Ko te paura putty te nuinga o te wā he mea hanga mai i ngā matū hanga kiriata (ngā rauemi here), ngā whakakī, ngā kaihoko pupuri wai, ngā mea whakamātotoru, ngā mea whakakore pahuka, me ētahi atu. Ko ngā rauemi matū waro noa i roto i te paura putty ko: te cellulose, te māngaro kua whakakīia ki mua i te gelatin, te māngaro ether, te waipiro polyvinyl, te paura rapa marara, me ētahi atu. Ka tātarihia te mahi me te whakamahinga o ngā rauemi matū rerekē i raro nei.
1: Te whakamāramatanga me te rerekētanga o te muka, te cellulose me te cellulose ether
Ko te muka (US: Fiber; Ingarihi: Fiber) e pā ana ki tētahi matū i hangaia mai i ngā miro tonu, kore tonu rānei. Pērā i te muka tipu, te huruhuru kararehe, te muka hiraka, te muka hangai, me ētahi atu.
He polysaccharide macromolecular te cellulose he mea tito mai i te glucose, ā, koinei te wāhanga hanganga matua o ngā pakitara pūtau tipu. I te pāmahana rūma, kāore te cellulose e wairewa i roto i te wai, i roto rānei i ngā whakarewa rauropi noa. Tata ki te 100% te nui o te cellulose i roto i te miro, ā, koinei te puna tūturu parakore o te cellulose. I roto i te rakau whānui, ko te cellulose te 40-50%, ā, he 10-30% te hemicellulose me te 20-30% te lignin. Ko te rerekētanga i waenga i te cellulose (matau) me te māngaro (maui):
I te nuinga o te wā, he polysaccharides macromolecular te māngaro me te cellulose, ā, ka taea te whakaatu i te tātai ngota hei (C6H10O5)n. He nui ake te taumaha ngota o te cellulose i te taumaha ngota o te māngaro, ā, ka taea te wetewete i te cellulose hei hanga māngaro. Ko te cellulose he D-glucose me te β-1,4 glycoside. Ko ngā polysaccharides macromolecular he mea hanga mai i ngā hononga, ko te māngaro ia he mea hanga mai i ngā hononga α-1,4 glycosidic. Ko te cellulose te tikanga kāore i te peka, engari ko te māngaro he peka mai i ngā hononga 1,6 glycosidic. He ngoikore te wairewa o te cellulose ki te wai, ko te māngaro ia he wairewa ki te wai wera. Kāore te cellulose e pāngia e te amylase, ā, kāore e kikorangi ina pāngia ki te iodine.
Ko te ingoa Pākehā o te cellulose ether ko te cellulose ether, he pūhui polymer me te hanganga ether i hangaia ki te cellulose. Ko te hua o te tauhohenga matū o te cellulose (tipu) me te kaihoko etherification. E ai ki te whakarōpūtanga hanganga matū o te whakakapinga i muri i te etherification, ka taea te wehewehe ki ngā ether anionic, cationic me te nonionic. I runga i te kaihoko etherification e whakamahia ana, kei reira te methyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, te carboxymethyl cellulose, te ethyl cellulose, te benzyl cellulose, te hydroxyethyl cellulose, te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, te cyanoethyl cellulose, te benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, te carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose me te phenyl cellulose, me ētahi atu. I roto i te umanga hanga, ka kiia hoki te cellulose ether ko te cellulose, he ingoa koretake, ā, ka kiia tika ko te cellulose (ether rānei). Te tikanga whakamātotoru o te cellulose ether thickener Ko te cellulose ether thickener he thickener kore-ionic, e whakamātotoru ana i te nuinga o te wā mā te whakamakuku me te hononga i waenga i ngā ngota. He ngāwari te mekameka pūmua o te cellulose ether ki te hanga i te here hauwai ki te wai i roto i te wai, ā, mā te here hauwai ka nui te makuku me te hononga i waenga i ngā ngota ngota.
