Selulose ya karboksimetili:
Ioniceteri ya seluloseikorwa mu migozi karemano (ipamba, nibindi) nyuma yo kuvurwa na alkali, ikoresheje sodium monochloroacetate nk'umusemburo wa etherification, kandi ikorerwa ubuvuzi butandukanye. Igipimo cyo gusimbuza muri rusange ni 0.4 ~ 1.4, kandi imikorere yayo igirwaho ingaruka cyane n'urwego rwo gusimbuza.
(1) Selulosi ya karboksimetili irushaho kuba hygroscopic, kandi izaba irimo amazi menshi iyo ibitswe mu buryo busanzwe.
(2) Umuti w'amazi wa carboxymethyl cellulose ntukora gel, kandi ubushyuhe buragabanuka uko ubushyuhe bwiyongera. Iyo ubushyuhe burenze 50°C, ubushyuhe buragabanuka.
(3) Gukomera kwayo bigirwaho ingaruka cyane na PH. Muri rusange, ishobora gukoreshwa muri morti ishingiye kuri gypsum, ariko ntikoreshwa muri morti ishingiye kuri sima. Iyo irimo alkaline nyinshi, itakaza ubukana.
(4) Amazi yayo ni make cyane ugereranyije n’aya selulosi ya methyl. Igira ingaruka mbi ku mashini ikoze muri gypsum kandi igabanya imbaraga zayo. Ariko, igiciro cya selulosi ya carboxymethyl kiri hasi cyane ugereranyije n’iya selulosi ya methyl.
Selilulosi alkyl ether:
Ibiranga ni methyl cellulose na ethyl cellulose. Mu nganda, methyl chloride cyangwa ethyl chloride ikoreshwa muri rusange nk'ikintu gitanga etherification, kandi igisubizo ni iki gikurikira:
Muri formula, R ihagarariye CH3 cyangwa C2H5. Igipimo cya alkali ntikigira ingaruka gusa ku rugero rwa etherification, ahubwo kinagira ingaruka ku ikoreshwa rya alkyl halides. Uko igipimo cya alkali kiba gito, niko hydrolysis ya alkyl halide ikomera. Kugira ngo bigabanye ikoreshwa rya etherifying agent, igipimo cya alkali kigomba kwiyongera. Ariko, iyo igipimo cya alkali kiri hejuru cyane, ingaruka zo kubyimba kwa cellulose ziragabanuka, ibyo bikaba bidafasha etherification reaction, bityo ingano ya etherification iragabanuka. Kubera iyo mpamvu, lye ikomeye cyangwa solid lye ishobora kongerwamo mu gihe cyo reaction. Reactor igomba kugira igikoresho cyiza cyo gukurura no gushwanyaguza kugira ngo alkali ishobore gukwirakwira neza.
Methyl cellulose ikoreshwa cyane nk'ikintu gikomeza ubushyuhe, gifatana n'ibindi. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gikwirakwiza ubushyuhe mu gupima imiterere y'ibimera, ikintu giteranya imbuto, ikintu giteranya imyenda, ikintu gikoreshwa mu biribwa no mu kwisiga, ikintu gitera ubushyuhe mu buvuzi, ikintu gitera ubushyuhe mu bimera, ndetse no mu irangi rya latex, wino icapa, ikorwa rya ceramic, kandi ikavangwa muri sima. Ikoreshwa mu kugenzura igihe cyo gushyiraho no kongera imbaraga z'ibanze, nibindi.
Ibicuruzwa bya ethyl cellulose bifite imbaraga nyinshi za mekanike, ubushobozi bwo koroha, ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe n'ubukonje. Ethyl cellulose idasimbuwe cyane irashongeshwa mu mazi kandi igatuma igabanya alkaline, kandi ibicuruzwa bisimbuwe cyane bishongeshwa mu bintu byinshi bya organic. Ikorana neza na resins zitandukanye na plasticizers. Ishobora gukoreshwa mu gukora plastiki, filime, varnish, kole, latex n'ibikoresho byo gusiga ku miti, nibindi.
Kwinjizwa kw'amatsinda ya hydroxyalkyl muri cellulose alkyl ethers bishobora kongera ubushobozi bwayo bwo gushonga, kugabanya ubushobozi bwayo bwo gukurura umunyu, kongera ubushyuhe bwo gukaraba no kunoza ubushobozi bwo gushonga bushyushye, nibindi. Impinduka mu miterere yavuzwe haruguru ziratandukanye bitewe n'imiterere y'ibintu bisimbura ibindi ndetse n'ikigereranyo cy'amatsinda ya alkyl na hydroxyalkyl.
