Ihe ndị e ji eme ihe nrapado eke bụ ihe a na-ejikarị eme ihe ná ndụ anyị. Dịka ọtụtụ ihe si kwuo, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime gluu anụmanụ, gluu akwụkwọ nri na gluu mineral. Gluu anụmanụ gụnyere gluu akpụkpọ ahụ, gluu ọkpụkpụ, shellac, gluu casein, gluu albumin, gluu eriri afọ azụ, wdg.; gluu akwụkwọ nri gụnyere starch, dextrin, rosin, gum arabic, roba eke, wdg.; gluu mineral gụnyere wax mineral, asphalt Cheat. N'ihi ọtụtụ ihe ndị o nwere, ọnụ ahịa ya dị ala na obere nsí, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ihe gbasara ngwá ụlọ, ijikọ akwụkwọ, nkwakọ ngwaahịa na nhazi aka.
ihe na-arapara starch
Mgbe ihe mmado starch batara na narị afọ nke 21, ezigbo arụmọrụ gburugburu ebe obibi nke ihe ọhụrụ ahụ ga-abụ ihe dị mkpa na ihe ọhụrụ ahụ. Starch bụ ihe na-adịghị egbu egbu, na-adịghị emerụ ahụ, na-adịghị ọnụ ala, na-emebi emebi ma dịkwa mma maka gburugburu ebe obibi. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe n'ọtụtụ ụlọ ọrụ dị iche iche. Karịsịa n'afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, teknụzụ mmepụta ụlọ ọrụ na-arapara n'ụwa na-etolite n'akụkụ nchekwa ike, obere ọnụ ahịa, enweghị nnukwu mmerụ ahụ, oke viscosity na enweghị ihe mgbaze.
Dịka ụdị ngwaahịa nchekwa gburugburu ebe obibi akwụkwọ ndụ akwụkwọ ndụ, ihe na-eme ka ... ghara ịdị mma, ọ dọtara uche dị ukwuu n'ọrụ ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma. Banyere itinye na imepụta ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị mma, nnyocha na itinye ya n'ọrụ bụ ihe kacha mma.
N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikarị starch eme ihe dị ka ihe na-arapara n'akwụkwọ na ngwaahịa akwụkwọ, dịka mkpuchi katọn na katọn, ịkọ akara, itinye ihe na-ejikọta ọnụ, envelopu na-arapara, njikọta akpa akwụkwọ dị iche iche, wdg.
E tinyere ọtụtụ ihe na-ejikọ starch n'ime ihe ndị a:
Ihe na-arapara starch oxidized
A na-eji ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọcha nke e ji ngwakọta nke starch gbanwere agbanwe nke nwere obere polymerization nke nwere otu aldehyde na otu carboxyl na mmiri mee ihe site na iji ihe na-eme ka ọ dị ọkụ ma ọ bụ gelatinize na okpomọkụ ụlọ. Mgbe emechara ka ọ dị ọcha, starch a gbanyere mkpọrọgwụ nke nwere ike ịgbaze mmiri, mmiri na-agbaze ma na-arapara.
Ọnụọgụ nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị obere, oke nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya ghara ịdị oke, mkpokọta nke otu ọrụ ọhụrụ nke starch na-emepụta na-ebelata, oke nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dịkwuo elu, oke nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya na-ebelata, oke nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya na-ebelata, oke nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya ghara ịdị mma. Ọ na-enwe nnukwu mmetụta na acidity, nghọta na ọdịnaya hydroxyl nke ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya dị.
Ka oge mmeghachi omume na-agbatị, ogo nke oxidation na-abawanye, ọdịnaya nke otu carboxyl na-abawanye, na viscosity nke ngwaahịa ahụ na-ebelata nwayọ nwayọ, mana nghọta na-akawanye mma.
Ihe na-eme ka starch dị mma
Ihe mgbakwunye starch esterified bụ ihe mgbakwunye starch na-anaghị emebi emebi, nke na-enye starch otu ọrụ ọhụrụ site na mmeghachi omume esterification n'etiti otu hydroxyl nke molekul starch na ihe ndị ọzọ, si otú a na-eme ka arụmọrụ nke ihe mgbakwunye starch ka mma. N'ihi njikọ akụkụ nke starch esterified, yabụ viscosity na-abawanye, nkwụsi ike nchekwa ka mma, a na-eme ka njirimara nke iguzogide mmiri na nje dịkwuo mma, oyi akwa ahụ nwekwara ike iguzogide mmetụta dị elu na ala na nke ọzọ.
