Carboxymethyl cellulose：
Ionicte etera cellulosehe mea hanga mai i ngā muka taiao (miro, me ētahi atu) i muri i te maimoatanga kawakore, te whakamahi i te konutai monochloroacetate hei kaihoko etherification, me te whai i tētahi raupapa maimoatanga tauhohenga. Ko te nui o te whakakapinga he 0.4~1.4, ā, he nui te pānga o tōna mahi ki te nui o te whakakapinga.
(1) He waiora ake te Carboxymethyl cellulose, ā, ka nui ake te wai kei roto ina rongoatia i raro i ngā āhuatanga whānui.
(2) Kāore te wairewa wai o te carboxymethyl cellulose e whakaputa i te kirikiri, ā, ka heke te matotoru i te pikinga o te pāmahana. Ina neke atu te pāmahana i te 50°C, kāore e taea te whakakore i te matotoru.
(3) He nui te pānga o te PH ki tōna pumau. I te nuinga o te wā, ka taea te whakamahi i roto i te moata gypsum, engari kāore i roto i te moata sima. Ina tino kawakore, ka ngaro te matotoru.
(4) He iti ake tōna pupuri wai i tērā o te methyl cellulose. He pānga whakaroa tōna ki te moata gypsum, ā, ka whakaiti i tōna kaha. Heoi, he iti ake te utu o te carboxymethyl cellulose i tērā o te methyl cellulose.
Te āriki cellulose ether:
Ko ngā mea e tohu ana ko te methyl cellulose me te ethyl cellulose. I roto i te whakaputanga ahumahi, ka whakamahia te methyl chloride, te ethyl chloride rānei hei kaihoko etherification, ā, ko te tauhohenga penei:
I roto i te tātai, ko te R e tohu ana i te CH3, i te C2H5 rānei. Ehara i te mea ko te nui o te etherification anake te pānga o te kukū alkali, engari ko te whakamahinga o ngā alkyl halides anō hoki. Ko te iti o te kukū alkali, ko te kaha ake o te hydrolysis o te alkyl halide. Hei whakaiti i te whakamahinga o te etherifying agent, me whakanui ake te kukū alkali. Heoi, ina teitei rawa te kukū alkali, ka whakaitihia te pānga pupuhi o te cellulose, kāore e pai mō te tauhohenga etherification, ā, nō reira ka whakaitihia te nui o te etherification. Mō tēnei kaupapa, ka taea te tāpiri i te lye kukū, te lye totoka rānei i te wā o te tauhohenga. Me whai taputapu whakaoho me te haehae pai te tauhohenga kia taea ai te tohatoha ōrite i te alkali.
E whakamahia whānuitia ana te methyl cellulose hei whakamātotoru, hei piri me te colloid tiaki, me ētahi atu. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei whakamarara mō te polymerization emulsion, hei whakamarara hononga mō ngā purapura, hei paru kakahu, hei tāpiri mō te kai me ngā mea whakapaipai, hei piri hauora, hei rauemi paninga rongoā, hei peita rapa, hei waituhi tā, hei hanga uku, hei whakaranu ki te sima. Ka whakamahia hei whakahaere i te wā whakatakoto me te whakanui ake i te kaha tīmatanga, me ētahi atu.
He kaha ā-ringa, he ngāwari, he ātete ki te wera me te makariri ngā hua ethyl cellulose. Ka wairewa te ethyl cellulose iti-whakakapinga ki te wai me ngā otinga kawakore waimeha, ā, ka wairewa ngā hua nui-whakakapinga ki te nuinga o ngā whakarewa waro. He pai te hototahitanga ki ngā momo kapia me ngā mea hanga kirihou. Ka taea te whakamahi hei hanga kirihou, kiriata, wanihi, piripiri, rapa me ngā rauemi paninga mō ngā rongoā, me ētahi atu.
Mā te whakaurunga o ngā rōpū hydroxyalkyl ki roto i ngā cellulose alkyl ethers ka taea te whakapai ake i tōna wairewatanga, te whakaiti i tōna aro ki te tote, te whakanui ake i te pāmahana gelation me te whakapai ake i ngā āhuatanga rewa wera, me ētahi atu. Ka rerekē te nui o te huringa o ngā āhuatanga o runga ake nei i runga i te āhua o ngā whakakapinga me te ōwehenga o te alkyl ki ngā rōpū hydroxyalkyl.