Ina tāpirihia te whakamātotoru cellulose ether ki te peita rapa, ka mimitihia he nui o te wai, ka nui haere te rahinga o tōna ake rōrahi, ka whakaiti i te wāhi wātea mō ngā tae, ngā whakakī me ngā matūriki rapa; i te wā kotahi, ka honoa ngā mekameka ngota ngota cellulose ether hei hanga i tētahi hanganga whatunga toru-ahu, ā, ka noho ngā Whakakī Tae me ngā matūriki rapa ki waenganui o te mata, ā, kāore e taea te rere noa. I raro i ēnei pānga e rua, ka pai ake te matotoru o te pūnaha! I tutuki te pānga whakamātotoru i hiahiatia e mātou!
Cellulose noa (ether): I te nuinga o te wā, ko te cellulose i te mākete e pā ana ki te hydroxypropyl, ko te hydroxyethyl te nuinga e whakamahia ana mō te peita, te peita latex, ā, ko te hydroxypropyl methylcellulose e whakamahia ana mō te moata, te putty me ētahi atu hua. Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose e whakamahia ana mō te paura putty noa mō ngā pakitara o roto. Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose, e mōhiotia ana ko te sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, e kiia ana ko (CMC): Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) he paura pupuhi ma, kāore he paitini, he kore kakara, he pumau te mahi, ā, he ngāwari te wairewa ki te wai. He wai matotoru mārama te kawakore, kawakore rānei, ka wairewa ki roto i ētahi atu kāpia me ngā kapia wairewa-wai, kāore e wairewa ki roto i ngā whakarewa waro pērā i te etanoru. Ka taea te whakamahi i te CMC hei here, hei whakamātotoru, hei kaiwhakatārewa, hei emulsifier, hei whakamarara, hei whakaū, hei kaihoko rahi, me ētahi atu. Ko te Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) te hua me te putanga nui rawa atu, te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga, me te whakamahinga tino watea i waenga i ngā cellulose ethers, e mōhiotia whānuitia ana ko te "monosodium glutamate ahumahi". Ko ngā mahi a te carboxymethyl cellulose he here, he whakamātotoru, he whakapakari, he whakaemulsifying, he pupuri wai me te whakatārewatanga. 1. Te whakamahinga o te sodium carboxymethyl cellulose i roto i te umanga kai: ehara i te mea he pai te sodium carboxymethyl cellulose hei whakaū me te whakamātotoru i roto i ngā tono kai, engari he tino pai hoki te pumau o te tio me te rewa, ā, ka taea te whakapai ake i te reka o te hua ka roa ake te wā rokiroki. 2. Te whakamahinga o te sodium carboxymethyl cellulose i roto i te umanga rongoā: ka taea te whakamahi hei whakaū emulsion mō ngā werohanga, hei here me te kaihanga kiriata mō ngā papa i roto i te umanga rongoā. 3. Ka taea te whakamahi i te CMC hei āpiha ārai-taunga, emulsifier, dispersant, agent leveling, me te piripiri mō ngā paninga. Ka taea e ia te hanga i te ihirangi totoka o te paninga kia tohatohahia kia ōrite ki roto i te whakarewa, kia kore ai te paninga e wehewehe mō te wā roa. He whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga i roto i te peita. 