Cellulose etherndi puloteni ya polima yokhala ndi kapangidwe ka etha yopangidwa ndi cellulose. Mzere uliwonse wa glucosyl mu cellulose macromolecule uli ndi magulu atatu a hydroxyl, gulu loyamba la hydroxyl pa atomu yachisanu ndi chimodzi ya kaboni, gulu lachiwiri la hydroxyl pa atomu yachiwiri ndi yachitatu ya kaboni, ndipo hydrogen mu gulu la hydroxyl imasinthidwa ndi gulu la hydrocarbon kuti ipange zinthu zochokera ku cellulose ether. Ndi chinthu chomwe hydrogen ya gulu la hydroxyl mu cellulose polymer imasinthidwa ndi gulu la hydrocarbon. Cellulose ndi puloteni ya polyhydroxy polymer yomwe siisungunuka kapena kusungunuka. Pambuyo pa etherification, cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi, imachepetsa alkali solution ndi organic solvent, ndipo imakhala ndi thermoplasticity.
Cellulose ndi polyhydroxy polymer compound yomwe siisungunuka kapena kusungunuka. Pambuyo pa etherification, cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi, imachepetsa alkali solution ndi organic solvent, ndipo imakhala ndi thermoplasticity.
1. Chilengedwe:
Kusungunuka kwa cellulose pambuyo pa etherification kumasintha kwambiri. Imatha kusungunuka m'madzi, kuchepetsa asidi, kuchepetsa alkali kapena organic solvent. Kusungunuka kumadalira makamaka zinthu zitatu: (1) Makhalidwe a magulu omwe ayambitsidwa mu ndondomeko ya etherification, omwe ayambitsidwa. Gulu likakula, kusungunuka kumachepa, komanso polarity ya gulu lomwe layambitsidwa, kumakhala kosavuta kuti cellulose ether isungunuke m'madzi; (2) Mlingo wosinthira ndi kufalikira kwa magulu otenthedwa mu macromolecule. Ma cellulose ether ambiri amatha kusungunuka m'madzi pokhapokha ngati pali gawo linalake losinthira, ndipo mlingo wosinthira uli pakati pa 0 ndi 3; (3) Mlingo wa polymerization wa cellulose ether, kuchuluka kwa polymerization, kumakhala kochepa kusungunuka; Mlingo wocheperako wosinthira womwe ungasungunuke m'madzi, ndi waukulu kwambiri. Pali mitundu yambiri ya ma cellulose ethers omwe amagwira ntchito bwino kwambiri, ndipo amagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri pa zomangamanga, simenti, mafuta, chakudya, nsalu, sopo, utoto, mankhwala, mapepala ndi zida zamagetsi ndi mafakitale ena.
2. Pangani:
China ndi dziko lomwe limapanga komanso kugwiritsa ntchito kwambiri cellulose ether padziko lonse lapansi, ndipo kuchuluka kwapakati pachaka kumapitilira 20%. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zoyambirira, pali makampani opanga cellulose ether pafupifupi 50 ku China, mphamvu yopangira cellulose ether yapitilira matani 400,000, ndipo pali makampani pafupifupi 20 omwe ali ndi matani opitilira 10,000, omwe amagawidwa makamaka ku Shandong, Hebei, Chongqing ndi Jiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai ndi malo ena.
3. Akufunika:
Mu 2011, mphamvu ya CMC ku China inali pafupifupi matani 300,000. Chifukwa cha kufunikira kwakukulu kwa ma ether apamwamba a cellulose m'mafakitale monga mankhwala, chakudya, ndi mankhwala a tsiku ndi tsiku, kufunikira kwa zinthu zina za cellulose ether kupatula CMC kukuwonjezeka. , mphamvu ya MC/HPMC yopanga ndi pafupifupi matani 120,000, ndipo ya HEC ndi pafupifupi matani 20,000. PAC ikadali mu gawo lokwezera ndi kugwiritsa ntchito ku China. Ndi chitukuko cha minda yayikulu yamafuta m'mphepete mwa nyanja komanso chitukuko cha zipangizo zomangira, chakudya, mankhwala ndi mafakitale ena, kuchuluka ndi munda wa PAC zikuwonjezeka ndikukula chaka ndi chaka, ndi mphamvu yopangira yoposa matani 10,000.
4. Gulu:
Malinga ndi kapangidwe ka mankhwala, zinthuzi zitha kugawidwa m'magulu a anionic, cationic ndi nonionic ethers. Kutengera ndi ether yogwiritsidwa ntchito, pali methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi phenyl cellulose, ndi zina zotero. Methyl cellulose ndi ethyl cellulose ndizothandiza kwambiri.
Methylcellulose:
Thonje loyengedwa likaphikidwa ndi alkali, cellulose ether imapangidwa kudzera mu njira zosiyanasiyana zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi methane chloride ngati etherification. Kawirikawiri, mlingo wa kusintha ndi 1.6 ~ 2.0, ndipo kusungunuka kumasiyananso ndi madigiri osiyanasiyana a kusintha. Ndi ya non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, ndipo zimakhala zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Madzi ake ndi olimba kwambiri pa pH = 3 ~ 12. Imagwirizana bwino ndi starch, guar gum, ndi zina zotero. Kutentha kukafika pa kutentha kwa gelation, gelation imachitika.
(2) Kusunga madzi kwa methyl cellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake kowonjezera, kukhuthala, kukula kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka. Kawirikawiri, ngati kuchuluka kowonjezera kuli kwakukulu, kusalala kwake kuli kochepa, ndipo kukhuthala kwake kuli kwakukulu, kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa madzi kumakhala kwakukulu. Pakati pawo, kuchuluka kwa kuwonjezeredwa kumakhudza kwambiri kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa madzi, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kukhuthala sikufanana mwachindunji ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa madzi. Kusungunuka kwa madzi kumadalira makamaka kuchuluka kwa kusintha kwa pamwamba pa tinthu tating'onoting'ono ta cellulose ndi kusalala kwa tinthu tating'onoting'ono. Pakati pa ma cellulose ether omwe ali pamwambapa, methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zili ndi kuchuluka kwa kusungunuka kwa madzi.
(3) Kusintha kwa kutentha kungakhudze kwambiri kusunga madzi kwa methyl cellulose. Nthawi zambiri, kutentha kukakhala kwakukulu, kusunga madzi kumakhala koipa kwambiri. Ngati kutentha kwa matope kupitirira 40°C, kusunga madzi kwa methyl cellulose kudzachepa kwambiri, zomwe zingakhudze kwambiri kapangidwe ka matopewo.
(4)Methyl celluloseZimakhudza kwambiri kugwira ntchito ndi kugwirizana kwa matope. Mawu akuti “kumatira” pano akutanthauza mphamvu yolumikizirana yomwe imamveka pakati pa chida chogwiritsira ntchito ndi khoma, ndiko kuti, kukana kumeta kwa matope. Kumatirako kuli kokwera, kukana kumeta kwa matope ndi kwakukulu, ndipo mphamvu zomwe ogwira ntchito amafunikira pakugwiritsa ntchito matopewo ndi zazikulu, ndipo magwiridwe antchito a matopewo ndi ochepa. Kugwirizana kwa methyl cellulose kuli pamlingo wapakati pazinthu za cellulose ether.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi mtundu wa cellulose womwe kutulutsa ndi kugwiritsa ntchito kwake kukuwonjezeka mofulumira. Ndi ether yosakanikirana ya cellulose yosakhala ionic yopangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyengedwa pambuyo pa alkalization, pogwiritsa ntchito propylene oxide ndi methyl chloride ngati etherification, kudzera muzochita zingapo. Mlingo wa kusintha nthawi zambiri umakhala 1.2 ~ 2.0. Katundu wake amasiyana malinga ndi chiŵerengero cha methoxyl ndi hydroxypropyl.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imasungunuka mosavuta m'madzi ozizira, ndipo imakumana ndi zovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Koma kutentha kwake kwa gelation m'madzi otentha ndi kwakukulu kwambiri kuposa kwa methyl cellulose. Kusungunuka m'madzi ozizira nakonso kumawonjezeka kwambiri poyerekeza ndi methyl cellulose.
