I-ether ye-celluloseiyinhlanganisela ye-polymer enesakhiwo se-ether esenziwe nge-cellulose. Indandatho ngayinye ye-glucosyl ku-cellulose macromolecule iqukethe amaqembu amathathu e-hydroxyl, iqembu eliyinhloko le-hydroxyl ku-athomu yesithupha yekhabhoni, iqembu lesibili le-hydroxyl kuma-athomu e-carbon yesibili neyesithathu, kanti i-hydrogen eqenjini le-hydroxyl ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydrocarbon ukukhiqiza izinto ezivela ku-cellulose ether. Kungumkhiqizo lapho i-hydrogen yeqembu le-hydroxyl ku-cellulose polymer ithathelwa indawo yiqembu le-hydrocarbon. I-Cellulose iyinhlanganisela ye-polyhydroxy polymer engancibiliki noma incibilike. Ngemva kwe-etherification, i-cellulose iyancibilika emanzini, inciphise isixazululo se-alkali kanye ne-organic solvent, futhi ine-thermoplasticity.
I-Cellulose iyinhlanganisela ye-polyhydroxy polymer engancibiliki futhi engancibiliki. Ngemva kokufakelwa, i-cellulose iyancibilika emanzini, inciphise isixazululo se-alkali kanye nesinyibilikisi se-organic, futhi ine-thermoplasticity.
1. Imvelo:
Ukuncibilika kwe-cellulose ngemva kokufakelwa kwe-ether kushintsha kakhulu. Ingancibilika emanzini, incibilikise i-asidi, incibilikise i-alkali noma i-organic solvent. Ukuncibilika kuncike kakhulu ezintweni ezintathu: (1) Izici zamaqembu angeniswe enkambisweni yokufakelwa kwe-ether, okungeniswe Lapho iqembu likhulu, ukuncibilika kwehla, futhi uma i-polarity yeqembu elingenisiwe iqina, kulula kakhulu ukuthi i-cellulose ether incibilike emanzini; (2) Izinga lokushintsha kanye nokusatshalaliswa kwamaqembu afakwe i-ether ku-macromolecule. Ama-ether amaningi e-cellulose angancibilika emanzini kuphela ngaphansi kwezinga elithile lokushintsha, futhi izinga lokushintsha liphakathi kuka-0 no-3; (3) Izinga lokwenziwa kwe-polymerization ye-cellulose ether, izinga lokwenziwa kwe-polymerization liphakeme, kuncibilika kancane; Uma izinga lokwenziwa kwe-ether liphansi, ububanzi buyanda. Kunezinhlobo eziningi zama-ether e-cellulose asebenza kahle kakhulu, futhi asetshenziswa kabanzi ekwakheni, kusimende, kuphethroli, ekudleni, ezindwangu, ekuhlanzeni, ependeni, emithini, ekwakhiweni kwamaphepha kanye nezingxenye ze-elekthronikhi nakwezinye izimboni.
2. Thuthukisa:
I-China ingumkhiqizi omkhulu emhlabeni kanye nomthengi we-cellulose ether, ngesilinganiso sokukhula sonyaka esingaphezu kuka-20%. Ngokwezibalo zokuqala, kunezinkampani zokukhiqiza i-cellulose ether ezingaba ngu-50 e-China, amandla okukhiqiza aklanywe embonini ye-cellulose ether adlule amathani angu-400,000, futhi kunezinkampani ezingaba ngu-20 ezinamathani angaphezu kuka-10,000, asakazwa kakhulu eShandong, Hebei, Chongqing naseJiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai nakwezinye izindawo.
3. Isidingo:
Ngo-2011, amandla okukhiqiza e-CMC eShayina ayengaba ngamathani angu-300,000. Njengoba isidingo esikhulayo sama-cellulose ethers asezingeni eliphezulu ezimbonini ezifana nemithi, ukudla, kanye namakhemikhali ansuku zonke, isidingo sasekhaya seminye imikhiqizo ye-cellulose ether ngaphandle kwe-CMC siyakhula. , amandla okukhiqiza e-MC/HPMC angaba ngamathani angu-120,000, kanti e-HEC angaba ngamathani angu-20,000. I-PAC isesesigabeni sokukhuthazwa kanye nokusetshenziswa eShayina. Ngokuthuthuka kwamasimu amakhulu kawoyela asogwini kanye nokuthuthukiswa kwezinto zokwakha, ukudla, amakhemikhali kanye nezinye izimboni, inani kanye nensimu ye-PAC kuyakhula futhi kuyanda unyaka nonyaka, ngomthamo wokukhiqiza ongaphezu kwamathani ayi-10,000.
4. Ukwahlukaniswa:
Ngokwesakhiwo samakhemikhali sokuhlukaniswa kwezinto ezithatha indawo, zingahlukaniswa zibe ama-ether e-anionic, cationic kanye nama-nonionic. Kuye ngokuthi i-ether ye-ether isetshenziswa kanjani, kukhona i-methyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl cellulose, i-ethyl cellulose, i-benzyl cellulose, i-hydroxyethyl cellulose, i-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, i-cyanoethyl cellulose, i-benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, i-carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose kanye ne-phenyl cellulose, njll. I-Methyl cellulose kanye ne-ethyl cellulose ziwusizo kakhulu.
I-Methylcellulose:
Ngemva kokuba ukotini ocoliwe uphathwe nge-alkali, i-cellulose ether ikhiqizwa ngochungechunge lwezimpendulo nge-methane chloride njenge-etherification agent. Ngokuvamile, izinga lokushintsha liyi-1.6 ~ 2.0, kanti ukuncibilika nakho kuhlukile ngamazinga ahlukene okushintsha. Kungokwe-non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) I-Methylcellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, futhi kuzoba nzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu ebangeni le-pH=3~12. Ihambisana kahle nesitashi, i-guar gum, njll. kanye nama-surfactants amaningi. Lapho izinga lokushisa lifinyelela izinga lokushisa le-gelation, kwenzeka i-gelation.
(2) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuncike enanini layo lokwengeza, i-viscosity, usayizi wezinhlayiya kanye nezinga lokuncibilika. Ngokuvamile, uma inani lokwengeza likhulu, ubuncane buncane, kanti i-viscosity inkulu, izinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi liphezulu. Phakathi kwazo, inani lokwengeza linomthelela omkhulu kakhulu esilinganisweni sokugcinwa kwamanzi, futhi izinga le-viscosity alilingani ngqo nezinga lezinga lokugcinwa kwamanzi. Izinga lokuncibilika lincike kakhulu ezingeni lokuguqulwa kobuso bezinhlayiya ze-cellulose kanye ne-fineness yezinhlayiya. Phakathi kwama-ether e-cellulose angenhla, i-methyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zinamazinga aphezulu okugcinwa kwamanzi.
(3) Izinguquko ekushiseni zingathinta kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose. Ngokuvamile, lapho izinga lokushisa liphezulu, kuba kubi kakhulu ukugcinwa kwamanzi. Uma izinga lokushisa le-mortar lidlula ama-40°C, ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-methyl cellulose kuzoncishiswa kakhulu, okuzothinta kakhulu ukwakhiwa kwe-mortar.
(4)I-Methyl celluloseinethonya elikhulu ekusebenzeni kahle nasekuhlanganeni kwe-mortar. “Ukunamathela” lapha kubhekisela emandleni okubopha azwakalayo phakathi kwethuluzi lokufaka isicelo somsebenzi kanye ne-substrate yodonga, okungukuthi, ukumelana nokusika kwe-mortar. Ukunamathela kuphakeme, ukumelana nokusika kwe-mortar kukhulu, futhi amandla adingekayo yizisebenzi enkambisweni yokusebenzisa nawo makhulu, futhi ukusebenza kokwakhiwa kwe-mortar kuphansi. Ukuhlangana kwe-methyl cellulose kusezingeni eliphakathi emikhiqizweni ye-cellulose ether.
I-Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose uhlobo lwe-cellulose olukhiqizayo futhi olusetshenziswayo lukhula ngokushesha. Luyi-ether exubile ye-cellulose engeyona i-ionic eyenziwe ngokotini ocolisisiwe ngemva kokuhlanganiswa kwe-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-propylene oxide kanye ne-methyl chloride njenge-etherification, ngokusebenzisa uchungechunge lwezimpendulo. Izinga lokushintshana ngokuvamile lingu-1.2 ~ 2.0. Izakhiwo zalo ziyahlukahluka kuye ngesilinganiso sokuqukethwe kwe-methoxyl kokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl.
