Ihe mejupụtara ntụ ntụ Putty bụ ihe ndị na-emepụta fim (ihe ndị na-ejikọta ihe), ihe ndị na-ejupụta ihe, ihe ndị na-ejide mmiri, ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe ndị na-eme ka ihe ghara ịdị ọcha, wdg. Ihe ndị e ji emepụta kemịkalụ organic eme na ntụ ntụ putty gụnyere: cellulose, starch pregelatinized, starch ether, polyvinyl alcohol, ntụ ntụ latex a na-agbaze agbaze, wdg. A na-enyocha arụmọrụ na ojiji nke ihe ndị dị iche iche na kemịkalụ otu otu n'okpuru.
1: Nkọwa na ọdịiche dị n'etiti eriri, cellulose na cellulose ether
Eriri (US: Eriri; Bekee: Eriri) na-ezo aka na ihe mejupụtara eriri na-aga n'ihu ma ọ bụ nke na-akwụsị akwụsị. Dịka eriri osisi, ajị anụmanụ, eriri silk, eriri sịntetik, wdg.
Cellulose bụ polysaccharide macromolecular nke mejupụtara glucose, ọ bụkwa isi ihe mejupụtara mgbidi mkpụrụ osisi. N'ọnọdụ okpomọkụ ụlọ, cellulose anaghị agbaze na mmiri ma ọ bụ na ihe ndị na-agbaze organic nkịtị. Ọdịnaya cellulose nke owu dị ihe dị ka 100%, nke na-eme ka ọ bụrụ isi iyi kachasị ọcha nke cellulose. N'ozuzu osisi, cellulose bụ 40-50%, enwere 10-30% hemicellulose na 20-30% lignin. Ihe dị iche n'etiti cellulose (aka nri) na starch (aka ekpe):
N'ozuzu, ma starch ma cellulose bụ macromolecular polysaccharides, a pụkwara ịkọwa usoro molekul dị ka (C6H10O5)n. Ibu molekul nke cellulose buru ibu karịa nke starch, a pụkwara ịgbaze cellulose iji mepụta starch. Cellulose bụ D-glucose na β-1,4 glycoside Macromolecular polysaccharides nke ejiri njikọ mee, ebe starch na-etolite site na α-1,4 glycosides. Cellulose anaghị ejikọta alaka, mana starch na-ejikọta site na 1,6 glycosidic bonds. Cellulose anaghị agbaze nke ọma na mmiri, ebe starch na-agbaze na mmiri ọkụ. Cellulose anaghị enwe mmetụta na amylase ma ọ naghị acha anụnụ anụnụ mgbe e tinyere ya na iodine.
Aha Bekee nke cellulose ether bụ cellulose ether, nke bụ ngwakọta polymer nwere nhazi ether nke e ji cellulose mee. Ọ bụ ngwaahịa nke mmeghachi omume kemịkalụ nke cellulose (osisi) na ihe nnọchite anya etherification. Dịka nhazi nhazi kemịkalụ nke ihe nnọchite anya mgbe etherification gasịrị si dị, enwere ike kewaa ya n'ime anionic, cationic na nonionic ethers. Dabere na ihe nnọchite anya etherification ejiri, enwere methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose na phenyl cellulose, wdg. N'ụlọ ọrụ owuwu, a na-akpọkwa cellulose ether cellulose, nke bụ aha na-adịghị mma, a na-akpọkwa ya cellulose (ma ọ bụ ether) nke ọma. Usoro isi ike nke cellulose ether thickener Cellulose ether thickener bụ ihe na-adịghị ion thickener, nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike karịsịa site na mmiri na njikọ n'etiti molekul. Ọ dị mfe ịmepụta njikọ polima nke cellulose ether na mmiri n'ime mmiri, njikọ hydrogen na-emekwa ka ọ nwee mmiri dị elu ma na-ejikọta ya na molekul.
Mgbe etinyere ihe na-eme ka cellulose ether thickener dị n'ime agba latex, ọ na-amịkọrọ nnukwu mmiri, na-eme ka olu nke ya gbasaa nke ukwuu, na-ebelata oghere efu maka agba, ihe na-ejupụta na ihe na-eme ka latex dị; n'otu oge ahụ, a na-ejikọ agbụ molekul cellulose ether iji mepụta nhazi netwọk atọ, a na-etinyekwa ihe na-ejupụta agba na ihe na-eme ka latex dị n'etiti mesh ahụ ma ghara ịgafe n'efu. N'okpuru mmetụta abụọ a, a na-eme ka viscosity nke sistemụ ahụ ka mma! Emezuwo mmetụta thickening anyị chọrọ!
