba, ukucoca, ukomisa, kunye nokuchonga iimpawu. Inyathelo ngalinye lifuna ulawulo olucokisekileyo lweemeko zokusabela kunye neeparameters ukuze kufezekiswe isivuno esiphezulu, inqanaba elifunekayo lokutshintshwa, kunye nomgangatho wemveliso yokugqibela. I-CMC yi-polymer esetyenziswa kakhulu enezicelo ezahlukeneyo ngenxa yeempawu zayo ezizodwa kunye nokuguquguquka.