Yiziphi izakhiwo ze-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-cellulose alkyl ether, kanye ne-cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether?

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose:

I-Ionici-cellulose etherKwenziwe ngemicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ngemva kokwelashwa nge-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, futhi kwenziwa uchungechunge lwezindlela zokwelapha zokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4 ~ 1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yizinga lokushintsha.

(1) I-carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic kakhulu, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi uma igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

(2) Isixazululo samanzi se-carboxymethyl cellulose asikhiqizi ijeli, futhi i-viscosity iyancipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.

(3) Ukuqina kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yi-PH. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum, kodwa hhayi ku-mortar esekelwe kusimende. Uma ine-alkaline kakhulu, izolahlekelwa yi-viscosity.

(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokulibazisa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum futhi inciphisa amandla ayo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-carboxymethyl cellulose iphansi kakhulu kuneye-methyl cellulose.

I-cellulose alkyl ether:

Ezimele yi-methyl cellulose kanye ne-ethyl cellulose. Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, i-methyl chloride noma i-ethyl chloride ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-etherification agent, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:

Kule fomula, i-R imele i-CH3 noma i-C2H5. Ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether, kodwa futhi kuthinta nokusetshenziswa kwama-alkyl halides. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kuphansi, kulapho i-hydrolysis ye-alkyl halide iqina khona. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-etherifying agent, ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kumele kwandiswe. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kuphezulu kakhulu, umphumela wokuvuvukala kwe-cellulose uyancishiswa, okungavumeli ukusabela kwe-etherification, futhi izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether liyancishiswa. Ngale njongo, i-lye egxilile noma i-lye eqinile ingangezwa ngesikhathi sokusabela. I-reactor kufanele ibe nedivayisi enhle yokuxubha nokuklebhula ukuze i-alkali isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo.

I-Methyl cellulose isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-thickener, i-adhesive kanye ne-protective colloid njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-dispersant ye-emulsion polymerization, i-bonding dispersant yembewu, i-slurry yendwangu, i-additive yokudla nezimonyo, i-medical adhesive, i-drug coating material, kanye ne-latex paint, i-printing inkino, i-ceramic production, futhi ixutshwe ne-samente. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula isikhathi sokusetha nokwandisa amandla okuqala, njll.

Imikhiqizo ye-ethyl cellulose inamandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nokubanda. I-ethyl cellulose efakwe esikhundleni esincane iyancibilika emanzini futhi incibilikisa izixazululo ze-alkaline, kanti imikhiqizo efakwe esikhundleni esiphezulu iyancibilika ezinyibilikisweni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Ihambisana kahle nama-resin ahlukahlukene kanye nama-plasticizer. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amapulasitiki, amafilimu, ama-varnish, ama-adhesive, i-latex nezinto zokumboza zemithi, njll.

Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxyalkyl kuma-cellulose alkyl ethers kungathuthukisa ukuncibilika kwawo, kunciphise ukuzwela kwawo ekukhishweni kukasawoti, kwandise izinga lokushisa le-gelation futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zokuncibilika okushisayo, njll. Izinga lokushintsha kwezakhiwo ezingenhla liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo kanye nesilinganiso samaqembu e-alkyl nama-hydroxyalkyl.

I-Cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether：

Ama-ejenti amele yi-hydroxyethyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ama-ejenti aqeda uketshezi yi-epoxides efana ne-ethylene oxide kanye ne-propylene oxide. Sebenzisa i-acid noma isisekelo njenge-catalyst. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kuhilela ukusabela ku-alkali cellulose nge-etherification agent: i-hydroxyethyl cellulose enenani eliphezulu lokufaka esikhundleni iyancibilika kokubili emanzini abandayo kanye namanzi ashisayo. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enenani eliphezulu lokufaka esikhundleni iyancibilika kuphela emanzini abandayo kodwa hhayi emanzini ashisayo. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sokuqina kwe-latex coatings, ukuphrinta kwendwangu kanye nama-paste okudaya, izinto zokulinganisa amaphepha, izinamathiselo kanye nama-colloids avikelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose kufana nokwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enenani eliphansi lokufaka esikhundleni ingasetshenziswa njengesithako semithi, esingaba nezakhiwo zokubopha kanye nokuqhekeka.

I-Carboxymethylcellulose, efingqiwe njengeI-CMC, ngokuvamile ikhona ngesimo sikasawoti we-sodium. I-ejenti eqeda ukuvuvukala yi-monochloroacetic acid, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose iyi-ether ye-cellulose encibilika emanzini esetshenziswa kakhulu. Esikhathini esidlule, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengodaka lokubhoboza, kodwa manje isinwetshiwe ukuze isetshenziswe njengesithako sensipho, udaka lwezingubo, upende we-latex, upende wekhadibhodi nephepha, njll. I-carboxymethyl cellulose emsulwa ingasetshenziswa ekudleni, emithini, ezimonyweni, kanye nanjengesinamathelisi sezinto zobumba kanye nezikhunta.

I-polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iyi-ionici-cellulose etherfuthi ingumkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu wokufaka esikhundleni se-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Iwuphawuda noma i-granule emhlophe, engemhlophe noma ephuzi kancane, ayinabo ubuthi, ayinambitheki, incibilika kalula emanzini, yakha isisombululo esibonakalayo esine-viscosity ethile, inokuqina okungcono kokumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nosawoti, kanye nezakhiwo ezinamandla zokulwa namagciwane. Ayinawo umuhlwa kanye nokuwohloka. Inezici zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokufaka esikhundleni, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-binder, thickener, rheology modifier, fluid loss reducer, suspension stabilizer, njll. I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni lapho i-CMC ingasetshenziswa khona, okunganciphisa kakhulu umthamo, kube lula ukusetshenziswa, kuhlinzeke ngokuqina okungcono futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo ephezulu.

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ingumkhiqizo wokusabela kwe-cellulose ne-acrylonitrile ngaphansi kwe-catalysis ye-alkali:

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ine-dielectric coefficient ephezulu kanye ne-low loss coefficient futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-resin matrix yezibani ze-phosphor kanye ne-electroluminescent. I-cyanoethyl cellulose efakwe endaweni ephansi ingasetshenziswa njengephepha lokuvikela ama-transformer.

Kuye kwalungiswa ama-ethers ane-alcohol amaningi, ama-alkenyl ethers, kanye nama-ethers ane-alcohol anuka kamnandi e-cellulose, kodwa awazange asetshenziswe ngokoqobo.

Izindlela zokulungiselela i-cellulose ether zingahlukaniswa zibe indlela ephakathi kwamanzi, indlela yokuxazulula inkinga, indlela yokuxova, indlela yokuxuba, indlela yokuxuba igesi, indlela yesigaba soketshezi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezingenhla.