Ifu ya putty igizwe ahanini n'ibintu bikora filime (ibikoresho bihuza), ibintu byuzuza, ibintu bifata amazi, ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, ibintu bigabanya ubushyuhe, nibindi. Ibikoresho fatizo bisanzwe bya organic mu ifu ya putty birimo: cellulose, starch ya pregelatinized, starch ether, polyvinyl alcohol, ifu ya latex itabagurika, nibindi. Imikorere n'imikoreshereze y'ibikoresho fatizo bitandukanye bya chemical irasesengurwa kimwe kimwe hano hepfo.
1: Ibisobanuro n'itandukaniro rya fibre, cellulose na ether ya cellulose
Fibre (Amerika: Fibre; Icyongereza: Fibre) bivuga ikintu kigizwe n'udutsi duhoraho cyangwa tudakomeza. Nk'udutsi tw'ibimera, ubwoya bw'inyamaswa, fibre ya silk, fibre ya sintetike, n'ibindi.
Selulose ni polysaccharide nini igizwe na glucose kandi ni yo gice cy'ingenzi cy'inkuta z'uturemangingo tw'ibimera. Mu bushyuhe bw'icyumba, selulose ntishongera mu mazi cyangwa mu bintu bisanzwe by'umwimerere. Ingano ya selulose iri mu ipamba iri hafi 100%, bigatuma iba isoko karemano ya selulose. Muri rusange, selulose ingana na 40-50%, kandi hari 10-30% ya hemicellulose na 20-30% ya lignin. Itandukaniro riri hagati ya selulose (iburyo) na sitashi (ibumoso):
Muri rusange, sitashi na selulose byombi ni polysaccharide macromolecular, kandi formula ya molekile ishobora kugaragazwa nka (C6H10O5)n. Uburemere bwa molekile ya selulose ni bunini kuruta ubwa sitashi, kandi selulose ishobora kubora kugira ngo ikore sitashi. Selulose ni D-glucose na β-1,4 glycoside. Polysaccharide macromolecular zigizwe n'imigozi, mu gihe sitashi ikorwa n'imigozi ya α-1,4 glycosidic. Selulose muri rusange ntabwo igizwe n'amashami, ariko sitashi igizwe n'imigozi ya glycosidic 1,6. Selulose ntishonga neza mu mazi, mu gihe sitashi ishongera mu mazi ashyushye. Selulose ntabwo yumva amylase kandi ntihinduka ubururu iyo ihuye na iyode.
Izina ry'Icyongereza rya cellulose ether ni cellulose ether, ikaba ari polymer ivanze n'imiterere ya ether ikozwe muri cellulose. Ni umusaruro w'uburyo cellulose (ikimera) ikorana n'umuti ugabanya ether. Dukurikije uburyo imiterere ya chemical ishyirwa mu byiciro bya ethers nyuma yo guhindurwa, ishobora kugabanywamo anionic, cationic na nonionic. Bitewe n'umuti ukoreshwa mu guhindurwa, hari methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose na phenyl cellulose, n'ibindi. Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, cellulose ether nayo yitwa cellulose, izina ridasanzwe, kandi yitwa cellulose (cyangwa ether) neza. Uburyo bwo gukubana kwa cellulose ether thickener Cellulose ether thickener ni umuti utari ionic thickener, ukomera ahanini bitewe no gutoba no kwivanga hagati ya molekile. Uruhererekane rwa polymer rwa eteri ya selulosi biroroshye gukora umugozi wa hydrogen n'amazi mu mazi, kandi umugozi wa hydrogen utuma igira amazi menshi n'imigozi hagati ya molekile.
Iyo irangi rya ether rya cellulose rishyizwe kuri latex, rifata amazi menshi, bigatuma ingano yaryo yiyongera cyane, bigabanyiriza umwanya w’ibisigazwa, ibisigazwa n’uduce twa latex; icyarimwe, imiyoboro ya ether ya cellulose irahuzwa kugira ngo ikore imiterere y’urusobe rw’ibice bitatu, kandi ibisigazwa by’amabara n’uduce twa latex bifungirwa hagati mu muyoboro kandi ntibishobora gutembera neza. Muri izi ngaruka ebyiri, ubukana bw’iyi sisitemu burarushaho kuba bwiza! Twageze ku ngaruka zo gukuba twari dukeneye!
Selulose isanzwe (ether): Muri rusange, selulose ku isoko yerekeza kuri hydroxypropyl, hydroxyethyl ikoreshwa cyane cyane mu irangi, irangi rya latex, naho hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ikoreshwa mu bintu bya morti, putty n'ibindi. Selulose ya Carboxymethyl ikoreshwa mu ifu isanzwe ya putty ku nkuta zo imbere. Selulose ya Carboxymethyl, izwi kandi nka sodium carboxymethyl cellulose, yitwa (CMC): Selulose ya Carboxymethyl (CMC) ni ifu y'umweru idahumanya, idahumura kandi ifite imikorere ihamye kandi yoroshye gushonga mu mazi. Amazi ya alkaline cyangwa alkaline ibonerana, ishonga mu zindi kole na resins zishonga mu mazi, ntishonga mu bintu bishongesha ibinyabuzima nka ethanol. CMC ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho gifunga, gifunga, gifunga, gifunga, gikwirakwiza, gikwirakwiza, gipima, nibindi. Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) ni cyo gicuruzwa gifite umusaruro munini, urwego rwagutse rw'ikoreshwa, kandi ni cyo cyoroshye gukoresha muri ether za cellulose, zizwi cyane nka "monosodium glutamate y'inganda". Carboxymethyl cellulose ifite inshingano zo gufatanya, gukuba, gukomeza, gufunga, kubika amazi no kuyahagarika. 1. Gukoresha cellulose ya sodium carboxymethyl mu nganda z'ibiribwa: sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ntabwo ari ikintu cyiza cyo gufunga no gufunga gusa mu bikorwa by'ibiribwa, ahubwo inagira ubushobozi bwo gukonjesha no gushonga neza, kandi ishobora kunoza uburyohe bw'icyo gicuruzwa byongera igihe cyo kubika. 2. Gukoresha sodium carboxymethyl cellulose mu nganda z'imiti: ishobora gukoreshwa nk'igikoresho gifunga mu gutera inshinge, gifunga n'igikoresho gikora filime ku binini mu nganda z'imiti. 3. CMC ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kirwanya gutuza, emulsifier, dispersant, agent yo kuringaniza, na kole yo gusiga. Ishobora gutuma ibikubiye mu gipfundikizo bikwirakwira neza mu kintu, ku buryo igipfundikizo kidacika burundu igihe kirekire. Ikoreshwa cyane mu irangi. 4. Sodium carboxymethyl cellulose ishobora gukoreshwa nk'ikintu kigabanya ubushyuhe, igikoresho cyo gusiga, igikoresho cyo gusiga, igikoresho cyo gusiga amazi, igikoresho cyo gupima ubunini, ibikoresho bikora filime, nibindi. Ikoreshwa cyane mu bikoresho by'ikoranabuhanga, imiti yica udukoko, uruhu, plastiki, icapiro, ibumba, inganda zikoreshwa buri munsi n'izindi, kandi kubera imikorere yayo myiza n'uburyo butandukanye bwo kuyikoresha, ihora iteza imbere amashami mashya yo kuyikoresha, kandi isoko ni rinini cyane. Ingero zo gukoresha: ifu y'inyuma y'urukuta formula y'ifu y'imbere y'urukuta formula y'ifu y'inyuma y'urukuta formula y'ifu y'inyuma y'urukuta 1 Ifu ya Shuangfei: 600-650kg 1 Ifu ya Shuangfei: 1000kg 2 Sima yera: 400-350kg 2 Ifu isanzwe: 5-6kg 3 Ifu isanzwe: 5 -6kg 3 CMC: 10-15kg cyangwa HPMC2.5-3kg 4 CMC: 10-15kg cyangwa HPMC2.5-3kg Ifu