(1) I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose incibilika kalula emanzini abandayo, futhi izobhekana nobunzima ekuncibilikeni emanzini ashisayo. Kodwa izinga lokushisa layo le-gelation emanzini ashisayo liphakeme kakhulu kunele-methyl cellulose. Ukuncibilika emanzini abandayo nakho kuthuthuke kakhulu uma kuqhathaniswa ne-methyl cellulose.
(2) Ukuqina kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuhlobene nesisindo sayo sama-molecule, futhi uma isisindo sama-molecule sikhulu, kulapho ukuqina kwe-viscosity kuphakama khona. Izinga lokushisa lithinta nokuqina kwayo, njengoba izinga lokushisa likhuphuka, ukuqina kwe-viscosity kwehla. Kodwa-ke, ithonya lokuqina kwayo okuphezulu kanye nokushisa liphansi kunele-methyl cellulose. Isixazululo sayo sizinzile uma sigcinwa ekushiseni kwegumbi.
(3) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kuncike enanini layo lokwengeza, i-viscosity, njll., futhi izinga layo lokugcinwa kwamanzi ngaphansi kwenani elifanayo lokwengeza liphakeme kunele-methyl cellulose.
(4)I-Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseizinzile ku-asidi kanye ne-alkali, futhi isixazululo sayo samanzi sizinzile kakhulu ku-pH=2~12. I-caustic soda kanye namanzi e-lime azinawo umthelela omkhulu ekusebenzeni kwayo, kodwa i-alkali ingasheshisa ukuncibilika kwayo futhi ikhuphule kancane i-viscosity yayo. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose izinzile ku-viscosity evamile, kodwa lapho ukuhlushwa kwesisombululo sikasawoti kuphezulu, i-viscosity yesisombululo se-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ivame ukwanda.
(5) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingaxutshwa nama-polymer compounds ancibilika emanzini ukuze kwakheke isixazululo esifanayo nesinobuthi obuphezulu. Njenge-polyvinyl alcohol, i-starch ether, i-vegetable gum, njll.
(6) I-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inokumelana okungcono kwama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose, futhi isixazululo sayo cishe asikwazi ukuwohloka ngama-enzyme kune-methylcellulose.
(7) Ukunamathela kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ekwakhiweni kwe-mortar kuphakeme kunokwe-methylcellulose.
I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
Yenziwe ngokotini ocoliwe ophathwe nge-alkali, futhi ixutshwe ne-ethylene oxide njenge-etherification agent lapho kukhona i-isopropanol. Izinga layo lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-1.5 ~ 2.0. Inamandla okushintsha amanzi futhi kulula ukuyimunca umswakama.
(1) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose iyancibilika emanzini abandayo, kodwa kunzima ukuyincibilika emanzini ashisayo. Isixazululo sayo sizinzile ekushiseni okuphezulu ngaphandle kokufaka i-gelling. Ingasetshenziswa isikhathi eside ngaphansi kokushisa okuphezulu ku-mortar, kodwa ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kune-methyl cellulose.
(2) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose izinzile ku-asidi ejwayelekile kanye ne-alkali, futhi i-alkali ingasheshisa ukuncibilika kwayo futhi ikhuphule kancane i-viscosity yayo. Ukuhlakazeka kwayo emanzini kubi kancane kunokwe-methyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose inamandla amahle okulwa nokuwohloka kwe-mortar, kodwa inesikhathi eside sokulibazisa i-samente.
(4) Ukusebenza kwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose ekhiqizwa amanye amabhizinisi asekhaya kusobala ukuthi kuphansi kunokwe-methyl cellulose ngenxa yokuqukethwe kwayo kwamanzi amaningi kanye nokuqukethwe komlotha okuphezulu.
(5) Ukubola kwesisombululo samanzi se-hydroxyethyl cellulose kuyingozi kakhulu. Ezingeni lokushisa elingaba ngu-40°C, ukubola kungavela zingakapheli izinsuku ezi-3 kuya kwezi-5, okuzothinta ukusebenza kwayo.
I-Carboxymethyl cellulose:
I-ether ye-cellulose ye-lonic yenziwe ngemicu yemvelo (ukotini, njll.) ngemva kokwelashwa nge-alkali, kusetshenziswa i-sodium monochloroacetate njenge-etherification agent, futhi idlula ochungechungeni lwezindlela zokwelapha zokusabela. Izinga lokushintsha ngokuvamile lingu-0.4 ~ 1.4, futhi ukusebenza kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yizinga lokushintsha.
