Shiri na carboxymethyl cellulose

Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC)wani nau'in polymer ne mai narkewar ruwa wanda aka samo daga cellulose, wanda polysaccharide ne na halitta da ake samu a bangon ƙwayoyin shuka. CMC yana samun aikace-aikace masu yawa a masana'antu daban-daban ciki har da abinci, magunguna, kayan kwalliya, yadi, takarda, da sauransu saboda keɓantattun halayensa kamar kauri, daidaitawa, ɗaurewa, ƙirƙirar fim, da riƙe ruwa. Shirya CMC ya ƙunshi matakai da yawa tun daga cire cellulose daga tushen halitta sannan a gyara shi don gabatar da ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl.

1. Cire Cellulose:
Mataki na farko a cikin shirya CMC shine cire cellulose daga tushen halitta kamar ɓangaren itacen, linters na auduga, ko wasu zare na shuka. Yawanci ana samun cellulose ta hanyar jerin hanyoyin da suka haɗa da pulping, bleaching, da tsarkakewa. Misali, ana iya samun ɓangaren itacen ta hanyar tsarin pulping na inji ko sinadarai sannan a shafa masa chlorine ko hydrogen peroxide don cire ƙazanta da lignin.

2. Kunna Cellulose:
Da zarar an cire cellulose, yana buƙatar a kunna shi don sauƙaƙe shigar da ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl. Yawanci ana samun kunnawa ta hanyar magance cellulose da alkali kamar sodium hydroxide (NaOH) ko sodium carbonate (Na2CO3) a ƙarƙashin yanayin zafi da matsin lamba da aka sarrafa. Maganin alkaline yana kumbura zaruruwan cellulose kuma yana ƙara yawan amsawarsu ta hanyar karya haɗin hydrogen na ciki da na tsakiya.

3. Maganin Carboxymethylation:
Sannan ana shigar da cellulose mai kunnawa cikin aikin carboxymethylation inda aka shigar da ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl (-CH2COOH) a cikin rukunin hydroxyl na sarƙoƙin cellulose. Wannan aikin yawanci ana yin sa ne ta hanyar yin martani ga cellulose mai kunnawa tare da sodium monochloroacetate (SMCA) a gaban wani alkaline catalyst kamar sodium hydroxide (NaOH). Ana iya wakiltar martanin kamar haka:

Cellulose + Chloroacetic Acid → Carboxymethyl Cellulose + NaCl

Ana kula da yanayin amsawar da ya haɗa da zafin jiki, lokacin amsawa, yawan abubuwan da ke cikin sinadaran, da kuma pH a hankali don tabbatar da yawan amfanin ƙasa da kuma matakin maye gurbin da ake so (DS) wanda ke nufin matsakaicin adadin ƙungiyoyin carboxymethyl da aka gabatar a kowace naúrar glucose na sarkar cellulose.

4. Tsaftacewa da Wankewa:
Bayan amsawar carboxymethylation, ana cire sinadarin carboxymethyl cellulose da ya haifar don cire sinadarin alkali da ya wuce kima da kuma sinadarin chloroacetic acid wanda ba shi da wani tasiri. Yawanci ana samun wannan ta hanyar wanke samfurin da ruwa ko kuma ruwan acid mai narkewa sannan a tace shi don raba sinadarin CMC mai ƙarfi daga cakuda sinadaran.

5. Tsarkakewa:
Sannan a wanke CMC ɗin da aka tsarkake da ruwa sau da yawa don cire ƙazanta kamar gishiri, abubuwan da ba su da wani tasiri, da kuma sauran abubuwan da suka lalace. Ana iya amfani da tacewa ko centrifugation don raba CMC ɗin da aka tsarkake daga ruwan wankewa.

6. Busarwa:
A ƙarshe, ana busar da sinadarin carboxymethyl cellulose da aka tsarkake don cire danshi da ya rage sannan a sami samfurin da ake so a cikin siffar busasshiyar foda ko granules. Ana iya busar da shi ta amfani da hanyoyi daban-daban kamar busar da iska, busar da injin tsotsa, ko busar da feshi dangane da halayen da ake so na samfurin ƙarshe.

7. Halaye da Kula da Inganci:
BusasshenCMCAna amfani da samfurin ta hanyoyi daban-daban na tantancewa kamar Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR), da kuma ma'aunin danko don tabbatar da tsarin sinadaransa, matakin maye gurbinsa, nauyin kwayoyin halitta, da tsarkinsa. Haka kuma ana yin gwaje-gwajen kula da inganci don tabbatar da cewa samfurin ya cika ƙa'idodin da ake buƙata don aikace-aikacensa.

Shirya carboxymethyl cellulose ya ƙunshi matakai da dama, ciki har da cire cellulose daga tushen halitta, kunnawa, amsawar carboxymethylation, kawar da sinadarai, tsarkakewa, busarwa, da kuma halayyarsu. Kowane mataki yana buƙatar kulawa da kyau game da yanayin amsawa da sigogi don cimma yawan amfanin ƙasa mai yawa, matakin maye gurbin da ake so, da ingancin samfurin ƙarshe. CMC wani polymer ne da ake amfani da shi sosai tare da aikace-aikace daban-daban saboda halaye na musamman da kuma sauƙin amfani.