Zvinonamira zvechisikigo zvinonamira zvinowanzoshandiswa muhupenyu hwedu. Zvinoenderana nezvinyorwa zvakasiyana, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita guruu remhuka, guruu remuriwo uye guruu remineral. Guruu remhuka rinosanganisira guruu reganda, guruu remapfupa, shellac, guruu recasein, guruu realbumin, guruu rehove, nezvimwewo; guruu remuriwo rinosanganisira starch, dextrin, rosin, gum arabic, rabha rezvisikwa, nezvimwewo; guruu remineral rinosanganisira wax yemineral, asphalt Wait. Nekuda kwezviwanikwa zvayo zvakawanda, mutengo wakaderera uye chepfu shoma, inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mufenicha, kubatanidza mabhuku, kurongedza uye kugadzira zvinhu zvemaoko.
namatidza starch
Mushure mekunge namatidziro yestarch yapinda muzana remakore rechi21, kushanda zvakanaka kwechinhu ichi kuchava chinhu chikuru chezvinhu zvitsva. Starch chinhu chinowanikwa zvakasikwa chisina chepfu, chisingakuvadzi, chisingadhuri, chinoora uye chine hushamwari kune nharaunda. Chinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri akasiyana-siyana. Kunyanya mumakore achangopfuura, tekinoroji yepasi rose yekugadzira namatidziro iri kufambira mberi mukuchengetedza simba, mutengo wakaderera, pasina kukuvadza, kusviba kwakanyanya uye pasina solvent.
Semhando yezvigadzirwa zvekuchengetedza zvakatipoteredza zvakasvibirira, kunamira kwestarch kwakakwezva kutariswa kukuru uye kutariswa kukuru muindasitiri yekunamira. Kana tichitaura nezvekushandiswa nekugadzirwa kwenamira dzestarch, tarisiro yenamira dzestarch dzakasanganiswa nestarch yechibage iri kuvimbisa, uye tsvakiridzo nekushandiswa ndizvo zvinonyanya kukosha.
Munguva pfupi yapfuura, starch sechinamira yave kushandiswa zvakanyanya muzvigadzirwa zvemapepa nemapepa, zvakaita sekuvharwa kwemakatoni nemakatoni, kunyora mazita, kunamira kweplane, maenvelopu anonamira, kubatana kwemabhegi emapepa akawanda, nezvimwewo.
Zvinonamira zvakawanda zvestarch zvinounzwa pazasi:
Namatidza starch yakasanganiswa
Gelatiner yakagadzirwa kubva mumusanganiswa westarch yakagadziriswa ine polymerization yakaderera ine aldehyde group necarboxyl group nemvura pasi pesimba re oxidant nekudziisa kana gelatinizing patembiricha yemukamuri inonamira starch yakazadzwa. Mushure mekunge starch yasanganiswa, starch yakasanganiswa nemvura inonyungudika, inonyorova uye inonamira inoumbwa.
Huwandu hwe oxidant hudiki, mwero we oxidation hauna kukwana, huwandu hwese hwemapoka matsva anoshanda anokonzerwa ne starch hunoderera, viscosity ye namira inowedzera, viscosity yekutanga inoderera, kuyerera kwemvura hakuna kunaka. Ine simba guru pa acidity, kujeka uye hydroxyl ye namira.
Nekuwedzera kwenguva yekuita, huwandu hweoxidation hunowedzera, huwandu hweboka re carboxyl hunowedzera, uye viscosity yechigadzirwa inoderera zvishoma nezvishoma, asi kujeka kuri kuramba kuchiwedzera.