(1) I-carboxymethyl cellulose i-hygroscopic kakhulu, futhi izoqukatha amanzi amaningi uma igcinwa ngaphansi kwezimo ezijwayelekile.
(2) Isixazululo samanzi se-carboxymethyl cellulose asikhiqizi ijeli, futhi i-viscosity iyancipha ngokukhuphuka kwezinga lokushisa. Uma izinga lokushisa lidlula ama-50°C, i-viscosity ayinakuguqulwa.
(3) Ukuqina kwayo kuthinteka kakhulu yi-pH. Ngokuvamile, ingasetshenziswa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum, kodwa hhayi ku-mortar esekelwe kusimende. Uma i-alkaline kakhulu, izolahlekelwa yi-viscosity.
(4) Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwayo kuphansi kakhulu kune-methyl cellulose. Inomphumela wokulibazisa ku-mortar esekelwe ku-gypsum futhi inciphisa amandla ayo. Kodwa-ke, intengo ye-carboxymethyl cellulose iphansi kakhulu kuneye-methyl cellulose.
I-Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Ezimele yi-methyl cellulose kanye ne-ethyl cellulose. Ekukhiqizweni kwezimboni, i-methyl chloride noma i-ethyl chloride ngokuvamile isetshenziswa njenge-etherification agent, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
Kule fomula, i-R imele i-CH3 noma i-C2H5. Ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali akugcini nje ngokuphazamisa izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether, kodwa futhi kuthinta nokusetshenziswa kwama-alkyl halides. Uma ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kuphansi, kulapho i-hydrolysis ye-alkyl halide iqina khona. Ukuze kuncishiswe ukusetshenziswa kwe-etherifying agent, ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kumele kwandiswe. Kodwa-ke, lapho ukuhlushwa kwe-alkali kuphezulu kakhulu, umphumela wokuvuvukala kwe-cellulose uyancishiswa, okungavumeli ukusabela kwe-etherification, futhi izinga lokushiswa kwe-ether liyancishiswa. Ngale njongo, i-lye egxilile noma i-lye eqinile ingangezwa ngesikhathi sokusabela. I-reactor kufanele ibe nedivayisi enhle yokuxubha nokuklebhula ukuze i-alkali isatshalaliswe ngokulinganayo. I-Methyl cellulose isetshenziswa kabanzi njengesithambisi, inhlaka kanye ne-colloid evikelayo njll. Ingasetshenziswa futhi njengesithambisi se-emulsion polymerization, isithambisi se-bonding sembewu, i-slurry yendwangu, isithambisi sokudla nezimonyo, inhlaka yezokwelapha, izinto zokumboza izidakamizwa, futhi isetshenziswa kupende we-latex, uyinki wokunyathelisa, ukukhiqizwa kwe-ceramic, futhi ixutshwe nesamente. Isetshenziselwa ukulawula isikhathi sokusetha nokwandisa amandla okuqala, njll. Imikhiqizo ye-ethyl cellulose inamandla aphezulu okusebenza, ukuguquguquka, ukumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nokubanda. I-ethyl cellulose ethathelwe indawo ephansi iyancibilika emanzini futhi inciphise izixazululo ze-alkaline, kanti imikhiqizo ethathelwe indawo ephezulu iyancibilika ezinyibilikisweni eziningi zezinto eziphilayo. Ihambisana kahle nama-resin ahlukahlukene kanye nama-plasticizer. Ingasetshenziswa ukwenza amapulasitiki, amafilimu, ama-varnish, ama-adhesive, i-latex nezinto zokumboza zemithi, njll. Ukufakwa kwamaqembu e-hydroxyalkyl kuma-cellulose alkyl ethers kungathuthukisa ukuncibilika kwayo, kunciphise ukuzwela kwayo ekukhishweni kukasawoti, kwandise izinga lokushisa le-gelation futhi kuthuthukise izakhiwo zokuncibilika okushisayo, njll. Izinga lokushintsha kulezi zakhiwo ezingenhla liyahlukahluka kuye ngohlobo lwezinto ezithatha indawo kanye nesilinganiso samaqembu e-alkyl kuya ku-hydroxyalkyl.