Selilulosi hidroksiyaliki eteri：
Ibiranga ni hydroxyethyl cellulose na hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ibintu bitera etherifying ni epoxides nka ethylene oxide na propylene oxide. Koresha aside cyangwa base nk'umusemburo. Umusaruro w'inganda ugomba gukorana na alkali cellulose hamwe n'umusemburo wa etherification: hydroxyethyl cellulose ifite agaciro gakomeye irashonga mu mazi akonje no mu mazi ashyushye. Hydroxypropyl cellulose ifite agaciro gakomeye irashonga mu mazi akonje gusa ariko ntabwo ishonga mu mazi ashyushye. Hydroxyethyl cellulose ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umusemburo wo gukurura latex coatings, paste zo gucapa no gusiga amarangi mu myenda, ibikoresho byo gushushanya impapuro, kole na colloids zo kurinda. Ikoreshwa rya hydroxypropyl cellulose risa n'irya hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl cellulose ifite agaciro gake irashobora gukoreshwa nk'umusemburo w'imiti, ushobora kugira ubushobozi bwo gufatanya no gusenyuka.
Karuboksimetiliselise, mu magambo ahinnye nkaCMC, muri rusange iboneka mu buryo bwa sodium salt. Ingufu zituma umuntu ashyuha ni aside monochloroacetic, kandi ingaruka ni izi zikurikira:
Selulosi ya karboksimetili ni yo eteri ya selulosi ishongeshwa n'amazi ikoreshwa cyane. Mu bihe byashize, yakoreshwaga cyane nk'icyondo cyo gucukura, ariko ubu yarongerewe gukoreshwa nk'inyongera mu isabune, imyanda yo mu myenda, irangi rya latekisi, gusiga ikarito n'impapuro, nibindi. Selulosi ya karboksimetilili isanzwe ishobora gukoreshwa mu biribwa, mu buvuzi, mu kwisiga, ndetse no mu gufunga ibintu bya keramike n'ibibumbano.
Selulose ya Polyanionic (PAC) ni ioniceteri ya selulosekandi ni ikintu cyoroshye gusimbura carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ni ifu y'umweru, yera cyane cyangwa umuhondo muto, ntabwo ari uburozi, ntiryoha, yoroshye gushonga mu mazi, ikora umuti ubonerana ufite ubushyuhe runaka, ifite ubushobozi bwo kwihanganira ubushyuhe no kurwanya umunyu, kandi ifite ubushobozi bukomeye bwo kurwanya bagiteri. Nta mildew cyangwa kwangirika. Ifite imiterere yo gutunganywa cyane, ifite urwego rwo hejuru rwo gusimbuza, kandi ikwirakwira kimwe mu bintu bisimbura. Ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umuti ufunga, ugabanya ubushyuhe, uhindura rheology, ugabanya ubushyuhe, utuma amazi atakaza, nibindi. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ikoreshwa cyane mu nganda zose aho CMC ishobora gukoreshwa, ishobora kugabanya cyane ingano, yoroshya ikoreshwa, igatanga ubuziranenge bwiza kandi ihuye n'ibisabwa mu buryo bwo hejuru.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ni umusaruro w'ibikomoka kuri cellulose na acrylonitrile munsi ya catalysis ya alkali:
Celulose ya Cyanoethyl ifite coefficient ya dielectric ihoraho cyane kandi itakaza bike, kandi ishobora gukoreshwa nk'umusemburo wa resin ku matara ya fosforasi na electroluminescent. Celulose ya Cyanoethyl ikoreshwa mu buryo budakomeye ishobora gukoreshwa nk'impapuro zirinda ubushyuhe ku byuma bihindura amashanyarazi.
Hari hateguwe eteri nyinshi z'alcool zirimo ibinure byinshi, eteri za alkenyl, na eteri za cellulose zirimo aromatic alcohol, ariko ntizakoreshejwe mu bikorwa.
Uburyo bwo gutegura eteri ya selulosi bushobora kugabanywamo uburyo bwo gukoresha amazi, uburyo bwo gushonga, uburyo bwo gukaranga, uburyo bwo gusya, uburyo bwo gukoresha gazi, uburyo bwo gukoresha imashini mu gice cy’amazi n’uburyo bwo guhuza uburyo bwavuzwe haruguru.
Igihe cyo kohereza: 28 Mata 2024