Zithini iimpawu ze-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-cellulose alkyl ether, kunye ne-cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether?

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose:

Ionici-cellulose etheryenziwe ngeefayibha zendalo (ikotoni, njl.njl.) emva konyango lwe-alkali, kusetyenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, kwaye ifumana uthotho lweendlela zonyango. Ubungakanani bokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-0.4 ~ 1.4, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu bubungakanani bokutshintshwa.

(1) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic ngakumbi, kwaye iya kuba namanzi amaninzi xa igcinwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

(2) Isisombululo samanzi seCarboxymethyl cellulose asivelisi ijeli, kwaye i-viscosity iyancipha xa ubushushu bunyuka. Xa ubushushu budlula i-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.

(3) Uzinzo lwayo luchaphazeleka kakhulu yi-PH. Ngokubanzi, ingasetyenziswa kwi-motar esekelwe kwi-gypsum, kodwa kungekhona kwi-motar esekelwe kwisamente. Xa ine-alkaline eninzi, iya kulahlekelwa yi-viscosity.

(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphantsi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inefuthe lokulibazisa kwi-motar esekwe kwi-gypsum kwaye inciphisa amandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-carboxymethyl cellulose liphantsi kakhulu kunele-methyl cellulose.

I-cellulose alkyl ether:

Ezo zimelayo yi-methyl cellulose kunye ne-ethyl cellulose. Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, i-methyl chloride okanye i-ethyl chloride isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-etherification agent, kwaye impendulo yile ilandelayo:

Kwifomyula, i-R imele i-CH3 okanye i-C2H5. Uxinzelelo lwe-alkali aluchaphazeli nje kuphela inqanaba le-etherification, kodwa luchaphazela nokusetyenziswa kwe-alkyl halides. Okukhona uxinano lwe-alkali luphantsi, kokukhona i-hydrolysis ye-alkyl halide iqina. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-etherifying agent, uxinano lwe-alkali kufuneka lunyuswe. Nangona kunjalo, xa uxinano lwe-alkali luphezulu kakhulu, isiphumo sokudumba kwe-cellulose siyancitshiswa, nto leyo engayi kuncedayo kwi-etherification reaction, kwaye ke ngoko inqanaba le-etherification liyancitshiswa. Ngenxa yesi sizathu, i-lye egxininisiweyo okanye i-solid lye inokongezwa ngexesha le-reaction. I-reactor kufuneka ibe nesixhobo esihle sokuxubha nokukrazula ukuze i-alkali isasazwe ngokulinganayo.

I-Methyl cellulose isetyenziswa kakhulu njengesithambisi, isincamathelisi kunye ne-colloid ekhuselayo njl. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-dispersant ye-emulsion polymerization, i-bonding dispersant yembewu, i-slurry yelaphu, isongezo sokutya kunye nezinto zokuthambisa, i-adhesive yezonyango, izinto zokugquma amayeza, kunye nepeyinti ye-latex, i-inki yokuprinta, imveliso ye-ceramic, kwaye ixutywe kwisamente. Isetyenziselwa ukulawula ixesha lokuseta kunye nokwandisa amandla okuqala, njl.

Iimveliso ze-ethyl cellulose zinamandla aphezulu oomatshini, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokubanda. I-ethyl cellulose engathathi cala iyanyibilika emanzini kwaye inyibilikisa izisombululo ze-alkaline, kwaye iimveliso ezithathelwe indawo ephezulu ziyanyibilika kwiintlambululi ezininzi ze-organic. Ihambelana kakuhle neeresini ezahlukeneyo kunye neeplastiki. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki, iifilimu, iivarnish, izincamathelisi, i-latex kunye nezinto zokugquma zamayeza, njl.njl.

Ukungeniswa kwamaqela e-hydroxyalkyl kwi-cellulose alkyl ethers kunokuphucula ukunyibilika kwayo, kunciphise ukuvakalelwa kwayo xa ityiwa, kunyuse ubushushu be-gelation kwaye kuphucule iimpawu zokunyibilika okushushu, njl. Ubungakanani botshintsho kwezi mpawu zingasentla buyahluka ngokwendalo yezinto ezithatha indawo kunye nomlinganiselo wamaqela e-alkyl kwi-hydroxyalkyl.

