Yiziphi izakhiwo ze-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-cellulose alkyl ether, ne-cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether?

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose:

Ionici-cellulose etheryenziwe ngemicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ngemva kokwelashwa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, futhi yenze uchungechunge lwemithi yokwelapha. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4~1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwakho kuthintwa kakhulu izinga lokushintsha.

(1) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose ine-hygroscopic, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi uma igcinwe ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.

(2) Isixazululo samanzi se-Carboxymethyl cellulose asikhiqizi ijeli, futhi i-viscosity iyancipha ngokunyuka kwezinga lokushisa. Lapho izinga lokushisa lidlula ku-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakubuyela emuva.

(3) Ukuzinza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yi-PH. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa odakeni olusekelwe ku-gypsum, kodwa hhayi odakeni olusekelwe kusimende. Uma kune-alkaline kakhulu, izolahlekelwa yi-viscosity.

(4) Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokuhlehlisa odakeni olususelwa ku-gypsum futhi inciphisa amandla ayo. Nokho, intengo ye-carboxymethyl cellulose iphansi kakhulu kunaleyo ye-methyl cellulose.

I-cellulose alkyl ether:

Abamele i-methyl cellulose ne-ethyl cellulose. Emkhiqizweni wezimboni, i-methyl chloride noma i-ethyl chloride ivame ukusetshenziswa njenge-etherification agent, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:

Kufomula, u-R umele i-CH3 noma i-C2H5. Ukugxila kwe-alkali akuthinti kuphela izinga le-etherification, kodwa futhi kuthinta ukusetshenziswa kwe-alkyl halides. Ukuncipha kokuhlushwa kwe-alkali, kuqina i-hydrolysis ye-alkyl halide. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-etherifying ejenti, ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kufanele kwandiswe. Kodwa-ke, uma ukugxiliswa kwe-alkali kuphezulu kakhulu, umphumela wokuvuvukala we-cellulose uyancishiswa, ongahambisani nokusabela kwe-etherification, futhi izinga le-etherification liyancishiswa. Ngale njongo, i-lye egxilile noma i-lye eqinile ingangezwa ngesikhathi sokuphendula. I-reactor kufanele ibe nesisetshenziswa esihle sokunyakazisa nokuklebhula ukuze i-alkali isabalaliswe ngokulinganayo.

I-Methyl cellulose isetshenziswa kabanzi njenge-thickener, i-adhesive kanye ne-colloid evikelayo njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njenge-disperant ye-emulsion polymerization, i-bonding dispersant yembewu, i-textile slurry, isithasiselo sokudla nezimonyo, i-adhesive yezokwelapha, izinto zokumboza izidakamizwa, kanye nopende we-latex, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ceramic, ukunyathelisa nokwandisa ink amandla okuqala, njll.

Imikhiqizo ye-Ethyl cellulose inamandla amakhulu emishini, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokushisa nokumelana nokubanda. I-ethyl cellulose efakwe endaweni ephansi iyancibilika emanzini futhi ixube izixazululo ze-alkaline, futhi imikhiqizo efakwe endaweni ephezulu iyancibilika kuzincibilikisi eziningi eziphilayo. Inokuhambisana okuhle nama-resin ahlukahlukene kanye nama-plasticizers. Ingasetshenziselwa ukwenza amapulasitiki, amafilimu, ama-varnishes, ama-adhesives, i-latex nezinto zokugqoka zezidakamizwa, njll.

Ukwethulwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxyalkyl ku-cellulose alkyl ethers kungathuthukisa ukunyibilika kwayo, kunciphise ukuzwela kwayo ekukhipheni usawoti ngaphandle, kukhuphule izinga lokushisa kwe-gelation futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo ezincibilikayo ezishisayo, njll. Izinga lokushintsha kwezici ezingenhla liyahlukahluka ngesimo sezinto ezibambele kanye nesilinganiso se-alkyl kuya kumaqembu e-hydroxyalkyl.

I-Cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether:

Abamele i-hydroxyethyl cellulose ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ama-etherifying agents angama-epoxides afana ne-ethylene oxide ne-propylene oxide. Sebenzisa i-asidi noma isisekelo njenge-catalyst. Ukukhiqizwa kwemboni ukusabela i-alkali cellulose ne-etherification agent: i-hydroxyethyl cellulose enevelu yokushintshanisa ephezulu inyibilika kokubili emanzini abandayo namanzi ashisayo. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enenani eliphezulu lokushintsha incibilika kuphela emanzini abandayo kodwa hhayi emanzini ashisayo. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ingasetshenziswa njenge-thickener yokugqoka i-latex, ukuphrinta kwendwangu nokunamathisela okudayayo, izinto zokulinganisa iphepha, izinto zokunamathisela kanye nama-colloid okuzivikela. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose kufana nokusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enenani eliphansi lokushintsha ingasetshenziswa njengesamukeli semithi, esingaba nakho kokubili okubophayo nokuhlakazekayo.

I-Carboxymethylcellulose, efushanisiwe ngokuthiI-CMC, ngokuvamile likhona ngesimo sikasawoti we-sodium. I-ejenti etherifying yi-monochloroacetic acid, futhi ukusabela imi kanje:

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose isetshenziswa kakhulu kunazo zonke i-cellulose ether encibilika emanzini. Esikhathini esidlule, yayisetshenziswa ngokuyinhloko njengodaka lokumba, kodwa manje iye yanwetshwa ukuze isetshenziswe njengesengezo se-detergent, i-slurry yezingubo, upende we-latex, ukugcoba amakhadibhodi kanye nephepha, njll. I-carboxymethyl cellulose ehlanzekile ingasetshenziswa ekudleni, emithini, izimonyo, futhi njenge-adhesive ye-ceramics kanye nesikhunta.

I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iyi-ionici-cellulose etherfuthi ingumkhiqizo othatha indawo ephezulu we-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Iyimpushana emhlophe, emhlophe noma ephuzi kancane noma i-granule, engenabuthi, ayinambitheki, incibilika kalula emanzini, yakha isixazululo esisobala esine-viscosity ethile, inokuqina okungcono kokumelana nokushisa nokumelana nosawoti, kanye nezakhiwo ezinamandla zokulwa namagciwane. Asikho isikhutha nokuwohloka. Inezici zokuhlanzeka okuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokushintshwa, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwama-substitute. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-binder, thickener, rheology modifier, i-fluid loss reducer, i-suspension stabilizer, njll. I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni lapho i-CMC ingasetshenziswa khona, enganciphisa kakhulu umthamo, isebenzise kalula, inikeze ukuzinza okungcono futhi ihlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo ephakeme.

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ingumkhiqizo wokusabela we-cellulose ne-acrylonitrile ngaphansi kwe-catalysis ye-alkali:

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ine-dielectric ephezulu engaguquki kanye ne-coefficient yokulahlekelwa okuphansi futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-resin matrix yamalambu e-phosphor kanye ne-electroluminescent. I-cyanoethyl cellulose efakwe endaweni ephansi ingasetshenziswa njengephepha lokuvikela ama-transformer.

Ama-ether e-alcohol anamafutha aphezulu, ama-alkenyl ether, nama-ether e-alcohol anuka kamnandi e-cellulose alungisiwe, kodwa awakaze asetshenziswe.

Izindlela zokulungiselela ze-cellulose ether zingahlukaniswa ngendlela ephakathi kwamanzi, indlela yokuncibilikisa, indlela yokuxova, indlela ye-slurry, indlela ye-gas-solid, indlela yesigaba se-liquid kanye nenhlanganisela yalezi zindlela ezingenhla.