4. Ka taea te whakamahi i te konutai carboxymethyl cellulose hei flocculant, hei chelating agent, hei emulsifier, hei thickener, hei pupuri wai, hei rahi, hei rauemi hanga kiriata, me ētahi atu. E whakamahia whānuitia ana hoki i roto i ngā hikohiko, ngā patupatu pepeke, te hiako, ngā kirihou, te tā, ngā uku, te ahumahi matū o ia rā me ētahi atu mara, ā, nā te mea he pai rawa te mahi me te whānuitanga o ngā whakamahinga, kei te whakawhanake tonu i ngā mara tono hou, ā, he whānui rawa te tirohanga mākete. Tauira tono: te paura putty pakitara o waho te paura putty pakitara o roto 1 te paura Shuangfei: 600-650kg 1 te paura Shuangfei: 1000kg 2 te sima mā: 400-350kg 2 te māngaro kua whakapūkaratia: 5-6kg 3 te māngaro kua whakapūkaratia: 5 -6kg 3 te CMC: 10-15kg, HPMC rānei 2.5-3kg 4 te CMC: 10-15kg, HPMC rānei 2.5-3kg te paura putty i tāpirihia te carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, te mahi māngaro kua whakapūkaratia: ① He pai te kaha ki te whakamātotoru tere; te mahi piri, me te pupuri wai; ② Whakapai ake i te kaha ārai-paheke (heke) o te rauemi, whakapai ake i te mahi whakahaere o te rauemi, me te whakangawari ake i te mahi; whakaroa ake i te wā whakatuwheratanga o te rauemi. ③ I muri i te maroke, he maeneene te mata, kāore e taka mai i te paura, he pai ngā āhuatanga hanga kiriata, ā, kāore he karawarawa. ④ He mea nui ake, he iti te horopeta, ā, mā te horopeta tino iti ka taea te whakatutuki i te hua nui; i te wa ano, ka whakaitihia te utu whakaputa mā te 10-20%. I roto i te umanga hanga, ka whakamahia te CMC i roto i te hanga o ngā preforms raima, ka taea te whakaiti i te ngaronga wai me te mahi hei aukati. Ahakoa mō ngā hanganga nui, ka taea hoki e ia te whakapai ake i te kaha o te raima me te whakahaere i ngā preforms kia taka mai i te membrane. Ko tētahi atu kaupapa matua ko te waru i te pakitara ma me te paura putty, te whakapiri putty, ka taea te whakaora i te maha o ngā rauemi hanga me te whakarei ake i te paparanga tiaki me te kanapa o te pakitara. Ko te Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, e kiia nei ko (HEC): tātai matū:
1. Whakataki ki te hydroxyethyl cellulose: Ko te Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) he cellulose ether kore-ionic i hangaia mai i te rauemi polymer tūturu cellulose mā roto i te raupapa o ngā tukanga matū. He paura ma, he kirikiri rānei, kāore he kakara, kāore he reka, kāore he paitini, ka taea te whakarewa ki te wai matao hei hanga i tētahi otinga matotoru mārama, ā, kāore te uara pH e pāngia e te rewa. He āhuatanga whakamātotoru, here, horapa, whakaemulsifying, hanga kiriata, whakatārewa, mimiti, hohe mata, pupuri makuku me te ātete tote.
2. Ngā tohu hangarau Paerewa kaupapa Āhua Paura mā, kowhai rānei Whakakapinga molar (MS) 1.8-2.8 Mea kore-wai (%) ≤ 0.5 Ngaronga i te whakamaroketanga (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Toenga i te mura (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Uara PH 6.0- 8.5 Matotoru (mPa.s) 2%, 30000, 60000, 100000 wairewa i te 20°C Tuatoru, ngā painga o te hydroxyethyl cellulose He pānga matotoru teitei
● He tino pai ngā āhuatanga paninga o te Hydroxyethyl cellulose mō ngā paninga rapa, inā koa ngā paninga PVA teitei. Kāore he pupūtanga e puta ina he matotoru te peita.
● He nui ake te pānga whakamātotoru o te Hydroxyethyl cellulose. Ka taea e ia te whakaiti i te horopeta, te whakapai ake i te penapena o te tauira, me te whakapai ake i te ātete ki te mirimiri o te paninga.
Ngā āhuatanga rheological tino pai
● He pūnaha kore-Newtonian te otinga wai o te hydroxyethyl cellulose, ā, ko te āhuatanga o tōna otinga e kiia ana ko te thixotropy.
● I te āhua pūmau, i muri i te rewa katoa o te hua, ka mau tonu te pūnaha paninga i te āhua matotoru me te āhua tuwhera pai rawa atu.
