1. Ka whakamahia te putty hei rauemi mō te maimoatanga o mua o te mata hei paninga ki ngā paninga hoahoanga
He paparanga angiangi te pūti o te moata whakataurite. Ka waruhia te pūti ki runga i te mata o ngā papa taratara (pēnei i te raima, te moata whakataurite, te papa gypsum, me ētahi atu). Ka maeneene, ka ngawari hoki te paparanga peita pakitara o waho, kāore e ngāwari te kohikohi puehu, ā, ka ngāwari hoki te horoi (he mea nui ake tēnei mō ngā wāhi he nui ake te parahanga o te hau). Ka taea te wehewehe i te pūti ki te pūti kotahi-wāhanga (pūti whakapiri whakapiri me te paura pūti paura maroke) me te pūti rua-wāhanga (he mea tito mai i te paura pūti me te emulsion) e ai ki te āhua o te hua kua oti. Nā te aro o te tangata ki te hangarau hanga o ngā paninga whare, kua whakawhanakehia hoki te pūti hei rauemi tautoko nui. He maha ngā kaihanga o roto kua whakawhanake i te pūti mō ngā kaupapa rerekē me ngā āhua rerekē, pērā i te pūti paura, te pūti whakapiri, te pūti pakitara o roto, te pūti pakitara o waho, te pūti rapa, me ētahi atu.
Ina tirohia te whakamahinga tuturu o ngā paninga whare, he maha ngā ngoikoretanga pēnei i te pahuka me te kiripaka, e tino pā kino ana ki te mahi tiaki me te whakapaipai o ngā paninga ki ngā whare. E rua ngā take matua mō te kino o te kiriata paninga:
Ko tētahi ko te kounga o te peita;
Ko te tuarua ko te whakahaere hē o te papa.
Kua whakaatuhia e ngā mahi he nui atu i te 70% o ngā ngoikoretanga o te paninga e pā ana ki te whakahaere kino o te papa. Kua whakamahia whānuitia te putty mō ngā paninga hoahoanga hei rauemi mata mō te maimoatanga mata i mua i te paninga. Ehara i te mea ka taea e ia te whakangawari me te whakatika i te mata o ngā whare anake, engari ka taea hoki e te putty kounga teitei te whakarei ake i te mahi tiaki me te whakapaipai o ngā paninga i runga i ngā whare. Ko te whakaroa i te roa o te mahi o te paninga he hua tautoko nui mō ngā paninga hoahoanga mahi teitei, inā koa ko ngā paninga pakitara o waho. He mārama ngā painga ōhanga, hangarau me te taiao o te putty paura maroke kotahi-wāhanga i roto i te hanga, te kawe, te rokiroki, te hanga me ētahi atu.
Kia mōhio: Nā ngā āhuatanga pēnei i ngā rauemi mata me te utu, ko te paura pūmua marara e whakamahia ana i roto i te paura putty ārai-ngatata mō ngā pakitara o waho, ā, e whakamahia ana hoki i roto i te putty oro pakitara o roto kounga teitei.
2. Te mahi a te putty ārai-pakaru mō ngā pakitara o waho
Ko te putty pakitara o waho e whakamahi ana i te sima hei rauemi honohono kore-ora, ā, ka taea te tāpiri i te iti o te konupūmā pungarehu hei whakatutuki i te pānga mahi tahi. Ko te mahi a te putty ārai-pakaru i runga i te sima mō ngā pakitara o waho:
He pai te turanga o te paparanga o te putty, e whakaiti ana i te nui o te peita, e whakaiti ana hoki i te utu o te kaupapa;
He kaha te piri o te Putty, ā, ka taea te piri pai ki te pakitara turanga;
He tino pakari, ka taea te ārai i ngā pānga o ngā ahotea whānui me ngā ahotea whakaheke rerekē o ngā paparanga turanga rerekē, ā, he pai hoki te ātete ki te pakaru;
He pai te ātete o te Putty ki te huarere, te ātete ki te wai, te ātete ki te makuku me te roa o te wā mahi;
He pai mō te taiao, kāore he paitini, he haumaru hoki;
Whai muri i te whakarerekētanga o ngā tāpiringa mahi, pērā i te paura rapa putty me ētahi atu rauemi, ka taea hoki e te putty pakitara o waho te whai i ēnei painga mahi anō:
Ko te mahi a te waru tika i ngā whakaotinga tawhito (peita, taera, mosaic, kōhatu me ētahi atu pakitara maeneene);
He pai te thixotropy, ka taea te whiwhi i tētahi mata maeneene tata tino pai mā te pani noa, ā, ka whakaitihia te ngaronga i puta mai i ngā paninga maha-whakamahinga nā te mata turanga kāore i te ōrite;
He pīngore, ka taea te ātete i ngā kapiti moroiti, ā, ka taea te whakakore i ngā kino o te ahotea pāmahana;
He pai te ātete ki te wai, ā, he mahi ātete wai hoki.
