Foda ta putty galibi tana ƙunshe da abubuwan da ke samar da fim (kayan haɗawa), abubuwan cikawa, abubuwan riƙe ruwa, masu kauri, masu cire kumfa, da sauransu. Kayan da aka fi amfani da su a cikin foda ta putty galibi sun haɗa da: cellulose, sitaci mai narkewa, sitaci ether, polyvinyl alcohol, foda mai narkewa na latex, da sauransu. Ana nazarin aikin da amfani da kayan sinadarai daban-daban ɗaya bayan ɗaya a ƙasa.
1: Ma'anar da bambancin zare, cellulose da cellulose ether
Zare (Amurka: Zare; Turanci: Zare) yana nufin wani abu da ya ƙunshi zare masu ci gaba ko marasa ci gaba. Kamar zaren shuka, gashin dabbobi, zaren siliki, zaren roba, da sauransu.
Cellulose wani sinadari ne mai yawan sinadarin polysaccharide wanda ya ƙunshi glucose kuma shine babban sinadari na bangon ƙwayoyin shuka. A zafin jiki na ɗaki, cellulose ba ya narkewa a cikin ruwa ko kuma a cikin sinadarai na halitta. Yawan sinadarin cellulose na auduga yana kusa da kashi 100%, wanda hakan ya sa ya zama mafi tsaftar tushen cellulose na halitta. Gabaɗaya, cellulose yana da kashi 40-50%, kuma akwai 10-30% hemicellulose da 20-30% lignin. Bambanci tsakanin cellulose (dama) da sitaci (hagu):
Gabaɗaya dai, sitaci da cellulose polysaccharides ne na macromolecular, kuma ana iya bayyana tsarin kwayoyin halitta a matsayin (C6H10O5)n. Nauyin kwayoyin halitta na cellulose ya fi na sitaci girma, kuma ana iya raba cellulose don samar da sitaci. Cellulose shine D-glucose da β-1,4 glycoside Macromolecular polysaccharides waɗanda suka ƙunshi haɗin gwiwa, yayin da sitaci ke samar da haɗin gwiwa na α-1,4 glycoside. Cellulose ba shi da reshe, amma sitaci yana da reshe na glycosidic bonds 1,6. Cellulose ba shi da kyau narkewa a cikin ruwa, yayin da sitaci yana narkewa a cikin ruwan zafi. Cellulose ba shi da tausayi ga amylase kuma baya canzawa zuwa shuɗi lokacin da aka fallasa shi ga iodine.
Sunan cellulose ether na Turanci shine cellulose ether, wanda wani sinadari ne na polymer wanda ke da tsarin ether da aka yi da cellulose. Yana da samfurin amsawar sinadarai na cellulose (shuka) tare da wakilin etherification. Dangane da rarrabuwar tsarin sinadarai na maye gurbin bayan etherification, ana iya raba shi zuwa anionic, cationic da nonionic ethers. Dangane da wakilin etherification da aka yi amfani da shi, akwai methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose da phenyl cellulose, da sauransu. A cikin masana'antar gini, ana kuma kiran cellulose ether cellulose, wanda shine sunan da ba daidai ba, kuma ana kiransa cellulose (ko ether) daidai. Tsarin kauri na cellulose ether thickener Cellulose ether thickener wani abu ne wanda ba ionic ba, wanda ke kauri galibi ta hanyar ruwa da haɗuwa tsakanin kwayoyin halitta. Sarkar polymer ta cellulose ether tana da sauƙin samar da haɗin hydrogen tare da ruwa a cikin ruwa, kuma haɗin hydrogen yana sa ta sami isasshen ruwa da haɗuwa tsakanin ƙwayoyin halitta.
Idan aka ƙara sinadarin cellulose ether mai kauri a cikin fenti na latex, yana shan ruwa mai yawa, yana sa girmansa ya faɗaɗa sosai, yana rage sararin da ba a iya samu don launuka, abubuwan cikawa da ƙwayoyin latex ba; a lokaci guda, sarƙoƙin ƙwayoyin cellulose ether suna haɗuwa don samar da tsarin hanyar sadarwa mai girma uku, kuma abubuwan cikawa da ƙwayoyin latex suna cikin tsakiyar raga kuma ba za su iya gudana cikin 'yanci ba. A ƙarƙashin waɗannan tasirin guda biyu, an inganta ɗanɗanon tsarin! An cimma tasirin kauri da muke buƙata!