Cellulose nkịtị (ether): N'ozuzu, cellulose dị n'ahịa na-ezo aka na hydroxypropyl, a na-ejikarị hydroxyethyl eme ihe maka agba, agba latex, a na-ejikwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose eme ihe maka morta, putty na ngwaahịa ndị ọzọ. A na-eji Carboxymethyl cellulose eme ihe maka ntụ ntụ putty nkịtị maka mgbidi dị n'ime ụlọ. Carboxymethyl cellulose, nke a makwaara dị ka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, nke a na-akpọ (CMC): Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha na-adịghị egbu egbu, nke na-enweghị isi, nke na-arụ ọrụ siri ike ma dịkwa mfe ịgbaze na mmiri. Mmiri alkaline ma ọ bụ alkaline transparent viscous, nke a na-agbaze na glues na resins ndị ọzọ na-agbaze na mmiri, nke na-anaghị agbaze na ihe mgbaze organic dị ka ethanol. Enwere ike iji CMC dị ka ihe na-ejikọ, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe sie ike, ihe na-eme ka ihe ghara ịgbaze ... Carboxymethyl cellulose nwere ọrụ nke ijikọ, ime ka ihe sie ike, ime ka ihe sie ike, ime ka ihe dị ọcha, idobe mmiri na nkwụsịtụ. 1. Itinye sodium carboxymethyl cellulose n'ọrụ nri: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose abụghị naanị ezigbo ihe na-eme ka ihe dị arọ na ihe na-eme ka ihe dị arọ sie ike n'ọrụ nri, kamakwa ọ nwere ezigbo nkwụsi ike na ịgbaze agbaze, ma nwee ike imeziwanye uto nke ngwaahịa a na-eme ka oge nchekwa dịkwuo ogologo. 2. Ojiji nke sodium carboxymethyl cellulose n'ọrụ ọgwụ: enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro maka ịgba ntụtụ, ihe na-ejikọ ihe na ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri maka mbadamba na ụlọ ọrụ ọgwụ. 3. Enwere ike iji CMC dị ka ihe na-egbochi ime ka ihe dị nro, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị nro, ihe na-agbasa, ihe na-eme ka ihe dị larịị, na ihe na-arapara maka mkpuchi. Ọ nwere ike ime ka ọdịnaya siri ike nke mkpuchi ahụ kesaa nke ọma na ihe mgbaze ahụ, ka mkpuchi ahụ ghara ịgbawa ruo ogologo oge. A na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na agba. 4. Enwere ike iji Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mee ihe dị ka flocculant, chelating agent, emulsifier, thickener, ihe na-ejide mmiri, ihe na-emepụta nha, ihe na-emepụta ihe nkiri, wdg. A na-ejikwa ya nke ọma na eletrọniki, ọgwụ nje, akpụkpọ anụ, plastik, mbipụta, seramiiki, ụlọ ọrụ kemịkalụ nke a na-eji kwa ụbọchị na ngalaba ndị ọzọ, n'ihi arụmọrụ ya dị mma na ọtụtụ ojiji ya, ọ na-emepe ebe ọhụrụ maka ojiji mgbe niile, atụmanya ahịa dịkwa oke ukwuu. Ihe atụ ojiji: ntụ ntụ putty mgbidi mpụta usoro ntụ ntụ putty mgbidi ime 1 Ntụ Shuangfei: 600-650kg 1 Ntụ Shuangfei: 1000kg 2 Simenti ọcha: 400-350kg 2 Ntụ ọka pregelatinized: 5-6kg 3 Ntụ ọka pregelatinized: 5 -6kg 3 CMC: 10-15kg ma ọ bụ HPMC2.5-3kg 4 CMC: 10-15kg ma ọ bụ HPMC2.5-3kg Ntụ ọka Putty agbakwunyere carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, arụmọrụ starch pregelatinized: ① Nwere ezigbo ikike ịka nká ngwa ngwa; arụmọrụ njikọ, na ụfọdụ njigide mmiri; ② Meziwanye ikike mgbochi ịmịda (ịda) nke ihe ahụ, melite arụmọrụ ọrụ nke ihe ahụ, ma mee ka ọrụ ahụ dị nro; mee ka oge mmeghe nke ihe ahụ dịkwuo ogologo. ③ Mgbe ọ kpọchara nkụ, elu ahụ dị ire ụtọ, anaghị adapụ na ntụ, nwere ezigbo ihe na-akpụ ihe nkiri na enweghị ọkọ. ④ Ihe kacha mkpa bụ na usoro onunu ogwu a pere mpe, oke onunu ogwu a pere mpe nwere ike ime ka o nwee nnukwu mmetụta; n'otu oge ahụ, a na-ebelata ọnụ ahịa mmepụta ihe site na ihe dị ka 10-20%. N'ụlọ ọrụ owuwu ihe owuwu, a na-eji CMC eme ihe na mmepụta nke ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe eji eme ihe, nke nwere ike ibelata mmiri ma mee ka ọ bụrụ ihe na-egbochi ihe. Ọbụna maka nnukwu owuwu, ọ nwekwara ike ime ka ike nke simenti ka mma ma mee ka ihe ndị eji eme ihe dị mfe ịdapụ na akpụkpọ ahụ. Isi ihe ọzọ bụ ịchacha mgbidi ahụ ọcha na ntụ ntụ putty, pasta putty, nke nwere ike ịchekwa ọtụtụ ihe owuwu ma mee ka oyi akwa nchebe na ìhè nke mgbidi ahụ dịkwuo mma. Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, nke a na-akpọ (HEC): usoro kemịkalụ:
1. Okwu Mmalite nke hydroxyethyl cellulose: Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) bụ cellulose ether nke na-abụghị ionic nke e ji cellulose ihe polymer eke mee site na usoro usoro kemịkalụ. Ọ bụ ntụ ntụ ọcha ma ọ bụ granule na-enweghị isi, enweghị uto, na-adịghị egbu egbu, nke enwere ike ịgbaze na mmiri oyi iji mepụta mmiri viscous doro anya, uru pH anaghị emetụta mgbasa ya. Ọ nwere ihe na-eme ka ọ sie ike, na-ejikọ, na-agbasa, na-eme ka ihe dị nro, na-akpụ ihe nkiri, na-egbochi, na-adọrọ adọrọ, na-arụ ọrụ n'elu, na-ejide mmiri na ihe na-eguzogide nnu.
2. Ihe ngosi teknụzụ Ụkpụrụ ọrụ Ọdịdị ntụ ntụ ọcha ma ọ bụ odo odo Mgbanwe molar (MS) 1.8-2.8 Ihe na-anaghị agbaze mmiri (%) ≤ 0.5 Mfu mgbe akọrọ (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Ihe fọdụrụ mgbe a na-agba ọkụ (WT%) ≤ 5.0 uru PH 6.0- 8.5 Viscosity (mPa.s) 2%, 30000, 60000, 100000 mmiri ngwọta na 20°C Atọ, uru nke hydroxyethyl cellulose Mmetụta siri ike
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose na-enye ezigbo ihe mkpuchi maka mkpuchi latex, ọkachasị mkpuchi PVA dị elu. Ọ dịghị ejupụta na agba mgbe agba ahụ dị oke arọ.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere mmetụta dị elu nke na-eme ka ọ sie ike. Ọ nwere ike ibelata dose ahụ, melite njikwa nke usoro ahụ, ma melite iguzogide scrub nke mkpuchi ahụ.
Njirimara rheological dị mma
● Mmiri mmiri nke hydroxyethyl cellulose bụ usoro na-abụghị nke Newtonian, a na-akpọkwa ihe onwunwe nke ngwọta ya thixotropy.
● N'ọnọdụ kwụ ọtọ, mgbe ngwaahịa ahụ gbazere kpamkpam, sistemụ mkpuchi ahụ na-ejigide ọnọdụ kachasị mma nke ịcha na imepe.
● N'ọnọdụ mmiri, sistemụ ahụ na-ejigide oke viscosity, nke mere na ngwaahịa ahụ nwere ezigbo mmiri mmiri ma ghara ịgbasa.
● Mgbe ejiri ahịhịa na ihe e ji agbanye ihe mee ya, ngwaahịa ahụ na-agbasa ngwa ngwa n'elu ihe ndị e ji kpuchie ya. Ọ dị mfe ịrụ. N'otu oge ahụ, ọ na-eguzogide mmiri nke ọma.