● I te wā e ringihia ana, ka mau tonu te matotoru o te pūnaha, kia tino rere ai te hua, ā, e kore e tauhiuhi.
● Ina pania ki te paraihe me te roera, ka horapa ngāwari te hua ki runga i te papa. He watea mō te hanga. I te wa ano, he ātete pai ki te tauhiuhi.
● Hei whakamutunga, i muri i te otinga o te paninga, ka hoki tonu te matotoru o te pūnaha, ā, ka heke tonu te paninga.
Te Mararatanga me te Wairewatanga
● Ka rongoatia te Hydroxyethyl cellulose mā te whakarewatanga whakaroa, ka taea ai te ārai i te kohikohinga ina tāpirihia te paura maroke. Kia mōhio kei te marara pai te paura HEC, tīmata te whakamakuku.
● Mā te maimoatanga mata tika o te Hydroxyethyl cellulose ka taea te whakarite i te tere whakarewa me te tere whakanui i te matotoru o te hua.
pumau rokiroki
● He pai ngā āhuatanga ārai-haehae o te Hydroxyethyl cellulose, ā, he nui te wā rokiroki peita. Ārai i te taunga o ngā tae me ngā whakakī. 4. Te whakamahinga: (1) Tāpirihia tika i te wā hanga. Ko tēnei tikanga te mea māmā rawa, ā, he poto rawa te wā e pau ana. Ko ngā mahi e whai ake nei: 1. Tāpirihia te wai parakore ki roto i tētahi peere nui kua rite ki tētahi mea whakaoho kutikuti teitei. 2. Tīmata ki te whakaoho tonu i te tere iti, ā, āta tātarihia te hydroxyethyl cellulose ki roto i te wairewa kia ōrite. 3. Me whakaoho tonu kia mākū katoa ngā matūriki. 4. Kātahi ka tāpirihia he rongoā harore me ngā momo tāpiri. Pēnei i ngā tae, ngā āwhina whakamarara, te wai haukini, me ētahi atu. 5. Whakaohokia kia memeha rawa te hydroxyethyl cellulose katoa (ka tino piki ake te matotoru o te wairewa) i mua i te tāpiri i ētahi atu wāhanga ki te tauira mō te tauhohenga. (2) Whakaritea te wai whaea hei whakamahi: Ko tēnei tikanga he whakarite i te wai whaea me te kukū teitei ake i te tuatahi, kātahi ka tāpirihia ki te hua. Ko te painga o tēnei tikanga he nui ake te ngāwari, ā, ka taea te tāpiri tika ki te hua kua oti, engari me penapena tika. He rite ngā mahi ki ngā mahi (1–4) i roto i te tikanga (1): ko te rerekētanga kāore e hiahiatia he kaiwhakaoho kutikuti-teitei, ko ētahi kaiwhakaoho he nui te kaha hei pupuri i te hydroxyethyl cellulose kia marara noa i roto i te otinga, me whakaoho tonu kia memeha rawatia hei otinga matotoru. Me mōhio me tāpiri te kaihoko harore ki te wai whaea i te wā e taea ai. V. Whakamahinga 1. Whakamahia i roto i te peita rapa wai: Ka taea te whakamahi i te HEC, hei colloid tiaki, i roto i te polymerization emulsion vinyl acetate hei whakapai ake i te pumau o te pūnaha polymerization i roto i te whānuitanga o ngā uara pH. I roto i te hanga o ngā hua kua oti, ka whakamahia ngā tāpiringa pēnei i ngā tae me ngā whakakī hei marara noa, hei whakau me te whakarato i ngā pānga matotoru. Ka taea hoki te whakamahi hei dispersant mō ngā polymer whakatārewatanga pēnei i te styrene, acrylate, me te propylene. Ka taea e te whakamahinga i roto i te peita rapa te whakapai ake i te mahi matotoru me te whakataurite. 