Namatira yestarch yakagadzirwa nesimbi
Zvinonamira zvestarch zvakagadziriswa imhando yezvinonamira zvestarch zvisingaori, izvo zvinoita kuti starch ive nemapoka matsva anoshanda kuburikidza nekuita kwe esterification pakati pemapoka ehydroxyl emamorekuru estarch nezvimwe zvinhu, nokudaro zvichivandudza mashandiro ezvinonamira zvestarch. Nekuda kwekubatanidzwa kwechikamu che esterified starch, viscosity inowedzera, kugadzikana kwekuchengetedza kuri nani, hunhu hwekudzivirira hunyoro uye hwekudzivirira hutachiona hunovandudzwa, uye ganda rezvinonamira rinogona kumira kushanda kwakakwirira uye kwakaderera uye kwakasiyana.
Namatira yestarch yakabatanidzwa
Kubatanidza starch kunoreva kushandisa nzira dzepanyama nedzemakemikari kuita kuti starch molecular chain igadzire mafree radicals, uye kana yasangana nemapolymer monomers, chain reaction inoumbwa. Chain yedivi inoumbwa nemapolymer monomers inogadzirwa pachain huru yestarch.
Tichishandisa mukana wekuti mamorekuru e polyethylene ne starch ane ma hydroxyl groups, hydrogen bonds inogona kuumbwa pakati pe polyvinyl alcohol nemamorekuru e starch, ayo anoita basa re "kubatanidza" pakati pe polyvinyl alcohol nemamorekuru e starch, kuitira kuti starch adhesion yakawanikwa ive ne hunyanzvi hwakanaka hwekunamira, kuyerera uye kudzivirira kutonhora.
Nekuti kunamira kwestarch imhando yechisikigo yepolymer, mutengo wayo wakaderera, hauna chepfu uye hauna kunaka, uye hauna kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza, saka yakatsvakurudzwa zvakanyanya uye yakashandiswa. Munguva pfupi yapfuura, kunamira kwestarch kunonyanya kushandiswa mumapepa, machira edonje, maenvelopu, mavara, uye makadhibhodhi akavharirwa.
Namira yeCellulose
Zvinhu zvinogadzirwa neCellulose ether zvinoshandiswa semaglue zvinosanganisira methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose nedzimwe ethyl cellulose (EC): iA thermoplastic, water-insoluble, nonionic cellulose alkyl ether.
Ine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwemakemikari, inodzivirira alkali zvakanyanya, inochengetedza magetsi zvakanaka uye ine rheology yemakanika, uye ine hunhu hwekuchengetedza simba uye kuchinjika pakupisa kwakanyanya uye kwakaderera. Inoshanda zviri nyore newakisi, resin, plasticizer, nezvimwewo, semapepa, rabha, dehwe, Zvinonamira zvemachira.
Methyl cellulose (CMC): ionic cellulose ether. Muindasitiri yemachira, CMC inowanzoshandiswa kutsiva starch yemhando yepamusoro semushonga wekuisa saizi yemachira. Machira akafukidzwa neCMC anogona kuwedzera kupfava uye kuvandudza zvakanyanya hunhu hwekudhinda nekudhaya. 'Muindasitiri yezvikafu, ice cream dzakasiyana-siyana dzinowedzerwa neCMC dzine kugadzikana kwakanaka kwechimiro, dziri nyore kupenda, uye hadzisi nyore kupfava. Sechinonama, chinoshandiswa kugadzira mbato, mabhokisi emapepa, mabhegi emapepa, wallpaper nematanda ekugadzira.
Cellulose esterzvinobva mumiti: kunyanya nitrocellulose ne cellulose acetate. Nitrocellulose: Inozivikanwawo se cellulose nitrate, huwandu hwayo hwenitrogen hunowanzova pakati pe10% ne14% nekuda kwemazinga akasiyana e esterification.
Huremu hwayo hwakawanda hunozivikanwa sedonje remoto, iro rave richishandiswa mukugadzira upfu hwepfuti husina utsi uye colloidal. Huremu hushoma hunozivikanwa se collodion. Hainyungudike mumvura, asi inonyungudika musanganiswa we ethyl alcohol ne ether, uye mhinduro yacho i collodion. Nekuti collodion solvent inopwanyika yoita firimu rakaoma, inowanzo shandiswa pakuvhara mabhodhoro, kudzivirira maronda uye celluloid yekutanga yepurasitiki munhoroondo.