● N'ikpeazụ, mgbe mkpuchi ahụ gwụchara, ike nke sistemu ahụ na-agbake ozugbo, mkpuchi ahụ na-agbaze ozugbo.
Mgbasa na Mgbaze
● A na-agwọ Hydroxyethyl cellulose site n'ịgbaze ya n'oge na-adịghị anya, nke nwere ike igbochi nchikọta nke ọma mgbe etinyere ntụ kpọrọ nkụ. Mgbe ị hụchara na ntụ HEC agbasaala nke ọma, malite ịmịnye mmiri.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ọgwụgwọ elu kwesịrị ekwesị nwere ike ịgbanwe ọnụego mgbasa na ọnụego mmụba nke ngwaahịa ahụ nke ọma.
nkwụsi ike nchekwa
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose nwere ezigbo ihe mgbochi mildew ma na-enye oge nchekwa agba zuru oke. Na-egbochi agba na ihe ndị na-ejupụta ya ka ha ghara ịda. 4. Otu esi eji ya: (1) Tinye ozugbo n'oge mmepụta. Usoro a bụ nke kachasị mfe ma na-ewe oge kacha nta. Nzọụkwụ ndị a bụ ndị a: 1. Tinye mmiri dị ọcha n'ime nnukwu bọket nwere ihe na-akpali akpali dị elu. 2. Malite ịkpalite ya mgbe niile n'ọsọ dị ala ma jiri nwayọ fụchaa hydroxyethyl cellulose n'ime ngwọta ahụ nke ọma. 3. Gaa n'ihu na-akpali ruo mgbe ihe niile ga-amịkọrọ. 4. Mgbe ahụ tinye ihe na-egbochi nje na ihe mgbakwunye dị iche iche. Dị ka agba, ihe enyemaka mgbasa, mmiri ammonia, wdg. 5. Gwakọta ruo mgbe hydroxyethyl cellulose niile gbazee kpamkpam (viscosity nke ngwọta ahụ na-abawanye nke ukwuu) tupu etinye ihe ndị ọzọ na usoro maka mmeghachi omume. (2) Kwadebe mmanya nne maka ojiji: Usoro a bụ ịkwadebe mmanya nne nwere oke njupụta mbụ, wee tinye ya na ngwaahịa ahụ. Uru nke usoro a bụ na ọ nwere ike ịgbanwe agbanwe ma enwere ike itinye ya ozugbo na ngwaahịa emechara, mana a ga-echekwa ya nke ọma. Usoro ndị a yiri usoro (1–4) na usoro (1): ihe dị iche bụ na ọ dịghị mkpa ka ihe na-akpali akpali dị elu, naanị ụfọdụ ihe na-akpali akpali nwere ike zuru oke iji mee ka hydroxyethyl cellulose gbasaa n'otu ụzọ ahụ na ngwọta ahụ, na-aga n'ihu na-akpali ruo mgbe ọ ga-agbaze kpamkpam ka ọ bụrụ ihe ngwọta viscous. A ga-amarịrị na a ga-agbakwunye ihe na-akpata antifungal na mmanya nne ozugbo enwere ike. V. Ngwa 1. Ejiri ya na agba latex nke mmiri: Enwere ike iji HEC, dị ka colloid nchebe, na polymerization emulsion vinyl acetate iji melite nkwụsi ike nke sistemụ polymerization na ọtụtụ uru pH. N'imepụta ngwaahịa emechara, a na-eji ihe mgbakwunye dị ka pigments na ihe na-ejupụta iji gbasaa, kwụsie ike ma nye mmetụta ọkpụrụkpụ n'otu aka ahụ. Enwere ike iji ya dị ka ihe na-agbasa maka polymers nkwụsịtụ dị ka styrene, acrylate, na propylene. Ejiri ya na agba latex nwere ike ime ka arụmọrụ ọkpụrụkpụ na ọkwa dị elu ka mma. 2. Maka igwu mmanụ: A na-eji HEC eme ihe dị ka ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ n'ọtụtụ apịtị dị iche iche achọrọ maka igwu ala, idozi olulu mmiri, ime ka simenti na ọrụ mgbawa gbawaa, ka apịtị ahụ wee nwee ike ịnweta ezigbo