2. Mō te keri hinu: Ka whakamahia te HEC hei whakamātotoru i roto i ngā paru maha e hiahiatia ana mō te keri, te whakatika puna, te whakapiri puna me te pakaru, kia pai ai te rere me te pumau o te paru. Ka whakapai ake i te kaha kawe paru i te wā keri, ā, ka ārai i te nui o te wai kei uru ki te paparanga hinu mai i te paru, ka pumau ai te kaha whakaputa o te paparanga hinu. 3. Whakamahia i roto i te hanganga whare me ngā rauemi hanga: Nā te kaha pupuri wai, he whakamātotoru me te here whai hua te HEC mō te paru sima me te moata. Ka taea te whakaranu ki roto i te moata hei whakapai ake i te rere me te mahi hanga, me te whakaroa i te wā mimiti wai, Whakapai ake i te kaha tuatahi o te raima me te karo i ngā pakaru. Ka taea e ia te whakapai ake i tōna kaha pupuri wai me te kaha piri ina whakamahia mō te parai parai, te piri parai, me te putty parai. 4. Whakamahia i roto i te paraihe niho: nā te kaha o tōna ātete ki te tote me te waikawa, ka taea e te HEC te whakarite i te pumau o te paraihe niho. Hei tāpiri, ehara i te mea ngāwari te maroke o te paraihe niho nā te kaha pupuri wai me te kaha whakaemulsifying. 5. Ina whakamahia ki te waituhi wai, ka taea e te HEC te whakamaroke wawe i te waituhi, ā, ka kore e uru te waituhi. Hei tāpiri, he whānuitia hoki te whakamahinga o te HEC ki te tā me te tae kakahu, ki te hanga pepa, ki ngā matū o ia rā, me ērā atu mea. 6. Ngā whakatūpato mō te whakamahi i te HEC: a. Te ātete wai: He ātete wai ngā momo HEC hydroxyethyl cellulose katoa. Ko te nui o te wai i raro iho i te 5% i te wā e wehe atu ana i te wheketere, engari nā ngā taiao kawe me te rokiroki rerekē, ka nui ake te nui o te wai i te wā e wehe atu ana i te wheketere. I te wā e whakamahia ana, inehia noa te nui o te wai, ka tangohia te taumaha o te wai i te wā e tatau ana. Kaua e whakaaturia ki te hau. b. He pahū te paura puehu: ki te mea kei te hau ngā paura waro katoa me te paura puehu hydroxyethyl cellulose i tētahi ōwehenga, ka pahū anō hoki ina tūtaki ki tētahi pū ahi. Me mahi tika kia kore ai e puta te paura puehu ki te hau i te nuinga o te wā. 7. Ngā whakatakotoranga mōkihi: He mea hanga te hua mai i te putea hiato pepa-kirihou kua whakakikoruatia ki te putea polyethylene o roto, me te taumaha kupenga o te 25 kg. Penapenahia ki te wāhi hauhautanga, maroke hoki i roto i te whare i te wā e penapena ana, ā, kia tūpato ki te makuku. Kia tūpato ki te tiaki i te ua me te rā i te wā e kawe ana. Ko te Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, e kiia nei ko (HPMC): Ko te hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) he paura ma, kāore he kakara, kāore he reka, kāore he paitini, e rua ngā momo: te tere tonu me te kore-tere tonu, te tere tonu. Ina tūtaki ki te wai matao, ka tere te marara ka ngaro ki roto i te wai. I tēnei wā, kāore he matotoru o te wai. I muri i te 2 meneti pea, ka piki ake te matotoru o te wai, ka hanga he koroka matotoru mārama. Momo kore-tere tonu: Ka taea anake te whakamahi i roto i ngā hua paura maroke pēnei i te paura putty me te moata sima. Kāore e taea te whakamahi i roto i te kāpia wai me te peita, ā, ka piri.
Wā tuku: Hakihea-26-2022