Kodi carboxymethyl cellulose, cellulose alkyl ether, ndi cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether ndi chiyani?

Carboxymethyl cellulose:

Ioniccellulose etheramapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, etc.) pambuyo pa mankhwala amchere, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate monga etherification agent, ndikulandira chithandizo chamankhwala angapo. Mlingo wolowa m'malo nthawi zambiri ndi 0.4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa m'malo.

(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose imakhala ndi hygroscopic, ndipo imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ikasungidwa nthawi zambiri.

(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose amadzimadzi njira sapanga gel osakaniza, ndipo mamasukidwe akayendedwe amachepetsa ndi kuwonjezeka kutentha. Kutentha kupitilira 50 ° C, kukhuthala kwake sikungasinthe.

(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi PH. Nthawi zambiri, itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito mumatope opangidwa ndi gypsum, koma osati mumatope opangidwa ndi simenti. Pamene kwambiri zamchere, izo kutaya mamasukidwe akayendedwe.

(4) Kusunga madzi ake ndikotsika kwambiri kuposa methyl cellulose. Imalepheretsa matope a gypsum ndipo imachepetsa mphamvu zake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.

Ma cellulose alkyl ether:

Zoyimira ndi methyl cellulose ndi ethyl cellulose. Popanga mafakitale, methyl chloride kapena ethyl chloride imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherification wothandizira, ndipo zomwe zimachitika motere:

Mu chilinganizo, R imayimira CH3 kapena C2H5. Kuphatikizika kwa alkali sikungokhudza kuchuluka kwa etherification, komanso kumakhudza kumwa kwa alkyl halides. Kutsika kwa mchere wa alkali, kumapangitsa kuti hydrolysis ya alkyl halide ikhale yolimba. Kuti muchepetse kumwa kwa etherifying agent, kuchuluka kwa alkali kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Komabe, pamene ndende ya alkali ndi yochuluka kwambiri, kutupa kwa cellulose kumachepetsedwa, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi etherification reaction, ndipo mlingo wa etherification umachepetsedwa. Pachifukwa ichi, sopo wokhazikika kapena sopo wolimba akhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawiyi. The reactor iyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chabwino chogwedeza ndi chong'amba kuti alkaliyo igawidwe mofanana.

Methyl mapadi chimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga thickener, zomatira ndi zoteteza colloid etc. Angagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati dispersant kwa emulsion polymerization, chomangira dispersant kwa mbewu, nsalu slurry, ndi zowonjezera chakudya ndi zodzoladzola, mankhwala zomatira, mankhwala ❖ ❖ kuyanika zakuthupi, ndi kwa latex utoto, kupanga simenti, kulamulira nthawi yosakaniza, kusindikiza, kusindikiza ndi kusanganikirana mu zodzoladzola zopaka utoto, kusindikiza ndi kusanganikirana mu zodzoladzola. mwayi woyamba, etc.

Ma cellulose a ethyl amakhala ndi mphamvu zamakina apamwamba, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha komanso kuzizira. Low-substituted ethyl cellulose amasungunuka m'madzi ndi kusungunula njira za alkaline, ndipo zinthu zolowa m'malo mwapamwamba zimasungunuka muzosungunulira zambiri za organic. Zimagwirizana bwino ndi ma resin osiyanasiyana ndi mapulasitiki. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki, mafilimu, ma varnish, zomatira, latex ndi zida zokutira mankhwala, etc.

Kumayambiriro kwa magulu a hydroxyalkyl mu cellulose alkyl ethers amatha kusintha kusungunuka kwake, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwake kwa salting, kuonjezera kutentha kwa gelation ndi kusintha katundu wotentha kusungunula, etc. Mlingo wa kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambazi zimasiyana ndi chikhalidwe cha olowa m'malo ndi chiŵerengero cha alkyl ku magulu a hydroxyalkyl.

Cellulose hydroxyalkyl ether:

Zoyimira ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose. Etherifying agents ndi epoxides monga ethylene oxide ndi propylene oxide. Gwiritsani ntchito asidi kapena maziko ngati chothandizira. Kupanga mafakitale ndikuchitapo kanthu pa cellulose yamchere ndi etherification wothandizira: hydroxyethyl mapadi okhala ndi mtengo wolowa m'malo wambiri amasungunuka m'madzi onse ozizira ndi madzi otentha. Ma cellulose a Hydroxypropyl okhala ndi mtengo wolowa m'malo wambiri amasungunuka m'madzi ozizira okha koma osati m'madzi otentha. Ma cellulose a Hydroxyethyl atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati zokutira zokutira latex, kusindikiza nsalu ndi utoto, zida zopangira mapepala, zomatira ndi zotchingira zoteteza. Kugwiritsiridwa ntchito kwa hydroxypropyl cellulose ndikofanana ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ma cellulose a Hydroxypropyl okhala ndi mtengo wotsika wolowa m'malo atha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chothandizira pamankhwala, chomwe chimatha kukhala ndi zomangira komanso zosokoneza.

Carboxymethylcellulose, yofupikitsidwa ngatiCMC, nthawi zambiri umakhala mu mawonekedwe a mchere wa sodium. The etherifying wothandizila ndi monochloroacetic acid, ndipo zimene anachita motere:

Carboxymethyl cellulose ndiye ether yosungunuka m'madzi yosungunuka m'madzi. M'mbuyomu, ankagwiritsidwa ntchito makamaka ngati matope obowola, koma tsopano awonjezeredwa kuti agwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha detergent, zovala slurry, utoto wa latex, zokutira makatoni ndi mapepala, etc. Pure carboxymethyl cellulose angagwiritsidwe ntchito mu chakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, komanso monga zomatira kwa ziwiya zadothi ndi nkhungu.

Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ndi ioniccellulose etherndipo ndi cholowa m'malo mwa carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ndi woyera, woyera kapena pang'ono chikasu ufa kapena granule, sanali poizoni, zoipa, mosavuta sungunuka m'madzi, n'kupanga njira mandala ndi kukhuthala, ali bwino kutentha kukana bata ndi mchere kukana, ndi amphamvu antibacterial katundu. Palibe mildew ndi kuwonongeka. Lili ndi makhalidwe a chiyero chapamwamba, mlingo wapamwamba wolowa m'malo, ndi kugawa kofanana kwa zolowa m'malo. Ikhoza kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati binder, thickener, rheology modifier, kuchepetsa kutaya kwa madzimadzi, kuyimitsidwa kokhazikika, etc. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale onse omwe CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, yomwe ingachepetse kwambiri mlingo, kuthandizira kugwiritsira ntchito, kupereka kukhazikika bwino ndi kukwaniritsa zofunikira za ndondomeko yapamwamba.

Cyanoethyl cellulose ndi zomwe zimachitika pa cellulose ndi acrylonitrile pansi pa catalysis ya alkali:

Ma cellulose a Cyanoethyl ali ndi dielectric yayikulu yosasinthika komanso yotsika kwambiri ndipo imatha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati matrix a utomoni wa nyali za phosphor ndi electroluminescent. Otsika m'malo cyanoethyl mapadi angagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati insulating pepala thiransifoma.

Ma ether a mowa wochuluka kwambiri, alkenyl ethers, ndi ma ethers onunkhira a mowa wa cellulose akonzedwa, koma sanagwiritsidwe ntchito pochita.

Njira zokonzekera za cellulose ether zitha kugawidwa m'njira yamadzi sing'anga, njira yosungunulira, njira yokanda, slurry njira, njira yolimba ya gasi, njira yamadzimadzi komanso kuphatikiza njira zomwe zili pamwambazi.