I-Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Ezimele yi-hydroxyethyl cellulose kanye ne-hydroxypropyl cellulose. Ama-etherifying agents ama-epoxide afana ne-ethylene oxide kanye ne-propylene oxide. Sebenzisa i-acid noma isisekelo njenge-catalyst. Ukukhiqizwa kwezimboni kuwukusabela ku-alkali cellulose nge-etherification agent:i-hydroxyethyl celluloseenenani eliphezulu lokufaka esikhundleni iyancibilika kokubili emanzini abandayo kanye nasemanzini ashisayo. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enenani eliphezulu lokufaka esikhundleni iyancibilika kuphela emanzini abandayo kodwa hhayi emanzini ashisayo. I-Hydroxyethyl cellulose ingasetshenziswa njengesithako sokujiya kwe-latex coating, ama-paste okunyathelisa nokudaya izindwangu, izinto zokulinganisa amaphepha, izinamathiseli kanye nama-colloid avikelayo. Ukusetshenziswa kwe-hydroxypropyl cellulose kufana nokwe-hydroxyethyl cellulose. I-Hydroxypropyl cellulose enenani eliphansi lokufaka esikhundleni ingasetshenziswa njengesithako semithi, esingaba nezakhiwo zokubopha kanye nokuqhekeka.
I-Carboxymethyl cellulose, isifinyezo sesiNgisi i-CMC, ngokuvamile ikhona ngesimo sikasawoti we-sodium. I-etherifying agent yi-monochloroacetic acid, futhi ukusabela kungokulandelayo:
I-Carboxymethyl cellulose iyi-ether ye-cellulose encibilika emanzini esetshenziswa kakhulu. Esikhathini esidlule, yayisetshenziswa kakhulu njengodaka lokubhoboza, kodwa manje isinwetshiwe ukuze isetshenziswe njengesithako sensipho, udaka lwezingubo, upende we-latex, ukumbozwa kwekhadibhodi nephepha, njll. I-carboxymethyl cellulose emsulwa ingasetshenziswa ekudleni, emithini, ezimonyweni, kanye nanjengesinamathelisi sezinto zobumba kanye nezikhunta.
I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) iyi-ionic cellulose ether futhi ingumkhiqizo osezingeni eliphezulu wokufaka esikhundleni se-carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Iyimpuphu noma i-granule emhlophe, emhlophe noma ephuzi kancane, ayinabo ubuthi, ayinambitheki, kulula ukuyincibilikisa emanzini ukuze yakhe isisombululo esibonakalayo esine-viscosity ethile, inokuqina okungcono kokumelana nokushisa kanye nokumelana nosawoti, kanye nezakhiwo ezinamandla zokulwa namagciwane. Ayinawo umuncu kanye nokuwohloka. Inezici zobumsulwa obuphezulu, izinga eliphezulu lokufaka esikhundleni, kanye nokusatshalaliswa okufanayo kwezinto ezithatha indawo. Ingasetshenziswa njenge-binder, thickener, rheology modifier, fluid loss reducer, suspension stabilizer, njll. I-Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) isetshenziswa kabanzi kuzo zonke izimboni lapho i-CMC ingasetshenziswa khona, okunganciphisa kakhulu umthamo, kube lula ukusetshenziswa, kuhlinzeke ngokuqina okungcono futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zenqubo ephezulu.
I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ingumkhiqizo wokusabela kwe-cellulose ne-acrylonitrile ngaphansi kwe-catalysis ye-alkali.
I-Cyanoethyl cellulose ine-dielectric coefficient ephezulu kanye ne-low loss coefficient futhi ingasetshenziswa njenge-resin matrix yezibani ze-phosphor kanye ne-electroluminescent. I-cyanoethyl cellulose efakwe endaweni ephansi ingasetshenziswa njengephepha lokuvikela ama-transformer.
Kuye kwalungiswa ama-ethers ane-alcohol amaningi, ama-alkenyl ethers, kanye nama-ethers ane-alcohol anuka kamnandi e-cellulose, kodwa awazange asetshenziswe ngokoqobo.
Izindlela zokulungiselela i-cellulose ether zingahlukaniswa zibe indlela ephakathi kwamanzi, indlela yokuxazulula inkinga, indlela yokuxova, indlela yokuxuba, indlela yokuxuba igesi, indlela yesigaba soketshezi kanye nokuhlanganiswa kwezindlela ezingenhla.