y'inyuma yongewemo carboxymethyl cellulose CMC, imikorere y'ifu isanzwe: ① Ifite ubushobozi bwo gushonga vuba; imikorere yo gufatanya, no kubika amazi mu buryo runaka; ② Kunoza ubushobozi bwo kwirinda kunyerera (gutemba) kw'ibikoresho, kunoza imikorere y'ibikoresho, no gutuma imikorere irushaho kuba myiza; kongera igihe cyo gufungura ibikoresho. ③ Nyuma yo kuma, ubuso buba bwiza, ntibugwa ifu, bufite ubushobozi bwiza bwo gukora firime kandi nta gushwanyagurika. ④ Icy'ingenzi kurushaho, ingano ni nto, kandi ingano nto cyane ishobora kugira ingaruka nziza; icyarimwe, ikiguzi cyo gukora kigabanukaho hafi 10-20%. Mu nganda z'ubwubatsi, CMC ikoreshwa mu gukora preforms za beto, zishobora kugabanya igihombo cy'amazi no gukora nk'ikintu kigabanya ubukana. Ndetse no mu bwubatsi bunini, ishobora no kongera imbaraga za beto no koroshya preforms kugwa ku ruhu. Indi ntego nyamukuru ni ugukata urukuta rw'umweru n'ifu ya putty, putty paste, bishobora kuzigama ibikoresho byinshi by'ubwubatsi no kongera urwego rwo kurinda n'urumuri rw'urukuta. Hydroxyethyl methylcellulose, yitwa (HEC): formula ya shimi:
1. Intangiriro ya hydroxyethyl cellulose: Hydroxyethyl cellulose (HEC) ni ether ya cellulose idafite ionic ikozwe muri cellulose karemano ya polymer binyuze mu buryo butandukanye bwa shimi. Ni ifu yera cyangwa granule idafite impumuro, uburyohe, idahumanya, ishobora gushonga mu mazi akonje kugira ngo ikore umuti ubonerana, kandi gushonga ntibigira ingaruka ku gaciro ka pH. Ifite ubushobozi bwo gukurura, gufatana, gukwirakwiza, gushonga, gukora filime, guhagarika, gukurura, gukora ku buso, kubika ubushuhe no kwirinda umunyu.
2. Ibipimo bya tekiniki Isura y'umushinga Ifu y'umweru cyangwa umuhondo Ifu yo gusimbuza Molar (MS) 1.8-2.8 Ibintu bidashonga mu mazi (%) ≤ 0.5 Igihombo iyo byuma (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Ibisigazwa iyo byatse (WT%) ≤ 5.0 Agaciro ka PH 6.0- 8.5 Ubushyuhe (mPa.s) 2%, 30000, 60000, 100000 umuti w'amazi kuri 20°C. Ibyiza bya hydroxyethyl cellulose Ubushyuhe bwinshi
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose itanga ubushobozi bwiza bwo gusiga irangi ku irangi rya latex, cyane cyane irangi rya PVA nyinshi. Nta gushonga bibaho iyo irangi rinini.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose ifite ubushobozi bwo gukuba cyane. Ishobora kugabanya ingano y'ibipimo, ikongera uburyo bwo gukoresha formula, kandi ikongera ubushobozi bwo kwirinda gukaraba kw'ibirahure.
Imiterere myiza cyane ya rheological
● Umuti w'amazi wa hydroxyethyl cellulose ni sisitemu itari Newtonian, kandi imiterere y'umuti wayo yitwa thixotropy.
● Mu gihe nta guhindagurika, nyuma yuko ibicuruzwa bishongeshejwe burundu, sisitemu yo gusiga igumana uburyo bwiza bwo gufunga no gufunga.
● Mu gihe cyo gusuka, sisitemu igumana ubushyuhe buri ku rugero, ku buryo ibicuruzwa bifite ubushyuhe bwiza kandi ntibizasese.
