1. Te kōwhiringa o ngā rauemi paru
(1) Uku: Whakamahia he bentonite kounga teitei, ā, ko ōna whakaritenga hangarau e whai ake nei: 1. Rahi o te matūriki: neke atu i te 200 mata. 2. Ihirangi makuku: kaua e neke atu i te 10% 3. Tere whakapūpū: kaua e iti iho i te 10m3/tana. 4. Ngaronga wai: kaua e neke atu i te 20ml/min.
(2) Kōwhiringa wai: Me whakamātau te wai mō te kounga o te wai. Ko te tikanga, kaua te wai ngohengohe e neke ake i te 15 nekehanga. Ki te nui ake, me whakangawari.
(3) Polyacrylamide kua waikurahia: Ko te whiriwhiri i te polyacrylamide kua waikurahia me waiho hei paura maroke, anionic, me te taumaha ngota ngota kaua e iti iho i te 5 miriona me te tohu o te waikurahia o te 30%.
(4) Polyacrylonitrile kua waikurahia: Ko te whiriwhiri i te polyacrylonitrile kua waikurahia me waiho hei paura maroke, anionic, te taumaha ngota 100,000-200,000, me te tohu o te waikura 55-65%.
(5) Te pungarehu houra (Na2CO3): Whakakorehia te konupūmā o te bentonite hei whakapai ake i tana mahi (6) Te pāhare pākawa waro: Ko te paura pango 20-100 mesh te mea pai rawa atu
2. Te whakarite me te whakamahi
(1) Ngā kai matua o ia paru pūtoru: 1. Bentonite: 5%-8%, 50-80kg. 2. Pungarehu houra (NaCO3): 3% ki te 5% o te rōrahi oneone, 1.5 ki te 4kg o te pungarehu houra. 3. Polyacrylamide waikura: 0.015% ki te 0.03%, 0.15 ki te 0.3kg. 4. Paura maroke polyacrylonitrile waikura: 0.2% ki te 0.5%, 2 ki te 5kg o te paura maroke polyacrylonitrile waikura.
Hei tāpiritanga, kia rite ki ngā āhuatanga o te hanganga, tāpirihia te 0.5 ki te 3 kg o te kaihoko ārai-heke, te kaihoko aukati me te kaihoko whakaiti i te ngaronga wai mō ia mita pūtoru o te paru. Mena he ngāwari te hinga me te whānui o te hanganga Quaternary, tāpirihia te 1% o te kaihoko ārai-hinga me te 1% o te pāhare pākawa waro.
(2) Te tukanga whakarite: I raro i ngā āhuatanga noa, e hiahiatia ana kia 50m3 te paru hei keri i tētahi poka wai 1000m te roa. Mēnā ka whakaritea te paru 20m3 hei tauira, ko te tukanga whakarite o te "paru pūmua takirua" e whai ake nei:
1. Tāpirihia te 30-80kg o te pungarehu houra (NaCO3) ki roto i te wai 4m3 ka whakaohokia kia pai, kātahi ka tāpirihia te 1000-1600kg o te bentonite, ka whakaohokia kia pai, ka rumakina mō ngā rā e rua neke atu i mua i te whakamahinga. 2. I mua i te whakamahinga, tāpirihia te paru kua whakakiia ki roto i te wai ma hei whakaranu kia puta he paru turanga 20m3. 3. Whakarewahia te 3-6kg o te paura maroke polyacrylamide kua waikurahia ki te wai ka tāpirihia ki te paru turanga; whakaranua, ka whakarewahia te 40-100kg o te paura maroke polyacrylonitrile kua waikurahia ki te wai ka tāpirihia ki te paru turanga. 4. Whakaohokia kia pai i muri i te tāpiri i ngā kai katoa.