Cellulose na gama gari (ether): Gabaɗaya, cellulose a kasuwa yana nufin hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl galibi ana amfani da shi don fenti, fenti na latex, kuma ana amfani da hydroxypropyl methylcellulose don turmi, putty da sauran kayayyaki. Ana amfani da Carboxymethyl cellulose don foda putty na yau da kullun don bangon ciki. Carboxymethyl cellulose, wanda aka fi sani da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, wanda aka fi sani da (CMC): Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) foda ne mara guba, mara ƙamshi mai ƙarfi tare da aiki mai karko kuma yana narkewa cikin ruwa cikin sauƙi. Alkaline ko alkaline transparent viscous liquid, mai narkewa a cikin wasu manne da resins masu narkewa cikin ruwa, wanda ba ya narkewa a cikin sinadarai na halitta kamar ethanol. Ana iya amfani da CMC azaman mai ɗaurewa, mai kauri, wakili mai dakatarwa, emulsifier, mai wargazawa, mai daidaita girma, da sauransu. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) shine samfurin da ke da mafi girman fitarwa, mafi yawan amfani, kuma mafi sauƙin amfani tsakanin cellulose ethers, wanda aka fi sani da "monosodium glutamate na masana'antu". Carboxymethyl cellulose yana da ayyukan ɗaurewa, kauri, ƙarfafawa, emulsifying, riƙe ruwa da kuma dakatarwa. 1. Amfani da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a masana'antar abinci: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ba wai kawai kyakkyawan mai daidaita emulsification da kauri bane a aikace-aikacen abinci, amma kuma yana da kyakkyawan kwanciyar hankali na daskarewa da narkewa, kuma yana iya inganta Ɗanɗanon samfurin yana tsawaita lokacin ajiya. 2. Amfani da sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a masana'antar magunguna: ana iya amfani da shi azaman mai daidaita emulsion don allura, mai ɗaurewa da wakili mai samar da fim don allunan a masana'antar magunguna. 3. Ana iya amfani da CMC azaman wakili mai hana narkewa, emulsifier, mai wargazawa, wakili mai daidaita, da manne don rufewa. Yana iya sa abun da ke cikin murfin ya zama ya rarraba daidai a cikin ruwan da ke narkewa, don kada murfin ya daɗe. Hakanan ana amfani da shi sosai a cikin fenti. 4. Ana iya amfani da sinadarin sodium carboxymethyl cellulose a matsayin flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, ruwa retainer agent, size agent, film-forming product, da sauransu. Haka kuma ana amfani da shi sosai a fannin lantarki, magungunan kashe kwari, fata, robobi, bugu, yumbu, masana'antar sinadarai ta yau da kullun da sauran fannoni, kuma saboda kyakkyawan aikinsa da kuma yawan amfani da shi, yana ci gaba da haɓaka sabbin fannoni na aikace-aikace, kuma kasuwar tana da faɗi sosai. Misalan aikace-aikace: foda na waje na waje na foda na ciki na bango na putty 1 Foda Shuangfei: 600-650kg 1 Foda Shuangfei: 1000kg 2 Farin siminti: 400-350kg 2 Sitaci mai pregelatinized: 5-6kg 3 Sitaci mai pregelatinized: 5 -6kg 3 CMC: 10-15kg ko HPMC2.5-3kg4 CMC: 10-15kg ko HPMC2.5-3kg na Putty foda da aka ƙara carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, aikin sitaci mai pregelatinized: ① Yana da kyakkyawan ikon kauri da sauri; aikin haɗawa, da wasu riƙe ruwa; ② Inganta ikon hana zamiya (lalacewa) na kayan, inganta aikin aiki na kayan, da kuma sa aikin ya yi laushi; tsawaita lokacin buɗe kayan. ③ Bayan bushewa, saman yana da santsi, baya faɗuwa daga foda, yana da kyawawan kaddarorin samar da fim kuma babu ƙage. ④ Mafi mahimmanci, yawan amfani da shi ƙanƙanta ne, kuma ƙarancin amfani da shi zai iya samun babban tasiri; a lokaci guda, farashin samarwa yana raguwa da kusan 10-20%. A cikin masana'antar gini, ana amfani da CMC wajen samar da preforms na siminti, wanda zai iya rage asarar ruwa kuma ya zama abin hana ruwa. Ko da ga manyan gine-gine, yana iya inganta ƙarfin siminti da sauƙaƙe preforms su faɗi daga membrane. Wani babban dalili kuma shine goge faren bango da foda putty, manna putty, wanda zai iya adana kayan gini da yawa da kuma haɓaka Layer mai kariya da haske na bango. Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, wanda aka sani da (HEC): dabarar sinadarai:
1. Gabatarwa ga hydroxyethyl cellulose: Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) wani sinadari ne na cellulose wanda ba ionic ba wanda aka yi shi da cellulose na halitta na polymer ta hanyar jerin hanyoyin sinadarai. Farin foda ne mara ƙamshi, mara ɗanɗano, mara guba, wanda za'a iya narkar da shi a cikin ruwan sanyi don samar da mafita mai haske, kuma ƙimar pH ba ta shafar narkewar. Yana da kauri, ɗaurewa, warwatsewa, emulsifying, samar da fim, dakatarwa, shawa, aiki a saman, riƙe danshi da kuma juriya ga gishiri.