Ihe na-arapara starch a kpụkọrọ akpụkọ
Ịkọwapụta starch bụ iji usoro anụ ahụ na nke kemịkalụ mee ka usoro molekul starch mepụta ihe ndị na-enye onwe ha ohere, mgbe ha na-ezute monomers polymer, a na-emepụta mmeghachi omume yinye. A na-emepụta agbụ akụkụ nke monomers polymer mejupụtara na agbụ isi starch.
Site n'iji atụmatụ nke ma polyethylene na starch molecules nwere otu hydroxyl mee ihe, enwere ike ịmepụta njikọ hydrogen n'etiti polyvinyl alcohol na starch molecules, nke na-arụ ọrụ dị ka "ịkọ" n'etiti polyvinyl alcohol na starch molecules, ka ihe mgbakwunye starch enwetara wee nwee ihe ndị ọzọ dị mma, mmiri mmiri na ihe mgbochi oyi.
Ebe ọ bụ na ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ya bụ ihe e ji emepụta ihe e ji emepụta ihe n'ime ya, ọ dị ọnụ ala, ọ naghị egbu egbu ma ọ bụ na-enweghị ụtọ, ọ dịghịkwa emebi gburugburu ebe obibi, ya mere a na-eme nnyocha ma tinye ya n'ọrụ nke ọma. N'oge na-adịbeghị anya, a na-ejikarị ihe na-eme ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị n'ime ihe ndị e ji emepụta ihe n'ime akwụkwọ, ákwà owu, envelopu, akwụkwọ mmado, na katọn corrugated.
Ihe nyagide cellulose
Ihe ndị e ji mee ka cellulose ether dị ka ihe nrapado gụnyere methyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose na ethyl cellulose ndị ọzọ (EC): bụ a thermoplastic, mmiri anaghị agbaze, nonionic cellulose alkyl ether.
O nwere ezigbo ike kemịkalụ, ike iguzogide alkali siri ike, ihe mkpuchi eletriki dị mma na rheology igwe, ma nwee àgwà nke ịnọgide na-enwe ike na mgbanwe na okpomọkụ dị elu na nke dị ala. Ọ dị mfe ijikọ ya na wax, resin, plasticizer, wdg, dị ka akwụkwọ, roba, akpụkpọ anụ, na ihe mgbakwunye maka ákwà.
Methyl cellulose (CMC): ionic cellulose ether. N'ime ụlọ ọrụ ákwà, a na-ejikarị CMC dochie starch dị elu dị ka ihe na-eme ka ákwà dị nha. Ákwà ndị e ji CMC kpuchie nwere ike ime ka ịdị nro dịkwuo elu ma melite arụmọrụ mbipụta na agba agba nke ukwuu. 'N'ụlọ ọrụ nri, ụdị ice cream dị iche iche agbakwunyere na CMC nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike ọdịdị, dị mfe agba, ọ dịghịkwa mfe ime ka ọ dị nro. Dịka ihe na-arapara, a na-eji ya eme ihe maka ihe e ji akpa ákwà, igbe akwụkwọ, akpa akwụkwọ, akwụkwọ ahụaja na osisi e ji aka rụọ.
Cellulose esterihe ndị sitere na ya: ọkachasị nitrocellulose na cellulose acetate. Nitrocellulose: A makwaara ya dị ka cellulose nitrate, ọdịnaya nitrogen ya na-adịkarị n'etiti 10% na 14% n'ihi ọkwa dị iche iche nke esterification.
A maara oke ihe dị n'ime ya dị ka owu ọkụ, nke ejirila mee ihe n'ịmepụta ntụ ntụ egbe na-anaghị anwụrụ ọkụ na nke colloidal. A na-akpọkarị obere ihe dị n'ime ya collodion. Ọ naghị agbaze na mmiri, mana ọ na-agbaze na ngwakọta ihe mgbaze nke ethyl alcohol na ether, ihe ngwọta ya bụkwa collodion. N'ihi na ihe mgbaze collodion na-apụ n'anya ma na-emepụta ihe nkiri siri ike, a na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka mmechi karama, nchebe ọnya na celluloid plastik mbụ n'akụkọ ihe mere eme.
Ọ bụrụ na etinyere resin alkyd kwesịrị ekwesị dị ka ihe na-agbanwe agbanwe ma jiri camphor kwesịrị ekwesị mee ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike, ọ na-aghọ ihe na-eme ka nitrocellulose dị nro, nke a na-ejikarị eme ihe maka ijikọ akwụkwọ, ákwà, akpụkpọ anụ, iko, ígwè na seramiiki.