3. Te tūranga o te paura rapa ka taea te whakamarara anō i roto i te paura putty pakitara o waho
(1) Te pānga o te paura rapa putty ki te putty hou kua whakaranua:
Whakapai ake i te ngāwari o te mahi me te whakapai ake i te mahi waru putty;
te pupuri wai tāpiri;
te whakanui ake i te kaha mahi;
Ārai i te pakaru wawe.
(2) Te pānga o te paura rapa putty ki te putty whakapakeke:
Whakaitihia te modulus elastic o te putty me te whakarei ake i te ōrite ki te paparanga turanga;
Whakapai ake i te hanganga moroiti-pore o te sima, whakanui ake i te ngāwari i muri i te tāpiri i te paura rapa putty, me te ātete ki te pakaru;
Whakapai ake i te ātete ki te paura;
He wai-whakaaro, he whakaiti rānei i te mimiti wai o te paparanga putty;
Whakanuia te piri o te putty ki te pakitara turanga.
Tuawhā, ko ngā whakaritenga o te tukanga hanga putty pakitara o waho
Me aro te tukanga hanga putty ki:
1. Te awe o ngā āhuatanga hanga:
Ko te pāmahana me te haumākū o te taiao te mea nui hei pānga ki ngā āhuatanga hanga. I ngā āhuarangi wera, me rehu pai te paparanga turanga ki te wai, me pupuri rānei kia mākū, i runga i te mahi a te paura putty motuhake. Nā te mea ko te sima te nuinga o te wā e whakamahia ana e te paura putty pakitara o waho hei rauemi sima, me kaua te pāmahana taiao e iti iho i te 5 nekehanga, ā, e kore e tio i mua i te whakapakeketanga i muri i te hanganga.
2. Te whakarite me ngā mahi whakatūpato i mua i te waru i te putty:
E hiahiatia ana kia oti te kaupapa matua, kia oti hoki te whare me te tuanui;
Me tāuta ngā wāhanga katoa kua whakauruhia, ngā tatau, ngā matapihi me ngā paipa o te turanga pungarehu;
Hei ārai i te poke me te kino o ngā hua kua oti i te tukanga waru puranga, me whakatau ngā tūemi me ngā tikanga tiaki motuhake i mua i te waru puranga, ā, me hipoki, me takai hoki ngā wāhanga e tika ana;
Me tāuta te matapihi i muri i te waruhanga o te puranga putty.
3. Te maimoatanga mata:
Me mārō, kia papatahi, kia maroke, kia ma te mata o te papa, kia kore he hinu, he batik me ētahi atu mea paru;
Me whakamaroke te mata o te parai hou mō ngā rā 12 i mua i te waru i te putty, ā, kāore e taea te pani i te paparanga parai taketake ki te whakapiri sima;
Mena he maroke rawa te pakitara i mua i te hanganga, me whakamakuku te pakitara i mua i te hanganga.
4. Tukanga whakahaere:
Ringihia he wai e tika ana ki roto i te ipu, kātahi ka tāpirihia te paura putty maroke, kātahi ka whakaohokia katoatia ki te mīhini whakaranu kia puta he paraoa ōrite, kāore he matūriki paura me te ua;
Whakamahia he taputapu waru puranga mō te waru puranga, ā, ka taea te mahi i te waru puranga tuarua i muri i te otinga o te paparanga tuatahi o te tāmau puranga mō te 4 hāora pea;
Waruhia te paparanga putty kia māeneene, ā, kia 1.5mm te matotoru;
Ka taea te peita i te putty sima ki te paninga ātete-kawakore i muri i te otinga o te whakamaroke taiao kia tutuki rā anō te kawakore me te kaha ki ngā whakaritenga;
5. Ngā Tuhipoka:
Me whakatau te poutū me te papatahi o te papa i mua i te hanganga;
Me pau te moata putty i roto i te 1~2 hāora (i runga i te tauira);
Kaua e whakaranua te moata putty kua hipa te wā whakamahi ki te wai i mua i te whakamahinga;
Me whakakanapa i roto i te 1~2 rā;
Ina pania te mata o raro ki te moata sima, he mea pai kia whakamahia he kaihoko maimoatanga atanga, he putty atanga me te putty pīngore rānei.
Ko te horopeta opaura pūmua ka taea te whakamarara anōka taea te tirotiro i ngā raraunga horopeta i roto i te tātai o te paura putty pakitara o waho. E taunakihia ana kia whakahaerehia e ngā kaihoko ētahi whakamātautau tauira iti rerekē i mua i te hanga papatipu hei whakarite i te kounga o te paura putty.
Wā tuku: 28 Paenga-whāwhā 2024