2. Alamun Fasaha Tsarin Aiki Bayyanar Foda fari ko rawaya Sauyawar molar (MS) 1.8-2.8 Ruwan da ba ya narkewa (%) ≤ 0.5 Asarar bushewa (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Ragowar wuta (WT%) ≤ 5.0 PH ƙimar 6.0- 8.5 Danko (mPa.s) 2%, 30000, 60000, 100000 maganin ruwa a 20°C Uku, fa'idodin hydroxyethyl cellulose Babban tasirin kauri
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana ba da kyawawan kaddarorin rufewa don murfin latex, musamman ma rufin PVA mai yawa. Ba a samun flocculation idan fenti ya yi kauri.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da tasirin kauri mafi girma. Yana iya rage yawan amfani, inganta yanayin dabarar, da kuma inganta juriyar gogewar shafa.
Kyakkyawan halayen rheological
● Maganin ruwa na hydroxyethyl cellulose tsarin da ba na Newtonian ba ne, kuma mallakar maganinsa ana kiransa thixotropy.
● A yanayin da ba ya canzawa, bayan an narkar da samfurin gaba ɗaya, tsarin rufewa yana kiyaye mafi kyawun yanayin kauri da buɗewa.
● A yanayin zuba, tsarin yana riƙe da ɗanko mai matsakaici, don haka samfurin yana da kyakkyawan ruwa kuma ba zai fantsama ba.
● Idan aka shafa shi da burushi da abin nadi, samfurin yana bazuwa cikin sauƙi a kan abin da aka yi amfani da shi. Yana da sauƙin ginawa. A lokaci guda kuma, yana da kyakkyawan juriya ga fesawa.
● A ƙarshe, bayan an gama shafa, ɗanɗanon tsarin zai dawo nan take, kuma shafan zai yi laushi nan take.
Watsawa da Narkewa
● Ana yi wa Hydroxyethyl cellulose magani da jinkirin narkewa, wanda zai iya hana haɗuwa sosai idan aka ƙara busasshen foda. Bayan tabbatar da cewa foda HEC ya warwatse sosai, sai a fara shaƙa ruwa.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose tare da ingantaccen maganin saman zai iya daidaita saurin narkewa da kuma yawan ƙaruwar danko na samfurin.
kwanciyar hankali na ajiya
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose yana da kyawawan kaddarorin hana mildew kuma yana ba da isasshen lokacin adana fenti. Yana hana launuka da abubuwan cikawa su kwanta yadda ya kamata. 4. Yadda ake amfani da shi: (1) Ƙara kai tsaye yayin samarwa Wannan hanya ita ce mafi sauƙi kuma tana ɗaukar ɗan gajeren lokaci. Matakan sune kamar haka: 1. Ƙara ruwa mai tsarki a cikin babban bokiti wanda aka sanye da babban abin da ke motsa gashi. 2. Fara juyawa akai-akai a cikin ƙaramin gudu kuma a hankali a tace hydroxyethyl cellulose a cikin maganin daidai gwargwado. 3. Ci gaba da juyawa har sai dukkan ƙwayoyin sun jike. 4. Sannan a ƙara maganin antifungal da ƙari daban-daban. Kamar pigments, abubuwan da ke warwatsewa, ruwan ammonia, da sauransu. 5. A juya har sai dukkan hydroxyethyl cellulose ya narke gaba ɗaya (danko na maganin yana ƙaruwa sosai) kafin a ƙara wasu abubuwan a cikin dabarar don amsawa. (2) A shirya ruwan 'ya'yan itace don amfani: Wannan hanyar ita ce a shirya ruwan 'ya'yan itace mai yawan gaske da farko, sannan a ƙara shi a cikin samfurin. Amfanin wannan hanyar shine yana da ƙarin sassauci kuma ana iya ƙara shi kai tsaye zuwa samfurin da aka gama, amma dole ne a adana shi yadda ya kamata. Matakan sun yi kama da matakai (1-4) a cikin hanya (1): bambancin shine babu buƙatar mai tayar da hankali mai ƙarfi, sai dai wasu masu tayar da hankali waɗanda ke da isasshen ƙarfi don kiyaye hydroxyethyl cellulose a warwatse a cikin maganin, suna ci gaba da juyawa har sai sun narke gaba ɗaya ya zama ruwan da ke da ƙazanta. Ya kamata a lura cewa dole ne a ƙara wakilin antifungal a cikin ruwan giya da