Cellulose acetate: A makwaara ya dịka cellulose acetate. N'ihe gbasara ihe na-eme ka sulfuric acid na-akpali akpali, a na-etinye cellulose na ngwakọta acetic acid na ethanol, wee tinye acetic acid a gwakọtara agwakọta iji mee ka ngwaahịa ahụ dịghachi mma ruo n'ókè achọrọ nke esterification.
Ma e jiri ya tụnyere nitrocellulose, a pụrụ iji cellulose acetate mepụta ihe mgbakwụnye dabere na ihe mgbaze iji jikọta ngwaahịa plastik dịka iko na ihe egwuregwu. Ma e jiri ya tụnyere cellulose nitrate, ọ nwere ezigbo nguzogide viscosity na ogologo oge, mana ọ naghị eguzogide acid, ọ naghị eguzogide mmiri na iguzogide ihu igwe.
gluu protein
Ihe na-arapara protein bụ ụdị ihe na-arapara eke nke nwere ihe ndị nwere protein dị ka ihe bụ isi e ji eme ihe. Enwere ike iji protein anụmanụ na protein akwụkwọ nri mee ihe na-arapara. Dịka protein ejiri mee ya si dị, a na-ekewa ya n'ime protein anụmanụ (fen gluu, gelatin, complex protein gluu, na albumin) na protein akwụkwọ nri (bean gum, wdg). Ha na-enwekarị nrụgide njikọ dị elu mgbe ha kpọrọ nkụ ma a na-eji ha eme ihe n'ichepụta ngwá ụlọ na mmepụta ihe osisi. Agbanyeghị, ọ naghị anabata okpomọkụ na iguzogide mmiri nke ọma, nke ihe na-arapara protein anụmanụ dị mkpa karịa.
Gluu protein soy: Protein akwụkwọ nri abụghị naanị ihe dị mkpa maka nri, kamakwa ọ na-ejikwa ọtụtụ ihe n'ọhịa ndị na-abụghị nri. E mepụtara ya na ihe mgbakwunye protein soy, na mbido 1923, Johnson tinyere akwụkwọ maka patent maka ihe mgbakwunye protein soy.
Na 1930, a naghị eji ihe mgbakwụnye phenolic resin board nke protein soybean (DuPont Mass Division) eme ihe nke ọma n'ihi ike njikọ adịghị ike na oke ọnụ ahịa mmepụta.
N'ime iri afọ ndị na-adịbeghị anya, n'ihi mmụba nke ahịa ihe nrapado, acidity nke akụrụngwa mmanụ zuru ụwa ọnụ na mmetọ gburugburu ebe obibi adọtala uche, nke mere ka ụlọ ọrụ ihe nrapado ahụ leba anya na ihe nrapado ọhụrụ sitere n'okike, nke mere ka ihe nrapado protein soybean ghọọkwa ebe a na-eme nnyocha ọzọ.
Ihe na-eme ka mmanụ soy sie ike anaghị egbu egbu, ọ naghị atọ ụtọ, ọ dịkwa mfe iji, mana ọ naghị anabata mmiri nke ọma. Ịtinye 0.1% ~ 1.0% (oke) nke ihe ndị na-ejikọ ihe dị ka thiourea, carbon disulfide, tricarboxymethyl sulfide, wdg nwere ike ime ka mmiri ghara iguzogide, ma mee ihe ndị na-eme ka osisi na-ejikọta ihe na plywood.
Gluu protein anụmanụ: A na-eji gluu anụmanụ eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ụlọ ọrụ nhazi arịa ụlọ na osisi. Ngwaahịa ndị a na-ejikarị eme ihe gụnyere arịa ụlọ dịka oche, tebụl, kabinet, ụdị, ihe egwuregwu, ngwa egwuregwu na ihe ndị ọzọ dị n'elu ụlọ.
Ngwakọta anụmanụ mmiri mmiri ọhụrụ nwere ihe siri ike nke 50-60% gụnyere ụdị ihe eji agwọ ngwa ngwa na ihe eji agwọ nwayọ nwayọ, nke a na-eji ejikọta panel fremu nke kabọd siri ike, ihe eji arụ ụlọ mkpanaka, ihe eji eme laminate siri ike, na anụmanụ ndị ọzọ na-ekpo ọkụ na-adịghị oke ọnụ. Ọ na-achọ obere na ọkara gluu.