Kana huwandu hwakakodzera hwe alkyd resin hukawedzerwa se modifier uye huwandu hwakakodzera hwe camphor hukashandiswa semushonga wekusimbisa, inova namati ye nitrocellulose, iyo inowanzoshandiswa pakubatanidza bepa, jira, dehwe, girazi, simbi uye ceramics.
Cellulose acetate: Inozivikanwawo secellulose acetate. Kana paine sulfuric acid catalyst, cellulose inosanganiswa nemusanganiswa weacetic acid neethanol, uye ipapo diluted acetic acid inowedzerwa kuti hydrolyze chigadzirwa kusvika padanho rinodiwa re esterification.
Kana ichienzaniswa nenitrocellulose, cellulose acetate inogona kushandiswa kugadzira manamatisi akagadzirwa ne solvent kuti asunge zvigadzirwa zvepurasitiki zvakaita semagirazi nematoyi. Kana ichienzaniswa ne cellulose nitrate, ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kusviba uye kugara kwenguva refu, asi ine simba shoma rekudzivirira acid, hunyoro uye hunodzivirira mamiriro ekunze.
guruu repuroteni
Namatira yemapuroteni imhando yenamatira yechisikigo ine zvinhu zvine mapuroteni sezvinhu zvikuru. Namatira inogona kugadzirwa kubva kumapuroteni emhuka nepuroteni yemuriwo. Zvichienderana neprotein inoshandiswa, yakakamurwa kuita mapuroteni emhuka (fen glue, gelatin, complex protein glue, uye albumin) uye mapuroteni emuriwo (bean gum, nezvimwewo). Kazhinji ane hukama hwakasimba kana akaoma uye anoshandiswa mukugadzira fenicha nekugadzira zvigadzirwa zvehuni. Zvisinei, kuramba kwayo kupisa uye kuramba mvura kwakaderera, izvo zvinonamatira mapuroteni emhuka zvinonyanya kukosha.
Guruu repuroteni yesoya: Mapuroteni emuriwo haasi chinhu chakakosha chekudya chete, asiwo ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana muminda isiri yekudya. Yakatangwa pamhando yeglue yepuroteni yesoya, muna 1923, Johnson akanyorera patent yeglue yepuroteni yesoya.
Muna 1930, chinamira chesoya chinonzi phenolic resin board (DuPont Mass Division) chakanga chisingashandiswi zvakanyanya nekuda kwesimba rekubatana risina kusimba uye mutengo wakakwira wekugadzira.
Mumakumi emakore achangopfuura, nekuda kwekuwedzera kwemusika wezvinonamira, acidity yezviwanikwa zvemafuta epasi rose uye kusvibiswa kwezvakatipoteredza zvakakwezva kutariswa, izvo zvakaita kuti indasitiri yezvinonamira ifungezve nezvezvinonamira zvitsva zvechisikigo, zvichiita kuti zvinonamira zvepuroteni yesoya zvive zvakare nzvimbo inonyanya kufarirwa pakutsvaga.
Soybean glue haina chepfu, haina kunaka, iri nyore kushandisa, asi haina simba rekudzivirira mvura. Kuwedzera 0.1% ~ 1.0% (huremu) yezvinhu zvinobatanidza zvakaita sethiourea, carbon disulfide, tricarboxymethyl sulfide, nezvimwewo kunogona kuwedzera simba rekudzivirira mvura, uye kugadzira manamatisi ekugadzira matanda neplywood.
Manamati epuroteni yemhuka: Manamati emhuka ave achishandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri emidziyo nekugadzira matanda. Zvinhu zvinowanzoshandiswa zvinosanganisira fenicha dzakadai sezvigaro, matafura, makabati, mamodheru, matoyi, zvinhu zvemitambo uye madeki.
