Ufa wa putty umapangidwa makamaka ndi zinthu zopangira filimu (zipangizo zomangira), zodzaza, zosungira madzi, zothina, zochotsera poizoni, ndi zina zotero. Zipangizo zopangira mankhwala achilengedwe zomwe zimapezeka mu ufa wa putty zimaphatikizapo: cellulose, starch yosungunuka kale, starch ether, polyvinyl alcohol, dispersible latex powder, ndi zina zotero. Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ndi kagwiritsidwe ntchito ka zinthu zosiyanasiyana zopangira mankhwala kumafufuzidwa chimodzi ndi chimodzi pansipa.
1: Tanthauzo ndi kusiyana kwa ulusi, cellulose ndi cellulose ether
Ulusi (US: Ulusi; Chingerezi: Ulusi) amatanthauza chinthu chopangidwa ndi ulusi wopitirira kapena wosapitirira. Monga ulusi wa zomera, ubweya wa nyama, ulusi wa silika, ulusi wopangidwa, ndi zina zotero.
Cellulose ndi polysaccharide yayikulu yopangidwa ndi shuga ndipo ndiye gawo lalikulu la makoma a maselo a zomera. Pa kutentha kwa chipinda, cellulose sisungunuka m'madzi kapena m'zinthu zosungunuka zachilengedwe. Kuchuluka kwa cellulose mu thonje kuli pafupifupi 100%, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ikhale gwero lenileni la cellulose. Kawirikawiri, cellulose imakhala ndi 40-50%, ndipo pali 10-30% hemicellulose ndi 20-30% lignin. Kusiyana pakati pa cellulose (kumanja) ndi starch (kumanzere):
Kawirikawiri, starch ndi cellulose ndi ma macromolecular polysaccharides, ndipo formula ya molekyulu ikhoza kufotokozedwa ngati (C6H10O5)n. Kulemera kwa molekyulu ya cellulose ndi kwakukulu kuposa kwa starch, ndipo cellulose imatha kuwola kuti ipange starch. Cellulose ndi D-glucose ndi β-1,4 glycoside Macromolecular polysaccharides yopangidwa ndi ma bond, pomwe starch imapangidwa ndi α-1,4 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose nthawi zambiri si nthambi, koma starch imapangidwa ndi 1,6 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose imasungunuka bwino m'madzi, pomwe starch imasungunuka m'madzi otentha. Cellulose sikhudzidwa ndi amylase ndipo siisintha kukhala buluu ikakumana ndi ayodini.
Dzina la Chingerezi la cellulose ether ndi cellulose ether, yomwe ndi polima yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka ether yopangidwa ndi cellulose. Ndi chinthu chopangidwa ndi mankhwala a cellulose (chomera) ndi etherification agent. Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala ka gulu la substituent pambuyo pa etherification, imatha kugawidwa m'magulu a anionic, cationic ndi nonionic ethers. Kutengera ndi etherification agent yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito, pali methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi phenyl cellulose, ndi zina zotero. Mu makampani omanga, cellulose ether imatchedwanso cellulose, yomwe ndi dzina losazolowereka, ndipo imatchedwa cellulose (kapena ether) molondola. Njira yothina ya cellulose ether thickener Cellulose ether thickener ndi non-ionic thickener, yomwe imakhuthala makamaka ndi hydration ndi entanglement pakati pa mamolekyulu. Unyolo wa polima wa efa ya cellulose ndi wosavuta kupanga mgwirizano wa haidrojeni ndi madzi m'madzi, ndipo mgwirizano wa haidrojeni umapangitsa kuti ukhale ndi madzi ambiri komanso kusokonekera kwa mamolekyulu.
Pamene chokhuthala cha ether cha cellulose chiwonjezeredwa ku utoto wa latex, chimayamwa madzi ambiri, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti voliyumu yake ikule kwambiri, zomwe zimachepetsa malo omasuka a utoto, zodzaza ndi tinthu ta latex; nthawi yomweyo, maunyolo a molekyulu a ether a cellulose amalumikizana kuti apange kapangidwe ka netiweki ya magawo atatu, ndipo Zodzaza ndi tinthu ta latex zimatsekedwa pakati pa neti ndipo sizingayende momasuka. Pansi pa zotsatirazi ziwirizi, kukhuthala kwa dongosolo kumawonjezeka! Takwaniritsa mphamvu yokhuthala yomwe tinkafuna!