(3) Whakamātautau mahi Me whakamātau me te tirotiro i ngā āhuatanga rerekē o te paru i mua i te whakamahinga, ā, me tutuki i ia tawhā ngā paerewa e whai ake nei: te ihirangi wāhanga totoka: iti iho i te 4% te taumaha motuhake (r): iti iho i te 1.06 te matotoru o te hāpara (T): 17 ki te 21 hēkona Te rōrahi wai (B): iti iho i te 15ml/30 meneti Keke paru (K):
Ngā Kai o te paru keri mō ia kiromita
1. Uku:
Kōwhiria te bentonite kounga teitei, ā, ko ōna whakaritenga hangarau e whai ake nei: 1. Rahi o te matūriki: neke atu i te 200 mata 2. Ihirangi makuku: kaua e neke atu i te 10% 3. Tere whakapūpū: kaua e iti iho i te 10 m3/tana 4. Ngaronga wai: kaua e neke atu i te 20ml/min 5. Inenga: 3000～4000kg
2. Pungarehu houra (NaCO3): 150kg
3. Kōwhiringa wai: Me whakamātau te wai mō te kounga o te wai. Ko te tikanga, kaua te wai ngohengohe e neke ake i te 15 nekehanga. Ki te nui ake, me whakangawari.
4. Polyacrylamide kua waikurahia: 1. Ko te kōwhiringa o te polyacrylamide kua waikurahia me waiho hei paura maroke, anionic, te taumaha ngota kaua e iti iho i te 5 miriona, me te tohu waikura 30%. 2. Inenga: 25kg.
5. Polyacrylonitrile kua waikurahia: 1. Ko te kōwhiringa o te polyacrylonitrile kua waikurahia me waiho hei paura maroke, anionic, te taumaha ngota 100,000-200,000, me te tohu o te waikura 55-65%. 2. Inenga: 300kg.
6. Ētahi atu rauemi tāpiri: 1. Kai ārai-paheke ST-1: 25kg. 2. Kai mono 801: 50kg. 3. Pāhare pākawa waro (KHm): 50kg. 4. NaOH (houkawa wai): 10kg. 5. Ngā rauemi kore mahi mō te mono (pahu kani, kiri kākano miro, me ētahi atu): 250kg.
Paru ā-hīkoi totoka iti-wāhanga
1. Ngā Āhuatanga
1. He pai te rere me te kaha ki te kawe i te paura toka. 2. He māmā te maimoatanga paru, he watea te tiaki, he pumau te mahi, ā, he roa te ora o te mahi. 3. He whānui te whakamahinga, kāore e taea te whakamahi i roto i ngā paparanga pakaru, pakaru me te hinga anake, engari i roto hoki i ngā paparanga toka pakaru paru me ngā paparanga toka tairongo-wai. Ka taea e ia te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tiaki pakitara o ngā hanganga toka rerekē.
4. He māmā noa te whakarite, kāore e hiahiatia he whakamahana, he whakamakuku rānei i mua, whakaranua noa ngā parai e rua, ā, whakaohokia kia pai. 5. Ko tēnei momo paru ārai-heke, ehara i te mea he mahi ārai-heke anake tāna, engari he mahi ārai-heke anō hoki tāna.
2. Te whakarite i te paru ā-totoka iti-whakakotahi ā-wai A: polyacrylamide (PAM)─potassium chloride (KCl) paru ā-totoka iti-whakakotahi ā-wai 1. Bentonite 20%. 2. Pungarehu houra (Na2CO3) 0.5%. 3. Sodium carboxypotassium cellulose (Na-CMC) 0.4%. 4. Polyacrylamide (ko te taumaha ngota PAM he 12 miriona waeine) 0.1%. 5. Potassium chloride (KCl) 1%. Wai B: Potassium humate (KHm) paru ā-totoka iti-āhuatanga ā-wai
1. Bentonite 3%. 2. Pungarehu houra (Na2CO3) 0.5%. 3. Humate pāhare pākawa (KHm) 2.0% ki te 3.0%. 4. Polyacrylamide (ko te taumaha ngota PAM he 12 miriona waeine) 0.1%. I te whakamahinga, whakaranua te wai A kua oti te whakarite me te wai B i te ōwehenga rōrahi 1:1 ka whakaohokia kia pai.
3. Tātari Tikanga o te Parenga Pakitara Paru Ārai-Paheketanga o ngā Mea Totoka Iti
Ko te Wai A he paru polyacrylamide (PAM)-potassium chloride (KCl) totoka-iti te ātete-i-te-toi, he paru kounga teitei me te mahi ātete-i-te-toi pai. Mā te pānga whakakotahi o te PAM me te KCl ka taea te aukati i te whānui o te wai o ngā hanganga tairongo-wai, ā, he tino pai te pānga tiaki i te keri ki roto i ngā hanganga tairongo-wai. Ka whai hua te aukati i te whānui o te wai o tēnei momo hanganga toka i te wā tuatahi ka kitea te hanganga tairongo-wai, ā, ka ārai i te hinga o te pakitara poka.