Manamati matsva emhuka ane mvura ane huwandu hwakasimba hwe50-60% anosanganisira marudzi anoporesa nekukurumidza uye anoporesa zvishoma nezvishoma, ayo anoshandiswa mukubatanidza mapaneru efuremu emakabati ehardboard, kubatanidza dzimba dzinofambiswa, ma laminates akaomarara, nedzimwe mhuka dzinopisa zvishoma. Manamati madiki nepakati anoda nguva yekuisa manamati.
Guruu remhuka rudzi rwekurukira runoshandiswa mumatepi anonamira. Matepi aya anogona kushandiswa mumabhegi ekutengesa akajairika pamwe nematepi anorema akadai sekuvharwa kana kuputirwa kwefiber yakasimba nemabhokisi akavharirwa kuti zvitumirwe uko kunodiwa mashandiro emakanika nekukurumidza uye simba remabhondi akasimba rinogara kwenguva refu.
Panguva ino, huwandu hweglue remapfupa hwakakura, uye glue reganda rinowanzo shandiswa rega kana pamwe chete neglue remapfupa. Sekureva kweCoating Online, glue rinoshandiswa rinowanzo gadzirwa rine huwandu hwakasimba hwe50%, uye rinogona kusanganiswa nedextrin pa10% kusvika 20% yeglue yakaoma, pamwe chete nechinhu chidiki chekunyorovesa, plasticizer, gel inhibitor (kana zvichidikanwa).
Namatira (60~63℃) inowanzo sanganiswa nependi iri papepa rekumashure, uye huwandu hwechinhu chakasimba chinowanzo kuve 25% yehuremu hwepepa. Tepi yakanyorova inogona kuomeswa kana yaoma nemaroller anodziya nemhepo kana nemhepo inogadziriswa.
Pamusoro pezvo, kushandiswa kweglue yemhuka kunosanganisira kugadzira sandpaper ne gauze abrasives, saizi nependi yejira nepepa, uye kusungirirwa kwemabhuku nemagazini.
Namira yeTannin
Tannin imusanganiswa weorganic une mapoka epolyphenolic, anowanikwa zvakanyanya muhunde, makwati, midzi, mashizha nemichero yemiti. Zvikuru kubva mumagaba emiti nemiti ine tannin yakawanda. Tannin, formaldehyde nemvura zvinosanganiswa uye zvinodziiswa kuti zviwane tannin resin, zvinozowedzerwa mushonga wekupisa nefiller, uye tannin adhesive inowanikwa nekukurunga zvakaenzana.
Gundi reTannin rinodzivirira kupisa nekunyorova kubva pakukwegura, uye mashandiro egundi remhando ye "glue" akafanana negundi re "phenolic". Rinonyanya kushandiswa pakunamira huni, nezvimwewo.
namira ye lignin
Lignin chimwe chezvinhu zvikuru zvinoumba huni, uye zvirimo zvinoumba huni hunosvika 20-40%, hunotevera cellulose chete. Zvakaoma kubvisa lignin zvakananga kubva muhuni, uye chitubu chikuru imvura yakasviba ye pulp, iyo ine zviwanikwa zvakawanda.
Lignin haishandiswi sechinamira chete, asi sepolymer yephenolic resin inowanikwa nekushanda kweboka rephenolic re lignin ne formaldehyde sechinamira. Kuti ivandudze kuramba kwemvura, inogona kushandiswa pamwe chete ne ring-loaded isopropane epoxy isocyanate, stupid phenol, resorcinol nezvimwe zvinhu. Lignin glues dzinonyanya kushandiswa pakubatanidza plywood ne particleboard. Zvisinei, viscosity yayo yakakwira uye ruvara rwakadzika, uye mushure mekuvandudza, huwandu hwekushandiswa hunogona kuwedzerwa.
chingamu cheArabhu
Gum arabic, inozivikanwawo seacacia gum, imhando yemuti wemusango wemhou. Yakatumidzwa zita iri nekuda kwekugadzirwa kwayo kwakawanda munyika dzechiArabhu. Gum arabic inonyanya kuumbwa nemapolysaccharides ane huremu hwakaderera uye maacacia glycoproteins ane huremu hwakakwira. Nekuda kwekunyungudika kwakanaka kwegum arabic mumvura, kugadzirwa kwayo kuri nyore kwazvo, hakudi kupisa kana kumhanyisa. Gum arabic inooma nekukurumidza zvikuru. Inogona kushandiswa pakusunga malenzi emaziso, gluing stamps, namatidza zviratidzo zvekutengeserana, bonding food packaging uye auxiliaries dzekudhinda nekudhaya.