(2) Kukhuthala kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumagwirizana ndi kulemera kwake kwa mamolekyulu, ndipo kulemera kwa mamolekyulu kukakhala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kumawonjezeka. Kutentha kumakhudzanso kukhuthala kwake, pamene kutentha kumawonjezeka, kukhuthala kumachepa. Komabe, mphamvu ya kukhuthala kwake kwakukulu ndi kutentha kwake zimakhala zochepa kuposa za methyl cellulose. Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika likasungidwa kutentha kwa chipinda.
(3) Kusunga madzi kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumadalira kuchuluka kwake kowonjezera, kukhuthala kwake, ndi zina zotero, ndipo kuchuluka kwake kosungira madzi pansi pa kuchuluka komweko kowonjezera kumakhala kwakukulu kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseNdi yokhazikika ku asidi ndi alkali, ndipo yankho lake lamadzi ndi lokhazikika kwambiri pa pH = 2 ~ 12. Madzi a Caustic soda ndi laimu sakhudza kwambiri magwiridwe ake, koma alkali imatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kukhuthala kwake. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ndi yokhazikika ku mchere wamba, koma pamene kuchuluka kwa mchere kuli kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa yankho la hydroxypropyl methylcellulose kumawonjezeka.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ikhoza kusakanikirana ndi mankhwala a polymer osungunuka m'madzi kuti apange yankho lofanana komanso lokhuthala kwambiri. Monga polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, ndi zina zotero.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ili ndi kukana bwino kwa ma enzyme kuposa methylcellulose, ndipo yankho lake silingathe kuwonongeka ndi ma enzyme kuposa methylcellulose.
(7) Kugwirizana kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ku matope opangidwa ndi matope n'kokwera kuposa kwa methylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
Imapangidwa kuchokera ku thonje loyengedwa bwino lokonzedwa ndi alkali, ndipo imayatsidwa ndi ethylene oxide ngati etherification ngati ilipo ndi isopropanol. Mlingo wake wosinthira nthawi zambiri ndi 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ili ndi hydrophilicity yamphamvu ndipo imayamwa mosavuta chinyezi.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira, koma imakhala yovuta kusungunuka m'madzi otentha. Yankho lake ndi lokhazikika kutentha kwambiri popanda gelling. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa nthawi yayitali kutentha kwambiri mu mortar, koma kusunga kwake madzi ndi kochepa kuposa kwa methyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose imakhala yokhazikika ku asidi wamba ndi alkali, ndipo alkali imatha kufulumizitsa kusungunuka kwake ndikuwonjezera pang'ono kukhuthala kwake. Kufalikira kwake m'madzi ndi koipa pang'ono kuposa kwa methyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ili ndi mphamvu yabwino yoletsa kutsika kwa matope, koma simenti imachedwa kutsika nthawi yayitali.
(4) Kagwiridwe ka ntchito ka hydroxyethyl cellulose komwe kamapangidwa ndi mabizinesi ena am'nyumba n'kotsika poyerekeza ndi ka methyl cellulose chifukwa cha kuchuluka kwa madzi ndi phulusa.
(5) Nkhungu ya madzi a hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi yoopsa kwambiri. Pa kutentha kwa pafupifupi 40°C, nkhungu ingachitike mkati mwa masiku atatu mpaka asanu, zomwe zingakhudze magwiridwe ake ntchito.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Lonic cellulose ether imapangidwa kuchokera ku ulusi wachilengedwe (thonje, ndi zina zotero) pambuyo pochiza alkali, pogwiritsa ntchito sodium monochloroacetate ngati etherification agent, ndipo imachitidwa chithandizo chamankhwala osiyanasiyana. Mlingo wa kusintha nthawi zambiri umakhala 0.4 ~ 1.4, ndipo magwiridwe antchito ake amakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi kuchuluka kwa kusintha.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose ndi yopyapyala kwambiri, ndipo imakhala ndi madzi ambiri ikasungidwa bwino.