Te hauota hydroxyalkyl ether
Ko ngā mea e tohu ana ko te hydroxyethyl cellulose me te hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ko ngā kaihoko etherifying ko ngā epoxides pērā i te ethylene oxide me te propylene oxide. Whakamahia te waikawa, te turanga rānei hei whakakorikori. Ko te mahi ahumahi he tauhohe i te cellulose alkali ki te kaihoko etherification: ka wairewa te hydroxyethyl cellulose me te uara whakakapinga teitei ki te wai matao me te wai wera. Ko te hydroxypropyl cellulose me te uara whakakapinga teitei ka wairewa noa i te wai matao engari kāore i te wai wera. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hydroxyethyl cellulose hei whakamātotoru mō ngā paninga latex, ngā whakapiri tā me te tae kakahu, ngā rauemi rahi pepa, ngā piripiri me ngā colloids tiaki. He rite te whakamahinga o te hydroxypropyl cellulose ki te hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ka taea te whakamahi i te hydroxypropyl cellulose me te uara whakakapinga iti hei tāpiri rongoā, ka taea te here me te memeha.
Carboxymethylcellulose, whakarāpopototia koCMC, i te nuinga o te wā kei roto i te āhua o te tote konutai. Ko te kaiāwhina whakaetere ko te waikawa monochloroacetic, ā, ko te tauhohenga penei:
Ko te carboxymethyl cellulose te cellulose ether wairewa-wai e whakamahia whānuitia ana. I mua, i whakamahia whānuitia hei paru keri, engari ināianei kua whānuitia hei tāpiringa mō te hopi horoi, te paru kakahu, te peita rapa, te paninga o te kātene me te pepa, me ētahi atu. Ka taea te whakamahi i te carboxymethyl cellulose parakore ki te kai, ki te rongoā, ki ngā mea whakapaipai, tae atu ki te piri mō ngā uku me ngā pokepokea ai.
He matū ionic te polyanionic cellulose (PAC)te etera celluloseā, he hua whakakapinga utu nui mō te carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). He paura, he kirikiri rānei, he mā, he kōwhai paku rānei, kāore he paitini, kāore he reka, he ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai, ka hanga he otinga mārama me te matotoru, he pai ake te ātete ki te wera me te ātete ki te tote, ā, he kaha ngā āhuatanga patu huakita. Kāore he harore, he pirau rānei. He āhuatanga parakore teitei, he nui te whakakapinga, me te tohatoha ōrite o ngā whakakapinga. Ka taea te whakamahi hei here, hei whakamātotoru, hei whakarerekē rheology, hei whakaiti i te ngaronga wai, hei whakaū i te whakatārewatanga, me ētahi atu. He whānui te whakamahinga o te polyanionic cellulose (PAC) i roto i ngā ahumahi katoa ka taea te whakamahi i te CMC, ka taea te whakaiti i te horopeta, te whakahaere i te whakamahinga, te whakarato i te pumau pai ake me te whakatutuki i ngā whakaritenga tukanga teitei ake.
Ko te cyanoethyl cellulose te hua tauhohenga o te cellulose me te acrylonitrile i raro i te whakaterenga o te kawakore:
He teitei te pūmau dielectric o te cyanoethyl cellulose, ā, he iti te tauwehenga mate, ā, ka taea te whakamahi hei matrix resin mō ngā rama phosphor me ngā rama electroluminescent. Ka taea te whakamahi i te cyanoethyl cellulose iti-whakakapinga hei pepa whakamahana mō ngā transformers.
Kua whakaritea ngā etera waipiro ngako teitei, ngā etera alkenyl, me ngā etera waipiro kakara o te cellulose, engari kāore anō kia whakamahia i roto i te mahi.
Ka taea te wehewehe i ngā tikanga whakarite mō te cellulose ether ki te tikanga wai, te tikanga whakarewa, te tikanga pokepoke, te tikanga parai, te tikanga hau-totoka, te tikanga wāhanga wai me te whakakotahitanga o ngā tikanga o runga ake nei.
Wā tuku: 28 Paenga-whāwhā 2024