Cellulose yodziwika bwino (ether): Kawirikawiri, cellulose yomwe ili pamsika imatanthauza hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa utoto, utoto wa latex, ndipo hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa matope, putty ndi zinthu zina. Carboxymethyl cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito pa ufa wamba wa putty wa makoma amkati. Carboxymethyl cellulose, yomwe imadziwikanso kuti sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, yotchedwa (CMC): Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi ufa woyera wopanda poizoni, wopanda fungo ndipo umagwira ntchito bwino ndipo umasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi. Madzi owoneka bwino a alkaline kapena alkaline, osungunuka mu guluu ndi ma resin ena osungunuka m'madzi, osasungunuka mu zosungunulira zachilengedwe monga ethanol. CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chomangira, chothira, choyimitsa, chosungunula, chosungunula, chokhazikika, chokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ndi chinthu chomwe chimatulutsa mphamvu zambiri, chimagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri, komanso chosavuta kugwiritsa ntchito pakati pa ma ether a cellulose, omwe amadziwika kuti "industrial monosodium glutamate". Carboxymethyl cellulose ili ndi ntchito zomangirira, kukhuthala, kulimbitsa, kusakaniza, kusunga madzi ndi kusungunula. 1. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mumakampani azakudya: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose sikuti ndi chokhazikika komanso chokhuthala cha emulsification chabwino pogwiritsira ntchito chakudya, komanso chimakhala ndi kukhazikika kwabwino kwambiri kwa kuzizira ndi kusungunuka, ndipo chingathandize kusintha Kukoma kwa chinthucho kumawonjezera nthawi yosungira. 2. Kugwiritsa ntchito sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mumakampani opanga mankhwala: ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chokhazikika cha emulsion pa jakisoni, chomangira komanso chopangira filimu pamapiritsi mumakampani opanga mankhwala. 3. CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati choletsa kukhazikika, chosakaniza, chosungunula, choyezera, ndi chomatira cha zokutira. Ikhoza kupanga zinthu zolimba za zokutirazo kugawidwa mofanana mu chosungunulira, kotero kuti zokutirazo sizimasungunuka kwa nthawi yayitali. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu utoto. 4. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, water retaining agent, sizeing agent, film-forming material, etc. Imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri mu zamagetsi, mankhwala ophera tizilombo, zikopa, mapulasitiki, kusindikiza, zadothi, makampani opanga mankhwala ogwiritsidwa ntchito tsiku ndi tsiku ndi madera ena, ndipo chifukwa cha magwiridwe ake abwino komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kosiyanasiyana, ikupanga minda yatsopano yogwiritsira ntchito nthawi zonse, ndipo chiyembekezo cha msika ndi chachikulu kwambiri. Zitsanzo zogwiritsira ntchito: ufa wa putty wakunja kwa khoma fomula ya ufa wa putty wamkati wa khoma fomula 1 Ufa wa Shuangfei: 600-650kg 1 Ufa wa Shuangfei: 1000kg 2 Simenti yoyera: 400-350kg 2 Wowuma wokonzedweratu: 5-6kg 3 Wowuma wokonzedweratu: 5 -6kg 3 CMC: 10-15kg kapena HPMC2.5-3kg 4 CMC: 10-15kg kapena HPMC2.5-3kg Ufa wa putty wowonjezeredwa carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, wowuma wokonzedweratu: ① Uli ndi mphamvu yabwino yokhuthala mwachangu; magwiridwe antchito ogwirizana, komanso kusunga madzi ena; ② Sinthani mphamvu yoletsa kutsetsereka (kugwa) kwa chinthucho, sinthani magwiridwe antchito a chinthucho, ndikupangitsa kuti ntchitoyo ikhale yosalala; onjezerani nthawi yotsegulira chinthucho. ③ Pambuyo pouma, pamwamba pake pamakhala posalala, sipagwa ufa, pali zinthu zabwino zopangira filimu komanso palibe mikwingwirima. ④ Chofunika kwambiri, mlingo wake ndi wochepa, ndipo mlingo wochepa kwambiri ungapangitse kuti pakhale zotsatira zabwino; nthawi yomweyo, mtengo wopangira umachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 10-20%. Mu makampani omanga, CMC imagwiritsidwa ntchito popanga ma preform a konkriti, zomwe zimachepetsa kutaya madzi ndikugwira ntchito ngati retarder. Ngakhale pa zomangamanga zazikulu, zimathanso kuwonjezera mphamvu ya konkriti ndikuthandizira ma preform kugwa kuchokera ku nembanemba. Cholinga china chachikulu ndikukanda ufa woyera ndi putty pakhoma, putty phala, zomwe zimatha kusunga zipangizo zambiri zomangira ndikuwonjezera chitetezo ndi kuwala kwa khoma. Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, yotchedwa (HEC): chemical formula:
1. Chiyambi cha hydroxyethyl cellulose: Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ndi ether ya cellulose yosakhala ionic yopangidwa kuchokera ku cellulose yachilengedwe ya polymer kudzera mu njira zingapo zamakemikolo. Ndi ufa woyera kapena granule wopanda fungo, wopanda kukoma, wopanda poizoni, womwe ungasungunuke m'madzi ozizira kuti upange yankho lowonekera bwino, ndipo kusungunuka sikukhudzidwa ndi pH. Ili ndi makulidwe, kumangirira, kufalitsa, kusakaniza, kupanga filimu, kuyimitsa, kuyamwa, kugwira ntchito pamwamba, kusunga chinyezi komanso kukana mchere.