5. Isimiso sokulungiselela:
I-pulp ephezulu ye-α-cellulose imanziswa ngesisombululo se-alkaline ukuze ivuvuke ukuze ibhubhise izibopho ze-hydrogen ezengeziwe, ihlinzeke ngokusakazwa kwama-reagents futhi ikhiqize i-alkali cellulose, bese isabela ne-etherification agent ukuze ithole i-cellulose ether. Ama-etherifying agents afaka ama-hydrocarbon halides (noma ama-sulfates), ama-epoxide, kanye nama-α kanye nama-β unsaturated compounds anama-electron amukelayo.
6. Ukusebenza okuyisisekelo:
Izingxube zidlala indima ebalulekile ekuthuthukiseni ukusebenza kokwakha udaka oluxutshwe okomile, futhi zibiza ngaphezu kuka-40% wezindleko zezinto zokwakha udaka oluxutshwe okomile. Ingxenye enkulu yokuxuba emakethe yasekhaya ihlinzekwa ngabakhiqizi bangaphandle, futhi isilinganiso somkhiqizo sinikezwa ngumhlinzeki. Ngenxa yalokho, izindleko zemikhiqizo yodaka oluxutshwe okomile zihlala ziphezulu, futhi kunzima ukwenza izingxube ezivamile zobumba nokuplasta zibe zithandwa kakhulu ngenani elikhulu nobubanzi. Imikhiqizo yemakethe ephezulu ilawulwa yizinkampani zakwamanye amazwe, kanti abakhiqizi bodaka oluxutshwe okomile banenzuzo ephansi kanye nokungabizi kakhulu ngentengo; ukusetshenziswa kwezingxube akunalo ucwaningo oluhlelekile noluqondiwe, futhi kulandela ngokungacabangi amafomula akwamanye amazwe.
I-ejenti yokugcina amanzi iyinhlanganisela ebalulekile yokuthuthukisa ukusebenza kokugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-mortar exutshwe okomile, futhi ingenye yenhlanganisela ebalulekile yokunquma izindleko zezinto zokwakha ze-mortar exutshwe okomile. Umsebenzi oyinhloko we-cellulose ether ukugcinwa kwamanzi.
I-Cellulose ether yigama elijwayelekile lochungechunge lwemikhiqizo ekhiqizwa ukusabela kwe-alkali cellulose kanye ne-etherifying agent ngaphansi kwezimo ezithile. I-alkali cellulose ithathelwa indawo yi-ethers ehlukene etherifying ukuze kutholakale ama-ether e-cellulose ahlukene. Ngokwezakhiwo ze-ionization zezinto ezithatha indawo, ama-ether e-cellulose angahlukaniswa ngezigaba ezimbili: i-ionic (njenge-carboxymethyl cellulose) kanye ne-nonionic (njenge-methyl cellulose). Ngokohlobo lwe-substituent, i-cellulose ether ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-monoether (njenge-methyl cellulose) kanye ne-ether exubile (njenge-hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Ngokwe-solubility ehlukene, ingahlukaniswa ibe yi-solubility yamanzi (njenge-hydroxyethyl cellulose) kanye ne-organic solvent solubility (njenge-ethyl cellulose). I-dry-mixed mortar ikakhulukazi i-cellulose encibilikayo emanzini, kanti i-cellulose encibilikayo emanzini ihlukaniswe ibe uhlobo olusheshayo kanye nohlobo lokuncibilika oluphathwe ubuso.
Indlela yokusebenza kwe-cellulose ether ku-mortar yile elandelayo:
(1) Ngemvai-cellulose etherUma i-mortar incibilikiswa emanzini, ukusatshalaliswa okusebenzayo nokulinganayo kwezinto eziqinisayo ohlelweni kuqinisekiswa ngenxa yomsebenzi wobuso, kanti i-cellulose ether, njenge-colloid evikelayo, "isonga" izinhlayiya eziqinile futhi Kukhiwa ungqimba lwefilimu yokugcoba ebusweni bayo bangaphandle, okwenza uhlelo lwe-mortar luzinze kakhudlwana, futhi kuthuthukise ukugeleza kwe-mortar ngesikhathi senqubo yokuxuba kanye nokushelela kokwakhiwa.
(2) Ngenxa yesakhiwo saso sama-molecule, isixazululo se-cellulose ether senza umswakama osesigqumeni ungalahleki kalula, futhi kancane kancane siwukhipha isikhathi eside, okwenza isigqumeni sibe nokugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle nokusebenza kahle.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-28-2024