Gluu anụmanụ bụ ụdị ihe nrapado nkịtị a na-eji na teepu nrapado. Enwere ike iji teepu ndị a mee akpa ndị a na-ere ngwa ngwa yana teepu ndị dị arọ dịka mkpuchi ma ọ bụ nkwakọ ngwaahịa nke eriri siri ike na igbe kọbọd maka mbupu ebe a chọrọ ọrụ igwe ngwa ngwa na ike njikọ dị elu ogologo oge.
N'oge a, ọnụọgụ gluu ọkpụkpụ buru ibu, a na-ejikarị gluu akpụkpọ ahụ eme ihe naanị ya ma ọ bụ jikọta ya na gluu ọkpụkpụ. Dịka Coating Online si kwuo, a na-emepụta gluu ejiri mee ihe na ọdịnaya siri ike nke ihe dị ka 50%, a pụkwara ịgwakọta ya na dextrin na 10% ruo 20% nke oke gluu akọrọ, yana obere ihe na-eme ka mmiri dị mmiri mmiri, plastikizer, na gel inhibitor (mgbe ọ dị mkpa).
A na-agwakọta ihe na-arapara (60~63℃) na agba dị na akwụkwọ nkwado, oke ihe siri ike nke a na-etinye na ya na-abụkarị 25% nke ibu nke ntọala akwụkwọ ahụ. Enwere ike ịkpọ teepu mmiri mmiri n'okpuru nrụgide site na iji ihe na-akpọ steam kpụ ọkụ n'ọnụ ma ọ bụ site na iji ihe na-ekpo ọkụ ikuku a na-agbanwe agbanwe.
Tinyere nke a, iji gluu anụmanụ eme ihe gụnyere imepụta akwụkwọ ájá na ihe e ji eme ka ihe dị nro, nha na mkpuchi nke ákwà na akwụkwọ, yana ijikọ akwụkwọ na magazin.
Ihe nyagide tannin
Tannin bụ ihe mejupụtara organic nke nwere otu polyphenolic, nke dị n'osisi, ogbugbo, mgbọrọgwụ, akwụkwọ na mkpụrụ osisi. Isi ihe a na-esi na ihe mkpofu osisi na osisi nwere nnukwu tannin. A na-agwakọta tannin, formaldehyde na mmiri ma kpoo ọkụ iji nweta resin tannin, wee tinye ihe na-agwọ ọrịa na ihe na-emeju ya, a na-enwetakwa ihe na-ejikọ tannin site na ịkpalite ya nke ọma.
Ihe na-eme ka tannin na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na iru mmiri nke ọma, arụmọrụ nke ihe na-eme ka osisi na-egbuke egbuke yiri nke ihe na-eme ka osisi na-egbuke egbuke. A na-ejikarị ya eme ihe maka ịrapara osisi, wdg.
ihe na-eme ka lignin na-arapara
Lignin bụ otu n'ime ihe ndị bụ isi e ji osisi rụọ, ihe dị n'ime ya bụ ihe dị ka pasentị iri abụọ ruo iri anọ nke osisi, nke abụọ karịa cellulose. Ọ na-esiri ike iwepụta lignin ozugbo site na osisi, isi ihe na-esi na ya apụta bụ mmiri mkpofu pulp, nke bara ụba na akụrụngwa.
A naghị eji Lignin eme ihe dị ka ihe na-arapara naanị ya, kama ọ bụ ihe e ji phenolic resin polymer nke e nwetara site n'ọrụ nke phenolic group nke lignin na formaldehyde dị ka ihe na-arapara. Iji mee ka mmiri ghara iguzogide mmiri nke ọma, enwere ike iji ya na isopropane epoxy isocyanate, stupid phenol, resorcinol na ihe ndị ọzọ dị na ya. A na-ejikarị ihe na-arapara lignin eme ihe maka ijikọ plywood na particleboard. Agbanyeghị, viscosity ya dị elu ma agba ya dị omimi, mgbe emechara ya nke ọma, enwere ike ịgbasa oke ojiji ya.
chịngọm Arabic
Gum arabic, nke a makwaara dị ka acacia gum, bụ ihe e si n'osisi ezinụlọ igurube ọhịa pụta. Aha ya bụ n'ihi mmepụta ya na mba Arab. Gum arabic bụ isi ihe mejupụtara polysaccharides dị obere na acacia glycoproteins dị elu. N'ihi na mmiri na-agbaze nke chịngọm arabic, nhazi ya dị mfe, ọ chọghị okpomọkụ ma ọ bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ rụọ ọrụ ngwa ngwa. Gum arabic na-akpọ nkụ ngwa ngwa. Enwere ike iji ya maka ijikọ anya anya, itinye stampụ, itinye akara akara azụmaahịa, ijikọ nkwakọ ngwaahịa nri na ibipụta na ịcha agba agba.