I-Cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether：

Ezo zimelayo yi-hydroxyethyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ii-etherifying agents zii-epoxides ezifana ne-ethylene oxide kunye ne-propylene oxide. Sebenzisa i-acid okanye isiseko njenge-catalyst. Imveliso yemizi-mveliso kukusabela kwi-alkali cellulose nge-etherification agent: i-hydroxyethyl cellulose enexabiso eliphezulu lokutshintshwa iyanyibilika emanzini abandayo nasemanzini ashushu. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enexabiso eliphezulu lokutshintshwa iyanyibilika kuphela emanzini abandayo kodwa hayi emanzini ashushu. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ingasetyenziselwa njengesithambisi se-latex coatings, i-textile printing kunye ne-dyeing pastes, izinto zokulinganisa amaphepha, ii-adhesives kunye ne-colloids ezikhuselayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose kufana noko kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enexabiso eliphantsi lokutshintshwa ingasetyenziselwa njengesithambisi samayeza, esinokuba neempawu zokubopha kunye nokuqhekeka.

I-Carboxymethylcellulose, efinyeziweyo njengeI-CMC, ngokubanzi ikhona ngohlobo lwetyuwa yesodiyam. I-etherifying agent yi-monochloroacetic acid, kwaye impendulo yile ilandelayo:

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose yeyona ether ye-cellulose enyibilikayo emanzini esetyenziswa kakhulu. Ngaphambili, yayisetyenziswa kakhulu njengodaka lokubhola, kodwa ngoku iye yandiswa ukuze isetyenziswe njengesongezelelo sesepha, uthuli lwempahla, ipeyinti yelatex, ukugqunywa kwekhadibhodi nephepha, njl. I-carboxymethyl cellulose ecocekileyo ingasetyenziswa ekutyeni, kumayeza, kwizinto zokuthambisa, kwaye ikwasetyenziswa njenge-glue kwi-ceramics nakwi-molds.

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) yi-ionici-cellulose etherkwaye yimveliso ekumgangatho ophezulu yokutshintsha i-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Yipowder okanye igranule emhlophe, engemhlophe okanye etyheli kancinci, ayinatyhefu, ayinancasa, inyibilika lula emanzini, yenza isisombululo esicacileyo esine-viscosity ethile, inokumelana okungcono nobushushu kunye nokumelana netyuwa, kunye neempawu ezinamandla zokulwa ne-antibacterial. Ayinawo umngundo kunye nokuwohloka. Ineempawu zobunyulu obuphezulu, inqanaba eliphezulu lokutshintsha, kunye nokusasazwa okufanayo kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-binder, i-thickener, i-rheology modifier, i-fluid loss reducer, i-suspension stabilizer, njl. I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) isetyenziswa kakhulu kuzo zonke iimboni apho i-CMC inokusetyenziswa khona, enokunciphisa kakhulu idosi, incede ukusetyenziswa, ibonelele ngozinzo olungcono kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno zenkqubo eziphezulu.

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose yimveliso yokusabela kwe-cellulose kunye ne-acrylonitrile phantsi kwe-catalysis ye-alkali:

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ine-dielectric constant ephezulu kunye ne-low loss coefficient kwaye ingasetyenziswa njenge-resin matrix yezibane ze-phosphor kunye ne-electroluminescent. I-cyanoethyl cellulose engaphantsi kwe-substituted ingasetyenziswa njengephepha lokukhusela ii-transformers.

Kuye kwalungiswa ii-ethers ze-alcohol ezinamafutha aphezulu, ii-alkenyl ethers, kunye nee-ethers ze-alcohol ezinuka kamnandi ze-cellulose, kodwa azikasetyenziswa ngokusebenzayo.

Iindlela zokulungiselela i-cellulose ether zingahlulwa zibe yindlela yokusebenzisa amanzi, indlela yokunyibilikisa, indlela yokuxova, indlela yokulunywa, indlela yegesi eqinileyo, indlela yesigaba solwelo kunye nokudibanisa ezi ndlela zingasentla.