Ziziphi iimpawu ze-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-cellulose alkyl ether, kunye ne-cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether?

Carboxymethyl cellulose:

Ionici-cellulose etheryenziwe kwimicu yendalo (ikotoni, njl. njl.) emva konyango lwe-alkali, usebenzisa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, kwaye ithatha uluhlu lwezonyango zokusabela. Iqondo lokutshintshwa ngokubanzi yi-0.4 ~ 1.4, kwaye ukusebenza kwayo kuchatshazelwa kakhulu ngumgangatho wokutshintshwa.

(1) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic ngakumbi, kwaye iya kuba namanzi amaninzi xa igcinwe phantsi kweemeko eziqhelekileyo.

(2) I-Carboxymethyl cellulose isisombululo samanzi asivelisi i-gel, kwaye i-viscosity iyancipha ngokunyuka kweqondo lokushisa. Xa iqondo lokushisa lidlula i-50 ° C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.

(3) Ukuzinza kwayo kuchaphazeleka kakhulu yi-PH. Ngokuqhelekileyo, inokusetyenziswa kwi-gypsum-based mortar, kodwa kungekhona kwi-samente-based mortar. Xa i-alkaline iphezulu, iya kulahlekelwa yi-viscosity.

(4) Ukugcinwa kwayo kwamanzi kuphantsi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Unempembelelo ephazamisayo kwi-gypsum-based mortar kwaye inciphisa amandla ayo. Nangona kunjalo, ixabiso le-carboxymethyl cellulose liphantsi kakhulu kunelo le-methyl cellulose.

Iselulosi ialkyl ether:

Abameleyo yi-methyl cellulose kunye ne-ethyl cellulose. Kwimveliso yemizi-mveliso, i-methyl chloride okanye i-ethyl chloride isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njengearhente ye-etherification, kwaye impendulo imi ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

Kwifomula, i-R imele i-CH3 okanye i-C2H5. Ugxininiso lwe-alkali aluchaphazeli kuphela iqondo le-etherification, kodwa lichaphazela ukusetyenziswa kwe-alkyl halides. Ukuncipha koxinzelelo lwealkali, kokukhona kunamandla ihydrolysis yealkyl halide. Ukuze kuncitshiswe ukusetyenziswa kwe-etherifying agent, i-alkali concentration kufuneka inyuswe. Nangona kunjalo, xa ugxininiso lwe-alkali luphezulu kakhulu, umphumo wokudumba kweselulosi uyancitshiswa, nto leyo engabangeli ukusabela kwe-etherification, kwaye iqondo le-etherification liyancitshiswa. Ngenxa yale njongo, i-lye egxininisiweyo okanye i-lye eqinile inokongezwa ngexesha lokuphendula. I-reactor kufuneka ibe nesixhobo esilungileyo sokushukumisa nokukrazula ukuze ialkali isasazwe ngokulinganayo.

I-Methyl cellulose isetyenziswa ngokubanzi njenge-thickener, i-adhesive kunye ne-colloid ekhuselayo, njl. amandla okuqala, njl.

Iimveliso ze-cellulose ze-Ethyl zinamandla amakhulu omatshini, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana nokubanda. I-cellulose ye-ethyl ephantsi endaweni ephantsi iyanyibilika emanzini kwaye idibanise izisombululo ze-alkaline, kunye neemveliso ezifakwe endaweni ephezulu zinyibilika kwiintlobo ezininzi ze-organic solvents. Inokuhambelana kakuhle kunye neerasi ezahlukeneyo kunye neeplastiki. Ingasetyenziselwa ukwenza iiplastiki, iifilimu, i-varnishes, i-adhesives, i-latex kunye nezixhobo zokugubungela iziyobisi, njl.

Ukuqaliswa kwamaqela e-hydroxyalkyl kwi-cellulose alkyl ethers kunokuphucula ukunyibilika kwayo, ukunciphisa ukuvakalelwa kwayo kwi-salting ngaphandle, ukwandisa ubushushu be-gelation kunye nokuphucula iimpawu ezishushu zokunyibilika, njl njl.