Ihe nyagide na-adịghị n'ime ihe
A na-akpọ ihe ndị e ji ihe ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe dị ka phosphates, phosphates, sulfates, nnu boron, metal oxides, wdg., ihe ndị na-adịghị emepụta ihe dị iche iche.
(1) Oke okpomọkụ na-eguzogide, nwere ike idi okpomọkụ 1000 ℃ ma ọ bụ karịa:
(2) Ezigbo ihe mgbochi ịka nká:
(3) Mbelata obere
(4) Ọ na-agbawa agbawa nke ukwuu. Modulu ahụ na-agbanwe agbanwe dị elu karịa nke ihe ndị e ji eme ka ọ gbawaa n'ime ahụ:
(5) Mmiri anaghị anabata, acid na alkali adịghị mma.
Ị ma? Ihe ndị ọzọ e ji eme ihe ndị a na-eji eme ihe dị iche iche ma e wezụga ịrapara.
Mgbochi ire ere: A na-ejikarị aluminom silicate na asbestos ekpuchi ọkpọkọ uzuoku nke ụgbọ mmiri iji nweta mkpuchi okpomọkụ, mana n'ihi mmiri na-agbapụta ma ọ bụ oyi na okpomọkụ na-agbanwe agbanwe, a na-emepụta mmiri condensate, nke na-agbakọta na mgbidi mpụta nke ọkpọkọ uzuoku dị n'okpuru; a na-ekpughekwa ọkpọkọ uzuoku ahụ na okpomọkụ dị elu ruo ogologo oge, nnu na-agbaze agbaze. Ọrụ nke ire ere mgbidi mpụta dị oke njọ.
Maka nke a, enwere ike iji ihe nrapado iko mmiri mee ihe dị ka ihe mkpuchi n'elu oyi akwa ala nke aluminom silicate iji mepụta mkpuchi nwere ihe owuwu dị ka enamel. N'ime nrụnye igwe, a na-ejikarị ihe ndị mejupụtara ya kpụọ. Ikpughe ikuku ruo ogologo oge maka ngwaọrụ kpụọ nwere ike ibute nchara crevice. N'ime usoro ọrụ igwe, mgbe ụfọdụ, a na-eme ka kpụọ ha dị nro n'ihi oke mkpọtụ.
Iji dozie nsogbu a, enwere ike iji ihe ndị na-ejikọ ihe na-adịghị mma jikọta ihe ndị ahụ na ntinye igwe, wee jikọta ha na bolts. Nke a abụghị naanị ọrụ na nkwado, kamakwa ọ na-arụ ọrụ na mgbochi ire ere.
Ọgwụ Biomedical: Ihe mejupụtara ihe hydroxyapatite bioceramic dị nso na ihe na-adịghị ahụkebe nke ọkpụkpụ mmadụ, ọ nwere ezigbo ndakọrịta bio, ọ nwere ike ịmepụta njikọ kemịkalụ siri ike na ọkpụkpụ, ọ bụkwa ihe nnọchi anụ ahụ siri ike zuru oke.
Agbanyeghị, modulus elastic zuru oke nke ihe ndị a kwadebere HA dị elu ma ike ya dị ala, ọrụ ahụ adịghịkwa mma. A na-ahọrọ ihe mgbakwunye iko phosphate, a na-ejikọkwa ntụ ntụ ihe HA n'ime obere okpomọkụ karịa okpomọkụ sintering ọdịnala site na ọrụ nke ihe mgbakwunye ahụ, si otú a na-ebelata modulus elastic ma hụ na ihe ahụ na-arụ ọrụ.
Cohesion Technologies Ltd. kwupụtara na ha emepụtala ihe mkpuchi Coseal nke enwere ike iji maka njikọ obi ma ejiri ya nke ọma n'ụlọọgwụ. Site na iji ọnụọgụ abụọ na otu ịwa ahụ obi na Europe tụnyere ya, achọpụtara na iji ịwa ahụ Coseal belatara njikọta ịwa ahụ nke ukwuu ma e jiri ya tụnyere ụzọ ndị ọzọ. Ọmụmụ ihe mbụ gbasara ahụike ndị sochirinụ gosiri na ihe mkpuchi Coseal nwere nnukwu ike na ịwa ahụ obi, ọrịa ụmụ nwanyị na afọ.