wuri-wuri. V. Aikace-aikacen 1. Ana amfani da shi a cikin fenti na latex mai tushen ruwa: Ana iya amfani da HEC, a matsayin colloid mai kariya, a cikin polymerization na emulsion na vinyl acetate don inganta kwanciyar hankali na tsarin polymerization a cikin kewayon ƙimar pH. A cikin ƙera samfuran da aka gama, ana amfani da ƙari kamar pigments da fillers don warwatsewa, daidaita da samar da tasirin kauri iri ɗaya. Hakanan ana iya amfani da shi azaman mai watsawa don polymers masu dakatarwa kamar styrene, acrylate, da propylene. Amfani da shi a cikin fenti na latex na iya inganta aikin kauri da daidaita shi sosai. 2. Dangane da haƙa mai: Ana amfani da HEC a matsayin mai kauri a cikin laka daban-daban da ake buƙata don haƙa, gyara rijiyoyi, siminti da ayyukan karyewa, don laka ta sami ruwa mai kyau da kwanciyar hankali. Inganta ƙarfin ɗaukar laka yayin haƙa, da kuma hana ruwa mai yawa shiga layin mai daga laka, yana daidaita ƙarfin samar da layin mai. 3. Ana amfani da shi a cikin ginin gini da kayan gini: Saboda ƙarfinsa na riƙe ruwa, HEC ingantaccen mai kauri ne da manne don slurry da turmi na siminti. Ana iya haɗa shi da turmi don inganta ruwa da aikin gini, da kuma tsawaita lokacin ƙafewar ruwa, Inganta ƙarfin siminti na farko da kuma guje wa tsagewa. Yana iya inganta ƙarfin riƙe ruwa da haɗinsa sosai lokacin da ake amfani da shi don yin siminti, haɗa siminti, da putty na siminti. 4. Ana amfani da shi a cikin man goge baki: saboda ƙarfinsa ga gishiri da acid, HEC na iya tabbatar da kwanciyar hankalin man goge baki. Bugu da ƙari, man goge baki ba shi da sauƙin bushewa saboda ƙarfin riƙe ruwa da kuma emulsion. 5. Idan aka yi amfani da shi a cikin tawada mai ruwa, HEC na iya sa tawada ta bushe da sauri kuma ta hana shiga cikin ruwa. Bugu da ƙari, ana amfani da HEC sosai a cikin bugu da rini na yadi, yin takarda, sinadarai na yau da kullun da sauransu. 6. Gargaɗi don amfani da HEC: a. Hygroscopicity: Duk nau'ikan hydroxyethyl cellulose HEC suna da hygroscopic. Yawan ruwan gabaɗaya yana ƙasa da 5% lokacin barin masana'anta, amma saboda yanayin sufuri da ajiya daban-daban, yawan ruwan zai fi girma fiye da lokacin barin masana'anta. Lokacin amfani da shi, kawai auna yawan ruwan kuma rage nauyin ruwan lokacin lissafi. Kada a fallasa shi ga sararin samaniya. b. Foda ƙura tana fashewa: idan duk foda na halitta da foda ƙurar hydroxyethyl cellulose suna cikin iska a wani yanki, za su kuma fashe lokacin da suka haɗu da wurin wuta. Ya kamata a yi aiki mai kyau don guje wa ƙurar ƙura a cikin yanayi gwargwadon iko. 7. Bayanin marufi: An yi samfurin da jakar takarda-roba mai rufi da jakar ciki ta polyethylene, tare da nauyin 25 kg. A adana a cikin gida mai iska da bushewa lokacin adanawa, kuma a kula da danshi. Kula da ruwan sama da kariyar rana yayin jigilar kaya. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, wanda aka fi sani da (HPMC): hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) foda ne mara ƙamshi, mara ɗanɗano, mara guba, akwai nau'ikan foda guda biyu na gaggawa da mara gaggawa, nan take. Idan aka haɗu da ruwan sanyi, yana watsewa da sauri ya ɓace cikin ruwa. A wannan lokacin, ruwan ba shi da ɗanɗano. Bayan kimanin mintuna 2, ɗanɗanon ruwan yana ƙaruwa, yana samar da colloid mai haske. Nau'in da ba na gaggawa ba: Ana iya amfani da shi ne kawai a cikin busassun foda kamar foda putty da turmi siminti. Ba za a iya amfani da shi a cikin manne da fenti na ruwa ba, kuma za a sami taruwa.
Lokacin Saƙo: Disamba-26-2022