mmiri mmiri na nkwụsi ike. Meziwanye ikike ibu apịtị n'oge igwu ala, ma gbochie nnukwu mmiri ịbanye n'ime akwa mmanụ site na apịtị ahụ, na-eme ka ikike mmepụta nke oyi akwa mmanụ sie ike. 3. A na-eji ya arụ ụlọ na ihe owuwu ụlọ: N'ihi ikike ijide mmiri siri ike ya, HEC bụ ihe na-eme ka ọ dị arọ ma na-ejikọ simenti na ngwa agha. Enwere ike ịgwakọta ya na ngwa agha iji melite mmiri mmiri na arụmọrụ owuwu, yana iji mee ka oge mmiri gbapụta, Meziwanye ike mbụ nke simenti ma zere mgbawa. Ọ nwere ike imeziwanye ike ijide mmiri na njikọ ya nke ukwuu mgbe ejiri ya mee ihe maka ite plasta, ite njikọ, na putty plasta. 4. A na-eji ya eme ihe na ezé ezé: n'ihi ike siri ike ya na nnu na acid, HEC nwere ike hụ na ezé ezé kwụsiri ike. Na mgbakwunye, ezé ezé adịghị mfe ịkpọ nkụ n'ihi ike ijide mmiri siri ike ya na ime ka ọ dị nro. 5. Mgbe ejiri ya na ink nke e ji mmiri mee, HEC nwere ike ime ka ink kpọọ nkụ ngwa ngwa ma ghara ịbanye n'ime mmiri. Na mgbakwunye, a na-ejikwa HEC eme ihe nke ukwuu n'ibipụta ákwà na agba agba, ime akwụkwọ, kemịkalụ kwa ụbọchị na ihe ndị ọzọ. 6. Ihe Ndị A Ga-akpachara Anya Maka Iji HEC: a. Hygroscopicity: Ụdị hydroxyethyl cellulose HEC niile bụ hygroscopic. Mmiri dị n'ime ya na-adịkarị ala karịa 5% mgbe ị na-apụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe, mana n'ihi ebe dị iche iche e si ebuga na ebe nchekwa, mmiri dị n'ime ya ga-adị elu karịa mgbe ị na-apụ n'ụlọ ọrụ mmepụta ihe. Mgbe ị na-eji ya, tụọ mmiri dị n'ime ya ma wepụ ibu mmiri ahụ mgbe ị na-agbakọ ya. Ekpughela ya na ikuku. b. Ntụ uzuzu na-agbawa agbawa: ọ bụrụ na ntụ ntụ organic niile na ntụ uzuzu hydroxyethyl cellulose dị n'ikuku n'ókè ụfọdụ, ha ga-agbawakwa mgbe ha zutere ebe ọkụ. Ekwesịrị ime ọrụ kwesịrị ekwesị iji zere ntụ uzuzu n'ikuku ruo n'ókè o kwere mee. 7. Nkọwapụta nkwakọ ngwaahịa: Ejiri akpa plastik nke e ji akwụkwọ mee nke e ji akpa ime polyethylene kpuchie, nke nwere ibu dị kilogram 25. Debe n'ime ụlọ ebe ikuku na-abata ma kpọọ nkụ mgbe ị na-echekwa ya, ma lezie anya na mmiri mmiri. Lezienụ anya na mmiri ozuzo na nchebe anyanwụ n'oge njem. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, nke a na-akpọ (HPMC): hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) bụ ntụ ọcha na-enweghị isi, enweghị uto, na-adịghị egbu egbu, enwere ụdị ntụ abụọ nke ngwa ngwa na nke na-abụghị ozugbo, ozugbo. Mgbe e zutere ya na mmiri oyi, ọ na-agbasa ngwa ngwa ma na-apụ n'anya n'ime mmiri. N'oge a, mmiri mmiri ahụ enweghị viscosity. Mgbe ihe dị ka nkeji 2 gasịrị, viscosity nke mmiri mmiri ahụ na-abawanye, na-emepụta viscous colloid doro anya. Ụdị na-abụghị ozugbo: Enwere ike iji ya naanị na ngwaahịa ntụ ntụ akọrọ dịka ntụ ntụ putty na simenti. Enweghị ike iji ya na gluu mmiri mmiri na agba, a ga-enwekwa ihe na-agbakọta.
Oge ozi: Disemba-26-2022