Namatidza isina organic
Zvinonamira zvakagadzirwa nezvinhu zvisina organic, zvakaita sephosphates, phosphates, sulfates, boron salts, metal oxides, nezvimwewo, zvinonzi inorganic adhesives. Hunhu hwazvo:
(1) Kuramba kupisa kwakanyanya, kunogona kutsungirira kupisa kwe1000 ℃ kana kupfuura:
(2) Hunhu hwakanaka hwekudzivirira kukwegura:
(3) Kudzikira kudiki
(4) Kuomarara kukuru. Modulus inonamira yakakwira kupfuura yezvinonamira zveorganic:
(5) Kusagona kunyura mumvura, kusagona kunyura asidhi uye alkali hazvina kunaka.
Unoziva here? Zvinonamira zvine mamwe mashandisirwo kunze kwekunamira.
Kudzivirira ngura: Mapaipi emhepo engarava anonyanya kufukidzwa nealuminium silicate neasbestos kuti adzivirirwe kupisa, asi nekuda kwekubuda kwemvura kana kutonhora nekupisa, mvura inonyungudika inogadzirwa, iyo inoungana pamadziro ekunze emapombi emhepo epasi; uye mapaipi emhepo anoiswa pakupisa kwakanyanya kwenguva yakareba, munyu unonyungudika. Basa remhepo yekuvhuvhuta kwemadziro ekunze rakakomba zvikuru.
Nechinangwa ichi, zvinonamira zvegirazi remvura zvinogona kushandiswa sezvinhu zvekunamira pasi pealuminium silicate kuti zvigadzire chifukidziro chine chimiro chakafanana neenamel. Pakuisa michina, zvikamu zvinowanzo sungirirwa. Kusangana nemhepo kwenguva refu kune zvishandiso zvine mabholiti kunogona kukonzera ngura. Munguva yekushanda kwemashini, dzimwe nguva mabholiti anosunungurwa nekuda kwekudengenyeka kwakanyanya.
Kuti dambudziko iri rigadziriswe, zvinhu zvinobatanidza zvinogona kubatanidzwa nezvinonamira zvisingasanganisike (inorganic adhesives) pakuiswa kwemuchina, uye zvobva zvabatanidzwa nemabhaudhi. Izvi hazvingogone chete kuita basa rekusimbisa, asiwo kuita basa rekudzivirira ngura.
Biomedical: Kuumbwa kwezvinhu zve hydroxyapatite bioceramic kuri pedyo nechinhu chisina kugadzirwa chemapfupa emunhu, chinoenderana zvakanaka nemuviri, chinogona kuumba chisungo chakasimba chemakemikari nemapfupa, uye chinhu chakakodzera chekutsiva nyama dzakaoma.
Zvisinei, modulus yakajairika yeHA implants yakagadzirwa yakakwira uye simba rayo rakaderera, uye mashandiro acho haana kunaka. Fosphate glass glue inosarudzwa, uye HA raw material powder inosunganidzwa pamwe chete patembiricha yakaderera pane tembiricha yechinyakare inosvira kuburikidza nekushanda kweglue, nokudaro ichideredza elastic modulus uye ichivimbisa mashandiro echinhu chacho.