2. Zizindikiro zaukadaulo Muyezo wa polojekiti Mawonekedwe Ufa woyera kapena wachikasu Kusintha kwa molar (MS) 1.8-2.8 Zinthu zosasungunuka m'madzi (%) ≤ 0.5 Kutayika pakuuma (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Zotsalira pakuyatsa (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Mtengo wa PH 6.0- 8.5 Kukhuthala (mPa.s) 2%, 30000, 60000, 100000 yankho lamadzi pa 20°C Katatu, ubwino wa hydroxyethyl cellulose Mphamvu yayikulu yokhuthala
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose imapereka mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri ophikira utoto wa latex, makamaka utoto wa PVA wambiri. Palibe kugwedezeka komwe kumachitika utoto ukakhala wokhuthala.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose imakhala ndi mphamvu yokhuthala kwambiri. Imatha kuchepetsa mlingo, kukonza bwino njira yopangira, komanso kukonza kukana kwa chofunda.
Katundu wabwino kwambiri wa rheological
● Yankho lamadzi la hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi dongosolo losakhala la Newtonian, ndipo mphamvu ya yankho lake imatchedwa thixotropy.
● Mu mkhalidwe wosasinthasintha, pambuyo poti chinthucho chasungunuka kwathunthu, dongosolo lopaka limasunga mawonekedwe abwino kwambiri okhuthala ndi otseguka.
● Mu nthawi yothira, makinawa amakhala ndi kukhuthala pang'ono, kotero kuti chinthucho chimakhala ndi kusinthasintha kwabwino komanso sichidzathira madzi.
● Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi burashi ndi roller, mankhwalawa amafalikira mosavuta pa substrate. Ndi yosavuta kumangidwa. Nthawi yomweyo, imakhala ndi kukana kwabwino kwa splashing.
● Pomaliza, pambuyo poti chophimbacho chatha, kukhuthala kwa dongosolo kumabwerera nthawi yomweyo, ndipo chophimbacho chimatsika nthawi yomweyo.
Kufalikira ndi Kusungunuka
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose imachiritsidwa ndi kusungunuka mochedwa, zomwe zingalepheretse kusonkhana kwa ufa wouma ukawonjezedwa. Mukaonetsetsa kuti ufa wa HEC wafalikira bwino, yambani kunyowetsa madzi.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose yokhala ndi chithandizo choyenera pamwamba pake imatha kusintha bwino kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka ndi kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala kwa chinthucho.
kukhazikika kwa malo osungira
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose ili ndi mphamvu zabwino zotsutsana ndi chimfine ndipo imapereka nthawi yokwanira yosungira utoto. Imaletsa utoto ndi zodzaza kuti zisakhazikike. 4. Momwe mungagwiritsire ntchito: (1) Onjezani mwachindunji panthawi yopanga Njira iyi ndi yosavuta komanso imatenga nthawi yochepa kwambiri. Masitepe ndi awa: 1. Onjezani madzi oyera mu chidebe chachikulu chokhala ndi chotsukira kwambiri. 2. Yambani kusakaniza mosalekeza pa liwiro lotsika ndipo pang'onopang'ono sefa hydroxyethyl cellulose mu yankho mofanana. 3. Pitirizani kusakaniza mpaka tinthu tonse titanyowa. 4. Kenako onjezani mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ndi zowonjezera zosiyanasiyana. Monga utoto, zosakaniza zobalalitsa, madzi a ammonia, ndi zina zotero. 5. Sakanizani mpaka hydroxyethyl cellulose yonse isungunuke kwathunthu (kukhuthala kwa yankho kumawonjezeka kwambiri) musanawonjezere zigawo zina mu fomula yochitira. (2) Konzani mowa wa amayi kuti mugwiritse ntchito: Njira iyi ndikukonzekera mowa wa amayi ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu poyamba, kenako muwonjezere ku chinthucho. Ubwino wa njira iyi ndikuti uli ndi kusinthasintha kwakukulu ndipo ukhoza kuwonjezeredwa mwachindunji ku chinthu chomalizidwa, koma chiyenera kusungidwa bwino. Masitepewo ndi ofanana ndi masitepe (1–4) mu njira (1): kusiyana kwake ndikuti sikufunika choyambitsa kutentha kwambiri, koma ma agitator ena okhala ndi mphamvu zokwanira kuti hydroxyethyl cellulose ifalikire mofanana mu yankho, pitirizani kusakaniza mpaka itasungunuka kwathunthu kukhala yankho lokhuthala. Dziwani kuti mankhwala ophera tizilombo toyambitsa matenda ayenera kuwonjezeredwa ku mowa wothira madzi mwachangu momwe mungathere. V. Kugwiritsa Ntchito 1. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto wa latex wopangidwa ndi madzi: HEC, monga colloid yoteteza, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu vinyl acetate emulsion polymerization kuti ikonze kukhazikika kwa dongosolo la polymerization m'mitundu yosiyanasiyana ya pH. Pakupanga zinthu zomalizidwa, zowonjezera monga pigments ndi fillers zimagwiritsidwa ntchito kuti zifalikire mofanana, zikhazikike komanso kupereka zotsatira zokhuthala. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chosungunula ma polima oimika monga styrene, acrylate, ndi propylene. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto wa latex kumatha kusintha kwambiri makulidwe ndi magwiridwe antchito. 2. Ponena za kuboola mafuta: HEC imagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chokhuthala m'matope osiyanasiyana ofunikira poboola, kukonza zitsime, kuyika simenti ndi kusweka kwa zitsime, kuti matopewo athe kusungunuka bwino komanso kukhazikika. Kukweza mphamvu yonyamula matope poboola, ndikuletsa madzi ambiri kulowa mu mafuta kuchokera mu matope, ndikukhazikitsa mphamvu yopangira mafuta. 3. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito pomanga nyumba ndi zipangizo zomangira: Chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yosunga madzi, HEC ndi chokhuthala komanso chomangirira bwino matope a simenti ndi matope. Itha kusakanizidwa mu matope kuti iwonjezere kusungunuka ndi magwiridwe antchito omanga, ndikuwonjezera nthawi yotulutsa madzi, Kukweza mphamvu yoyambirira ya konkire ndikupewa ming'alu. Itha kusintha kwambiri mphamvu yake yosunga madzi ndi malumikizano ikagwiritsidwa ntchito popaka pulasitala, pulasitala yomangirira, ndi putty ya pulasitiki. 4. Kugwiritsidwa ntchito mu toothpaste: chifukwa cha kukana kwake mchere ndi asidi, HEC imatha kutsimikizira kukhazikika kwa toothpaste. Kuphatikiza apo, toothpaste si yosavuta kuuma chifukwa cha mphamvu yake yosunga madzi ndi emulsifying. 5. Ikagwiritsidwa ntchito mu inki yochokera m'madzi, HEC imatha kupangitsa inki kuuma mwachangu komanso kosalowa madzi. Kuphatikiza apo, HEC imagwiritsidwanso ntchito kwambiri posindikiza ndi kuyika utoto nsalu, kupanga mapepala, mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku ndi zina zotero. 6. Malangizo Ogwiritsira Ntchito HEC: a. Hygroscopicity: Mitundu yonse ya hydroxyethyl cellulose HEC ndi hygroscopic. Madzi nthawi zambiri amakhala pansi pa 5% akamachoka mufakitale, koma chifukwa cha malo osiyanasiyana oyendera ndi kusungiramo, madzi amakhala ochuluka kuposa akamachoka mufakitale. Mukamagwiritsa ntchito, ingoyesani kuchuluka kwa madzi ndikuchepetsa kulemera kwa madzi mukawerengera. Musayiwonetse mumlengalenga. b. Ufa wa fumbi umaphulika: ngati ufa wonse wachilengedwe ndi ufa wa fumbi wa hydroxyethyl cellulose uli mumlengalenga pamlingo winawake, umaphulikanso akakumana ndi malo oyaka moto. Kugwira ntchito moyenera kuyenera kuchitika kuti fumbi lisalowe mumlengalenga momwe mungathere. 7. Zofunikira pakulongedza: Chogulitsachi chimapangidwa ndi thumba la pepala-pulasitiki lopangidwa ndi thumba lamkati la polyethylene, lolemera makilogalamu 25. Sungani pamalo opumira mpweya komanso ouma m'nyumba mukasunga, ndipo samalani ndi chinyezi. Samalani ndi mvula ndi dzuwa pamene mukunyamula. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, yotchedwa (HPMC): hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ndi ufa woyera wopanda fungo, wopanda kukoma, wopanda poizoni, pali mitundu iwiri ya ufa wachangu ndi wosafulumira, wachangu, Ukakumana ndi madzi ozizira, umafalikira mwachangu ndikutha m'madzi. Panthawiyi, madziwo alibe kukhuthala. Pakatha mphindi pafupifupi ziwiri, kukhuthala kwa madziwo kumawonjezeka, ndikupanga colloid yowonekera bwino. Mtundu wosafulumira: Ungagwiritsidwe ntchito kokha mu ufa wouma monga ufa wa putty ndi simenti. Sungagwiritsidwe ntchito mu guluu wamadzimadzi ndi utoto, ndipo padzakhala kusonkhana.
Nthawi yotumizira: Disembala-26-2022