Iselulosi hydroxyalkyl ether:

Abo bamele i-hydroxyethyl cellulose kunye ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ii-etherifying agents zi-epoxides ezifana ne-ethylene oxide kunye ne-propylene oxide. Sebenzisa i-asidi okanye isiseko njenge-catalyst. Imveliso yemizi-mveliso kukusabela i-alkali cellulose kunye ne-etherification agent: i-hydroxyethyl cellulose enexabiso eliphezulu lokubuyisela iyanyibilika kumanzi abandayo kunye namanzi ashushu. Iselulosi yeHydroxypropyl enexabiso eliphezulu lokutshintsha inyibilika kuphela kumanzi abandayo kodwa hayi emanzini ashushu. Iselulosi yeHydroxyethyl inokusetyenziswa njengento ejiyileyo yokugquma i-latex, ukuprintwa kwelaphu kunye neepasti zokudaya, izinto zokulinganisa iphepha, izinto zokuncamathelisa kunye nee-colloids ezikhuselayo. Ukusetyenziswa kwe-cellulose ye-hydroxypropyl kufana ne-hydroxyethyl cellulose. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enexabiso eliphantsi lokutshintshwa ingasetyenziswa njenge-excipient yamayeza, enokuthi ibe neempawu zokubopha kunye nokuqhawula.

Carboxymethylcellulose, efinyeziweyo njengeCMC, ngokuqhelekileyo ikhona kwimo yetyuwa yesodium. I-etherifying agent yi-monochloroacetic acid, kwaye impendulo ihamba ngolu hlobo lulandelayo:

I-Carboxymethyl cellulose yeyona nto isetyenziswa kakhulu i-cellulose ether enyibilikayo emanzini. Ngaphambili, yayisetyenziswa ikakhulu njengodaka lokwemba, kodwa ngoku iye yandiswa ukuba isetyenziswe njenge-additive of detergent, i-slurry yempahla, ipeyinti ye-latex, i-coating yekhadibhodi kunye nephepha, njl.

Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) i ionici-cellulose etherkwaye yimveliso ethatha indawo ephezulu ye-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ingumgubo omhlophe, omhlophe, omhlophe okanye omthubi kancinane okanye igranule, ayinayo ityhefu, ayinancasa, inyibilika ngokulula emanzini, isenza isisombululo esiselubala kunye ne-viscosity ethile, inozinzo olungcono lokumelana nobushushu kunye nokumelana netyuwa, kunye neempawu ezinamandla zokulwa neentsholongwane. Akukho kungunda kunye nokonakala. Ineempawu zokucoceka okuphezulu, iqondo eliphezulu lokutshintshwa, kunye nokuhanjiswa okufanayo kwezinto ezibambeleyo. Ingasetyenziswa njenge-binder, i-thickener, i-rheology modifier, i-reducer yokulahlekelwa kwamanzi, i-suspension stabilizer, njl. I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) isetyenziswa ngokubanzi kuwo onke amashishini apho i-CMC ingasetyenziswa khona, enokunciphisa kakhulu umthamo, iququzelele ukusetyenziswa, inike uzinzo olungcono kwaye ihlangabezane neemfuno eziphezulu zenkqubo.

I-Cyanoethyl cellulose yimveliso yokusabela ye-cellulose kunye ne-acrylonitrile phantsi kwe-catalysis ye-alkali:

I-cellulose ye-cyanoethyl ine-dielectric ephezulu rhoqo kunye ne-coefficient yelahleko ephantsi kwaye ingasetyenziselwa njenge-matrix ye-resin ye-phosphor kunye nezibane ze-electroluminescent. I-cyanoethyl cellulose efakwe endaweni ephantsi ingasetyenziswa njengephepha lokukhusela i-transformers.

I-ethers yotywala obunamafutha aphezulu, i-alkenyl ethers, kunye ne-ethers yotywala enevumba elimnandi ye-cellulose iye yalungiswa, kodwa ayizange isetyenziswe ekusebenzeni.

Iindlela zokulungiselela i-cellulose ether zinokwahlulwa zibe yindlela ephakathi kwamanzi, indlela ye-solvent, indlela yokuxova, indlela ye-slurry, i-gas-solid method, indlela yesigaba solwelo kunye nokudibanisa iindlela ezingentla.