Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Ionicether ya celluloseAmapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, ndi zina zotero) pambuyo pochiza alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate ngati etherification, ndipo amachiritsidwa mosiyanasiyana. Mlingo wa kusintha nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose ndi yopyapyala kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ikasungidwa bwino.
(2) Madzi a Carboxymethyl cellulose sapanga gel, ndipo kukhuthala kumachepa kutentha kukakwera. Kutentha kukapitirira 50°C, kukhuthala sikungasinthe.
(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi PH. Nthawi zambiri, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu matope opangidwa ndi gypsum, koma osati mu matope opangidwa ndi simenti. Ikakhala yamchere kwambiri, imataya kukhuthala.
(4) Kusunga kwake madzi ndi kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kumachedwetsa ntchito ya matope okhala ndi gypsum ndipo kumachepetsa mphamvu yake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
Cellulose alkyl ether：
Oyimira ndi methyl cellulose ndi ethyl cellulose. Pakupanga mafakitale, methyl chloride kapena ethyl chloride nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherification agent, ndipo izi zimachitika motere:
Mu fomula, R imayimira CH3 kapena C2H5. Kuchuluka kwa alkali sikumangokhudza kuchuluka kwa etherification, komanso kumakhudzanso kumwa kwa alkyl halides. Kuchuluka kwa alkali kukachepa, hydrolysis ya alkyl halide imakhala yolimba. Pofuna kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera etherifying, kuchuluka kwa alkali kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwa alkali kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu ya kutupa kwa cellulose imachepa, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi etherification reaction, ndipo kuchuluka kwa etherification kumachepa. Pachifukwa ichi, lye yokhazikika kapena solid lye ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawi ya reaction. Reactor iyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chabwino chosakaniza ndi kung'amba kuti alkali igawidwe mofanana.
Methyl cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chokhuthala, chomatira ndi choteteza colloid ndi zina zotero. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chothira polima emulsion, chothira pomatira mbewu, chothira nsalu, chowonjezera pa chakudya ndi zodzoladzola, chomatira chachipatala, chophikira mankhwala, komanso utoto wa latex, inki yosindikizira, kupanga ceramic, ndikusakaniza mu simenti. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera nthawi yoyika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yoyambira, ndi zina zotero.
Zinthu zopangidwa ndi ethyl cellulose zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha komanso kukana kuzizira. Ethyl cellulose yosinthidwa pang'ono imasungunuka m'madzi ndipo imachepetsa alkaline, ndipo zinthu zopangidwa m'malo mwake zimasungunuka m'zinthu zambiri zachilengedwe. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma resin ndi ma plasticizer osiyanasiyana. Zingagwiritsidwe ntchito popanga mapulasitiki, mafilimu, ma varnish, zomatira, latex ndi zinthu zokutira mankhwala, ndi zina zotero.
Kuyika magulu a hydroxyalkyl mu cellulose alkyl ethers kungathandize kusungunula kwake, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwake ndi mchere, kuonjezera kutentha kwa gelation ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zosungunuka zotentha, ndi zina zotero. Mlingo wa kusintha kwa makhalidwe omwe ali pamwambapa umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwake komanso chiŵerengero cha magulu a alkyl ndi hydroxyalkyl.
Cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether：
Oyimira ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose. Zinthu zoyeretsera ndi ma epoxide monga ethylene oxide ndi propylene oxide. Gwiritsani ntchito asidi kapena maziko ngati chothandizira. Kupanga mafakitale kumafuna kuchitapo kanthu ndi alkali cellulose ndi etherification agent: hydroxyethyl cellulose yokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wosinthira imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira komanso m'madzi otentha. Hydroxypropyl cellulose yokhala ndi mtengo wapamwamba wosinthira imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira okha koma osati m'madzi otentha. Hydroxyethyl cellulose ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chokhuthala cha zokutira za latex, zosindikizira ndi utoto wa nsalu, zinthu zopangira mapepala, zomatira ndi ma colloids oteteza. Kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxypropyl cellulose kuli kofanana ndi kwa hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl cellulose yokhala ndi mtengo wotsika wosinthira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera chamankhwala, chomwe chingakhale ndi mphamvu zomangirira komanso zosweka.
Carboxymethylcellulose, chidule chake ndiCMC, nthawi zambiri imapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mchere wa sodium. Chothandizira kutentha ndi monochloroacetic acid, ndipo izi zimachitika motere:
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndi ether yosungunuka m'madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati matope obowola, koma tsopano yawonjezeredwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha sopo, matope opaka zovala, utoto wa latex, utoto wa makatoni ndi pepala, ndi zina zotero. Carboxymethyl cellulose yoyera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, komanso ngati chomatira cha ziwiya zadothi ndi nkhungu.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ndi ionic cellulose.ether ya cellulosendipo ndi chinthu cholowa m'malo mwa carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ndi ufa woyera, woyera pang'ono kapena wachikasu pang'ono, wopanda poizoni, wopanda kukoma, wosungunuka mosavuta m'madzi, wopanga yankho lowonekera bwino ndi kukhuthala kwina, ali ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha komanso kukana mchere, komanso ali ndi mphamvu zolimba zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya. Alibe mildew ndi kuwonongeka. Ali ndi makhalidwe a kuyera kwambiri, kusintha kwakukulu, komanso kugawa mofanana kwa zinthu zina. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira, chothina, chosinthira rheology, chochepetsa kutayika kwa madzi, chokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale onse komwe CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zingachepetse kwambiri mlingo, kupangitsa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito mosavuta, kupereka kukhazikika bwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba pa ntchito.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku cellulose ndi acrylonitrile pansi pa catalysis ya alkali:
Cyanoethyl cellulose ili ndi dielectric coefficient yokhazikika komanso yotsika mtengo ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati resin matrix ya phosphor ndi nyali za electroluminescent. Cyanoethyl cellulose yocheperako ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pepala loteteza ma transformers.
Ma ethers okhala ndi mafuta ambiri, ma alkenyl ethers, ndi ma ethers okhala ndi mafuta ambiri a cellulose akonzedwa, koma sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwenikweni.
Njira zokonzekera ether ya cellulose zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira yopangira madzi, njira yosungunulira, njira yokanda, njira yothira madzi, njira yothira mpweya, njira ya gawo lamadzimadzi ndi kuphatikiza kwa njira zomwe zili pamwambapa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2024