● Iyo ikoreshejwe brush na roller, icyo gicuruzwa gikwirakwira ku butaka bworoshye. Biroroshye kubwubaka. Ariko kandi, gifite ubushobozi bwo guhangana n'amasasu.
● Amaherezo, nyuma yo gusiga irangi, ubushyuhe bw'iyi sisitemu buhita bugaruka, kandi irangi rihita rigwa.
Gutatana no gushonga
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose ivurwa igatinda gushonga, ibyo bikaba byakumira kwivanga kw'ibinyabutabire iyo wongeyeho ifu yumye. Nyuma yo kwemeza ko ifu ya HEC ikwirakwijwe neza, tangira gukoresha amazi.
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose hamwe no gutunganya neza ubuso bwayo bishobora guhindura neza igipimo cyo gushonga no kongera ubushyuhe bw'ibicuruzwa.
uburyo ububiko buhagaze neza
● Hydroxyethyl cellulose ifite ubushobozi bwiza bwo kurwanya ubwivumbure kandi itanga igihe gihagije cyo kubika irangi. Irinda neza irangi n'ibirungo guhagarara. 4. Uko ikoreshwa: (1) Shyiramo mu buryo butaziguye mu gihe cyo gukora Ubu buryo ni bwo bworoshye kandi bufata igihe gito. Intambwe ni izi zikurikira: 1. Shyira amazi meza mu ndobo nini ifite agakoresho gakomeye ko gukata. 2. Tangira kuvanga buri gihe ku muvuduko muto hanyuma ucenge buhoro buhoro hydroxyethyl cellulose mu gikoresho kimwe. 3. Komeza kuvanga kugeza uduce twose twuzuye. 4. Hanyuma ongeramo imiti yica udukoko n'ibindi bikoresho bitandukanye. Nk'amabara, ibikoresho byo gukwirakwiza, amazi ya ammonia, nibindi. 5. Vanga kugeza hydroxyethyl cellulose yose ishongeshejwe burundu (ubushyuhe bw'umuti bwiyongera cyane) mbere yo kongeramo ibindi bice muri formula yo gukora. (2) Tegura inzoga y'inka yo gukoreshwa: Ubu buryo ni ugutegura inzoga y'inka ifite ubunini bwinshi mbere yo kuyitegura, hanyuma ukayishyira ku gicuruzwa. Akamaro k'ubu buryo ni uko ifite ubworoherane bwinshi kandi ishobora kongerwamo ku gicuruzwa cyarangiye, ariko igomba kubikwa neza. Intambwe zisa n'intambwe (1–4) mu buryo bwa (1): itandukaniro ni uko nta kintu gitera umwuka mwinshi gikenewe, gusa hari ibintu bimwe na bimwe bitera umwuka bifite imbaraga zihagije zo kugumana hydroxyethyl cellulose ikwirakwira mu buryo bumwe mu buryo bumwe, bigakomeza kuvanga kugeza bishongeshejwe burundu mu buryo butose. Icyitonderwa ni uko umuti urwanya icyorezo ugomba kongerwa mu nzoga y'umubyeyi vuba bishoboka. V. Gukoresha 1. Ikoreshwa mu irangi rya latex rishingiye ku mazi: HEC, nk'umuti urinda, ishobora gukoreshwa mu gupima vinyl acetate emulsion kugira ngo yongere ubushobozi bwo gupima polymerization mu buryo butandukanye bwa pH. Mu gukora ibicuruzwa byarangiye, inyongeramusaruro nk'amabara n'ibirungo bikoreshwa mu gukwirakwiza, gutuza no gutanga ingaruka zo gushonga. Ishobora kandi gukoreshwa nk'ikintu gikwirakwiza polymeri zo gufunga nka styrene, acrylate, na propylene. Ikoreshwa mu irangi rya latex rishobora kunoza cyane imikorere yo gushonga no kugabanya ingano. 