Ko te Wai B he paru ārai-totoka iti te pāhare pākawa (KHm), he paru kounga teitei me te mahi ārai-totoka pai. He kaihoko maimoatanga paru kounga teitei te KHm, ā, ko āna mahi he whakaiti i te ngaronga wai, he whakawaiwai me te marara, he ārai i te hinga o te pakitara poka, me te whakaiti me te ārai i te tauine paru i roto i ngā taputapu keri.
Tuatahi, i te wā e rere ana te paru ārai-hinga totoka iti o te pāhare pākawa (KHm) i roto i te kōhao, mā te hurihanga tere o te paipa keri i roto i te kōhao, ka taea e te pāhare pākawa me te uku i roto i te paru te mimiti ki roto i te toka pakaru me te papatahi i raro i te kaha o te tohanga. Ko ngā papa toka pakaru me te papatahi he mahi whakapiri me te whakapakari, ā, ka ārai i te makuku kia kaua e tomo me te rumaki i te pakitara kōhao i te tuatahi. Tuarua, ki ngā wāhi he āputa me ngā poka i roto i te pakitara kōhao, ka whakakīia te uku me te KHm i roto i te paru ki roto i ngā āputa me ngā poka i raro i te kaha o te tohanga, kātahi ka whakapakaritia, ka whakatikatikaina te pakitara kōhao. Hei whakamutunga, ka rere te paru ārai-hinga totoka iti o te pāhare pākawa (KHm) i roto i te kōhao mō tētahi wā, ā, ka taea te hanga i tētahi kiri paru angiangi, pakari, matotoru, me te maeneene i runga i te pakitara kōhao, ka ārai anō i te mimiti me te memeha o te wai i runga i te pakitara kōhao, ā, i te wā kotahi ka mahi i te mahi whakapakari i te pakitara kōhao. Ko te kiri paru maeneene he whakaiti i te tōia o te wiri, ā, ka ārai i te kino ā-mīhini ki te pakitara o te kōhao i puta mai i te wiri o te taputapu keri nā te ātete nui rawa.
Ina whakaranua te wai A me te wai B ki roto i te pūnaha paru kotahi i te ōwehenga rōrahi 1:1, ka taea e te wai A te aukati i te whānui o te makuku o te hanganga toka "paru paru pakaru" i te wā tuatahi, ā, ka taea te whakamahi i te wai B i te wā tuatahi. He mahi tāna ki te tātari me te whakapiri i ngā hanganga toka "koretake me te pakaru". I te roa o te wā e rere ana te wai whakauru i roto i te poka, ka āta hanga e te wai B he kiri paru i roto i te wāhanga poka katoa, ā, mā te āta mahi i te mahi matua o te tiaki i te pakitara me te ārai i te hinga.
Pāhare pākawa waro + paru CMC
1. Te hanganga paru (1), te bentonite 5% ki te 7.5%. (2), te pungarehu houra (Na2CO3) 3% ki te 5% o te nui o te oneone. (3) te pāhare pākawa 0.15% ki te 0.25%. (4), te CMC 0.3% ki te 0.6%.
2. Te mahi paru (1), te matotoru o te hāpara 22-24. (2), ko te ngaronga wai he 8-12. (3), te taumaha motuhake 1.15 ~ 1.2. (4), te uara pH 9-10.
Paru Ārai Whānui
1. Te hanganga paru (1), 5% ki te 10% bentonite. (2), Te pungarehu houra (Na2CO3) 4% ki te 6% o te nui o te oneone. (3) 0.3% ki te 0.6% te matū tiaki whānui.
2. Te mahi paru (1), te matotoru o te hāpara 22-26. (2) Ko te ngaronga wai he 10-15. (3), te taumaha motuhake 1.15 ~ 1.25. (4), te uara pH 9-10.
paru mono
1. Te hanganga paru (1), te bentonite 5% ki te 7.5%. (2), te pungarehu houra (Na2CO3) 3% ki te 5% o te nui o te oneone. (3), te matū whakakī 0.3% ki te 0.7%.
2. Te mahi paru (1), te matotoru o te hāpara 20-22. (2) Ko te ngaronga wai he 10-15. (3) Ko te taumaha motuhake he 1.15-1.20. 4. Ko te uara pH he 9-10.
Wā tuku: Hanuere-16-2023