A maara itinye ihe nrapado n'ọgwụ dị ka ebe ọhụrụ na-eto eto n'ime ụlọ ọrụ ihe nrapado. Gluu nhazi nke ejiri epoxy resin ma ọ bụ polyester na-enweghị afọ ojuju mee.
N'ihe gbasara teknụzụ nchekwa: Ụgbọ mmiri ndị zoro ezo bụ otu n'ime ihe nnọchianya nke ime ka ngwa agha mmiri dị ọhụrụ. Ụzọ dị mkpa isi zoo ihe n'okpuru mmiri bụ itinye taịlị ndị na-amịkọrọ ụda n'elu shei ụgbọ mmiri ndị ahụ. Taịlị ndị na-amịkọrọ ụda bụ ụdị rọba nwere ihe ndị na-amịkọrọ ụda.
Iji mezuo njikọta siri ike nke taịlị muffler na efere ígwè nke mgbidi ụgbọ mmiri ahụ, ọ dị mkpa ịdabere na ihe mmado. Ejiri ya mee ihe n'ọgbọ agha: mmezi tankị, mgbakọ ụgbọ mmiri ndị agha, bọmbụ ọkụ ụgbọelu ndị agha, njikọ oyi akwa nchekwa okpomọkụ nke isi agha, nkwadebe nke ihe mkpuchi, mgbochi iyi ọha egwu na mgbochi iyi ọha egwu.
Ọ dị egwu? Elela obere ihe mgbakwụnye anyị anya, e nwere ọtụtụ ihe ọmụma dị na ya.
Isi ihe ndị dị na anụ ahụ na kemịkalụ nke ihe nrapado ahụ
Oge ọrụ
Oge kachasị n'etiti ngwakọta ihe nrapado na njikọta nke akụkụ ndị a ga-ejikọta
Oge mbụ nke ọgwụgwọ
Oge Ịwepụ Ike Na-enye Ike zuru oke maka ijikwa njikọ, gụnyere ịkwaga akụkụ site na ihe ndị e ji arụ ọrụ.
oge ọgwụgwọ zuru oke
Oge achọrọ iji nweta njirimara igwe ikpeazụ mgbe agwakọtachara gluu
oge nchekwa
N'okpuru ọnọdụ ụfọdụ, ihe nrapado ahụ ka nwere ike ịnọgide na-enwe njirimara njikwa ya na oge nchekwa nke ike akọwapụtara
ike njikọ
N'okpuru ọrụ nke ike mpụga, nrụgide dị mkpa iji mee ka njikọ dị n'etiti ihe mgbakwunye na ihe jikọtara na akụkụ ihe mgbakwunye ahụ gbawaa ma ọ bụ gburugburu ya
Ike ịkwa akwa
Ike ịkwa akwa na-ezo aka n'ike ịkwa akwa nke elu njikọ nke otu ahụ nwere ike iguzogide mgbe akụkụ njikọ ahụ mebiri emebi, a na-egosipụtakwa otu ya na MPa (N/mm2)
Ike ndọpụta na-adịghị mma
Ibu kachasị nke nkwonkwo ahụ nwere ike ibu mgbe a na-enye ya ike ịdọrọ na-adịghị mma, n'ihi na ibu ahụ na-elekwasị anya na nsọtụ abụọ ma ọ bụ otu nsọtụ nke oyi akwa nrapado, ike ahụ dịkwa kwa ogologo otu kama ọ bụ kwa mpaghara otu, nkeji ahụ bụkwa KN/m
Ike ọdụdọ
Ike nrụgide, nke a makwaara dị ka ike ndọda otu na ike nrụgide dị mma, na-ezo aka na ike nrụgide kwa mpaghara nkeji mgbe ike mebiri njikọ ahụ, ma gosipụta nkeji ahụ na MPa (N/mm2).
ike mkpụcha akpụkpọ ahụ
Ike ịkpụ bụ ibu kachasị elu kwa obosara nke otu nke nwere ike iguzogide mgbe e kewara akụkụ ndị ejikọtara n'okpuru ọnọdụ ịkpụcha akọwapụtara, a na-egosipụtakwa otu ya na KN/m
Oge ozi: Eprel-25-2024