Cohesion Technologies Ltd. yakazivisa kuti vakagadzira Coseal sealant inogona kushandiswa pakubatanidza mwoyo uye yakashandiswa zvinobudirira mukurapa. Kuburikidza nekushandiswa kwezviitiko makumi maviri nerimwe zvekuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo muEurope, zvakaonekwa kuti kushandiswa kweCoseal surgery kwakaderedza zvakanyanya kunamira kwekuvhiyiwa zvichienzaniswa nedzimwe nzira. Zvidzidzo zvekutanga zvekiriniki zvakatevera zvakaratidza kuti Coseal sealant ine mukana mukuru mukuvhiyiwa kwemwoyo, gynecological uye mudumbu.
Kushandiswa kwezvinonamira mukurapa kunozivikanwa senzvimbo itsva yekukura muindasitiri yekunamira. Guruu rechimiro rinoumbwa ne epoxy resin kana unsaturated polyester.
Muhunyanzvi hwekudzivirira: Ngarava dzepasi pemvura dzakavanda ndeimwe yezviratidzo zvekuvandudzwa kwemidziyo yemugungwa. Nzira yakakosha yekuvanda kwepasi pemvura ndeyekuisa mataira anonwisa ruzha paganda repasi pemvura. Mataira anonwisa ruzha imhando yerabha ine hunhu hunobata ruzha.
Kuti musanganise zvakasimba mataira emuffler nesimbi yemadziro echikepe, zvakakosha kushandisa namati. Inoshandiswa mumauto: kugadzirisa matangi, kuunganidza ngarava dzehondo, mabhomba endege dzehondo, kubatanidza thermal protection layer bonding, kugadzira zvinhu zvekufukidza, kurwisa hugandanga uye kurwisa hugandanga.
Zvinoshamisa here? Musatarisa glue redu diki, rine ruzivo rwakawanda mariri.
Hunhu hukuru hwemuviri uye hwemakemikari hweglue
Nguva yekushanda
Nguva yakanyanya pakati pekusanganisa namatidza uye kusanganisa zvikamu zvinofanirwa kusungirirwa
Nguva yekutanga yekuzorora
Nguva Yekubvisa Simba Inobvumira Simba Rakakwana Rekubata Zvisungo, kusanganisira Kutamisa Zvikamu Kubva Kuzvigadziriso
nguva yakakwana yekupora
Nguva inodiwa kuti uwane hunhu hwekupedzisira hwemakanika mushure mekusanganisa namatidza
nguva yekuchengetedza
Mune mamwe mamiriro ezvinhu, namatidza inogona kuramba ichichengetedza hunhu hwayo hwekubata uye nguva yekuchengetedza simba rakatarwa.
simba rechisungo
Pasi pesimba rekunze, kushushikana kunodiwa kuti kubatana pakati pechinamira nechinonamatira muchikamu chinonamira zviputse kana kuti pedyo nazvo.
Simba rekuveura
Simba rekuchekerera rinoreva simba rekuchekerera iro pamusoro pechisungo cheyuniti rinogona kutsungirira kana chikamu chechisungo chakakuvara, uye chikamu chacho chinoratidzwa muMPa (N/mm2)
Simba rekudhonza risina kuenzana
Mutoro wepamusoro unogona kutakura mubatanidzwa kana waiswa simba rekudhonza risina kuenzana, nekuti mutoro wacho unonyanya kuunganidzwa pamipendero miviri kana kumucheto mumwe wechikamu chekunamira, uye simba racho riri pahurefu hweyuniti pane pahuniti, uye yuniti yacho iKN/m
Simba reKusimba
Simba rekudhonza, iro rinozivikanwawo sesimba rekudhonza rakaenzana uye simba rekudhonza rakanaka, rinoreva simba rekudhonza pachikamu chimwe nechimwe kana kunamatira kwakuvadzwa nesimba, uye chikamu chacho chinoratidzwa muMPa (N/mm2).
simba rekusvuura
Simba remapete ndiro mutoro wepamusoro pahupamhi hweyuniti unogona kutsungirira kana zvikamu zvakabatana zvaparadzaniswa pasi pemamiriro ezvinhu akatarwa ekupetesa, uye yuniti yacho inoratidzwa muKN/m
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-25-2024