2. Ku bijyanye no gucukura amavuta: HEC ikoreshwa nk'imashini igabanya ubushyuhe mu byondo bitandukanye bikenewe mu gucukura, gusana amariba, gusimbuza no gucikamo ibice by'amazi, kugira ngo ibyondo bishobore kubona ubushyuhe bwiza no kudacikamo ibice. Kongera ubushobozi bwo gutwara ibyondo mu gihe cyo gucukura, no gukumira amazi menshi kwinjira mu gishishwa cy'amavuta ava mu byondo, bigatuma ubushobozi bwo gukora icyo gishishwa cy'amavuta burushaho gukomera. 3. Ikoreshwa mu bwubatsi n'ibikoresho by'ubwubatsi: Kubera ubushobozi bwayo bukomeye bwo kubika amazi, HEC ni imashini igabanya ubushyuhe n'uburiganya ku gishishwa cya sima n'uburiganya. Ishobora kuvangwa muri sima kugira ngo yongere ubushyuhe n'imikorere y'ubwubatsi, no kongera igihe cyo guhumeka kw'amazi, Kongera imbaraga za mbere za sima no kwirinda kwangirika. Ishobora kongera cyane ubushyuhe bwayo bwo kubika amazi n'uburiganya iyo ikoreshejwe mu gusimbuza sima, sima igabanya ubushyuhe, na putty ya sima. 4. Ikoreshwa mu burozi bw'amenyo: bitewe nuko irwanya umunyu na aside, HEC ishobora kwemeza ko uburozi bw'amenyo buhamye. Byongeye kandi, uburozi bw'amenyo ntibukorohera kuma bitewe nuko bufata amazi n'uburiganya. 5. Iyo ikoreshejwe mu irangi rishingiye ku mazi, HEC ishobora gutuma wino yumuka vuba kandi ntigire amazi. Byongeye kandi, HEC ikoreshwa cyane mu gucapa no gusiga amarangi imyenda, gukora impapuro, imiti ya buri munsi n'ibindi. 6. Amabwiriza yo gukoresha HEC: a. Hygroscopicity: Ubwoko bwose bwa hydroxyethyl cellulose HEC ni hygroscopic. Amazi muri rusange ari munsi ya 5% iyo uvuye mu ruganda, ariko bitewe n'ahantu hatandukanye ho gutwara no kubika, amazi azaba menshi kurusha iyo uvuye mu ruganda. Iyo uyikoresheje, pima amazi hanyuma ukuremo uburemere bw'amazi mu gihe ubarura. Ntuyishyire mu kirere. b. Ifu y'umukungugu iraturika: niba ifu yose y'umwimerere n'ifu y'umukungugu ya hydroxyethyl cellulose biri mu kirere ku rugero runaka, nabyo bizaturika iyo bihuye n'aho umuriro uturuka. Hakwiye gukorwa neza kugira ngo hirindwe ifu y'umukungugu mu kirere uko bishoboka kose. 7. Ibipimo byo gupakira: Igicuruzwa gikozwe mu gikapu cy'impapuro-plastiki kirimo ishashi y'imbere ya polyethylene, ifite uburemere bwa kg 25. Bika ahantu hahumeka kandi humutse mu nzu mugihe ubibika, kandi witondere ubushuhe. Witondere kurinda imvura n'izuba mugihe cyo kubitwara. Hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose, yitwa (HPMC): hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose (HPMC) ni ifu yera idahumura, idasembuye, kandi idahumanya, hari ubwoko bubiri bw'ingufu zihita n'izidahita, zihita, Iyo ihuye n'amazi akonje, ihita ikwirakwira vuba ikabura mu mazi. Muri iki gihe, amazi nta viscosity aba afite. Nyuma y'iminota 2, viscosity y'amazi iriyongera, igakora colloid ibonerana. Ubwoko butari buhita: Ishobora gukoreshwa gusa mu bicuruzwa by'ifu yumye nka putty powder na sima mortar. Ntishobora gukoreshwa mu mazi kole na irangi, kandi hazabaho gushonga.
Igihe cyo kohereza: Ukuboza-26-2022