(2) Madzi a Carboxymethyl cellulose sapanga gel, ndipo kukhuthala kumachepa kutentha kukakwera. Kutentha kukapitirira 50°C, kukhuthala sikungasinthe.
(3) Kukhazikika kwake kumakhudzidwa kwambiri ndi pH. Nthawi zambiri, ingagwiritsidwe ntchito mu matope opangidwa ndi gypsum, koma osati mu matope opangidwa ndi simenti. Ikakhala yamchere kwambiri, imataya kukhuthala.
(4) Kusunga kwake madzi ndi kochepa kwambiri kuposa methyl cellulose. Kumachedwetsa ntchito ya matope okhala ndi gypsum ndipo kumachepetsa mphamvu yake. Komabe, mtengo wa carboxymethyl cellulose ndi wotsika kwambiri kuposa wa methyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Oyimira ndi methyl cellulose ndi ethyl cellulose. Pakupanga mafakitale, methyl chloride kapena ethyl chloride nthawi zambiri amagwiritsidwa ntchito ngati etherification agent, ndipo izi zimachitika motere:
Mu fomula, R imayimira CH3 kapena C2H5. Kuchuluka kwa alkali sikumangokhudza kuchuluka kwa etherification, komanso kumakhudzanso kumwa kwa alkyl halides. Kuchuluka kwa alkali kukachepa, hydrolysis ya alkyl halide imakhala yolimba. Pofuna kuchepetsa kugwiritsa ntchito mankhwala ophera etherifying, kuchuluka kwa alkali kuyenera kuwonjezeka. Komabe, pamene kuchuluka kwa alkali kuli kwakukulu, mphamvu ya kutupa kwa cellulose imachepa, zomwe sizikugwirizana ndi etherification reaction, ndipo kuchuluka kwa etherification kumachepa. Pachifukwa ichi, lye yokhazikika kapena solid lye ikhoza kuwonjezeredwa panthawi ya reaction. Reactor iyenera kukhala ndi chipangizo chabwino chosakaniza ndi kung'amba kuti alkali igawidwe mofanana. Methyl cellulose imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati chokhuthala, chomatira, ndi choteteza colloid ndi zina zotero. Ingagwiritsidwenso ntchito ngati chothira polima emulsion, chothira bonding cha mbewu, slurry ya nsalu, chowonjezera cha chakudya ndi zodzoladzola, chomatira chachipatala, chophimba mankhwala, ndikugwiritsidwa ntchito mu utoto wa latex, inki yosindikizira, kupanga ceramic, ndikusakaniza mu simenti. Imagwiritsidwa ntchito kuwongolera nthawi yoyika ndikuwonjezera mphamvu yoyambira, ndi zina zotero. Zinthu za ethyl cellulose zimakhala ndi mphamvu zambiri zamakaniko, kusinthasintha, kukana kutentha komanso kukana kuzizira. Ethyl cellulose yosinthidwa pang'ono imasungunuka m'madzi ndikuchepetsa mayankho a alkaline, ndipo zinthu zosinthidwa kwambiri zimasungunuka mu zosungunulira zambiri zachilengedwe. Imagwirizana bwino ndi ma resins osiyanasiyana ndi ma plasticizer. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito popanga mapulasitiki, mafilimu, ma varnish, zomatira, latex ndi zinthu zokutira mankhwala, ndi zina zotero. Kuyika magulu a hydroxyalkyl mu cellulose alkyl ethers kumatha kukulitsa kusungunuka kwake, kuchepetsa kukhudzidwa kwake ndi mchere, kuonjezera kutentha kwa gelation ndikuwonjezera mphamvu zosungunuka zotentha, ndi zina zotero. Mlingo wa kusintha kwa zinthu zomwe zili pamwambapa umasiyana malinga ndi mtundu wa zinthu zomwe zimalowa m'malo mwake komanso chiŵerengero cha magulu a alkyl ndi hydroxyalkyl.
Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether：
Zoyimira ndi hydroxyethyl cellulose ndi hydroxypropyl cellulose. Zothandizira kutentha ndi ma epoxide monga ethylene oxide ndi propylene oxide. Gwiritsani ntchito asidi kapena maziko ngati chothandizira. Kupanga mafakitale ndi kuchitira alkali cellulose ndi chothandizira kutentha:hydroxyethyl celluloseNgati pali phindu lalikulu losinthira, limasungunuka m'madzi ozizira komanso m'madzi otentha. Hydroxypropyl cellulose yomwe ili ndi phindu lalikulu losinthira imasungunuka m'madzi ozizira okha koma osati m'madzi otentha. Hydroxyethyl cellulose ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chokhuthala cha zokutira za latex, zopaka nsalu ndi zopaka utoto, zinthu zopangira kukula kwa mapepala, zomatira ndi ma colloids oteteza. Kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxypropyl cellulose kuli kofanana ndi kugwiritsa ntchito hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl cellulose yokhala ndi phindu lotsika losinthira ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha mankhwala, chomwe chingakhale ndi mphamvu zomangirira komanso zosweka.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, chidule cha Chingerezi cha CMC, nthawi zambiri chimapezeka mu mawonekedwe a mchere wa sodium. Chothandizira kutentha ndi monochloroacetic acid, ndipo izi zimachitika motere:
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndi ether yosungunuka m'madzi yomwe imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Kale, imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ngati matope obowola, koma tsopano yawonjezeredwa kuti igwiritsidwe ntchito ngati chowonjezera cha sopo, matope opaka zovala, utoto wa latex, utoto wa makatoni ndi pepala, ndi zina zotero. Carboxymethyl cellulose yoyera ingagwiritsidwe ntchito muzakudya, mankhwala, zodzoladzola, komanso ngati chomatira cha ziwiya zadothi ndi nkhungu.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ndi ionic cellulose ether ndipo ndi chinthu cholowa m'malo mwa carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Ndi ufa woyera, woyera pang'ono kapena wachikasu pang'ono, wopanda poizoni, wopanda kukoma, wosavuta kusungunuka m'madzi kuti apange yankho lowonekera bwino ndi kukhuthala kwina, uli ndi kukhazikika bwino kwa kutentha komanso kukana mchere, komanso uli ndi mphamvu zolimba zotsutsana ndi mabakiteriya. Palibe mildew ndi kuwonongeka. Ili ndi makhalidwe a kuyera kwambiri, kusintha kwakukulu, komanso kugawa kofanana kwa zinthu zolowa m'malo. Itha kugwiritsidwa ntchito ngati chomangira, chothina, chosinthira rheology, chochepetsa kutayika kwa madzi, chokhazikika, ndi zina zotero. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri m'mafakitale onse komwe CMC ingagwiritsidwe ntchito, zomwe zimatha kuchepetsa kwambiri mlingo, kuthandizira kugwiritsa ntchito, kupereka kukhazikika bwino ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira zapamwamba panjira.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ndi chinthu chomwe chimachokera ku cellulose ndi acrylonitrile pansi pa catalysis ya alkali.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ili ndi dielectric coefficient yokhazikika komanso yotsika mtengo ndipo ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati resin matrix ya phosphor ndi nyali za electroluminescent. Cyanoethyl cellulose yocheperako ingagwiritsidwe ntchito ngati pepala loteteza ma transformers.
Ma ethers okhala ndi mafuta ambiri, ma alkenyl ethers, ndi ma ethers okhala ndi mafuta ambiri a cellulose akonzedwa, koma sanagwiritsidwe ntchito kwenikweni.
Njira zokonzekera ether ya cellulose zitha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: njira yopangira madzi, njira yosungunulira, njira yokanda, njira yothira madzi, njira yothira mpweya, njira ya gawo lamadzimadzi ndi kuphatikiza kwa njira zomwe zili pamwambapa.
5. Mfundo yokonzekera:
Ma pulp a α-cellulose ambiri amanyowa ndi yankho la alkaline kuti lizifufume kuti liwononge ma hydrogen bonds ambiri, lithandize kufalikira kwa ma reagents ndikupanga alkali cellulose, kenako limachitapo kanthu ndi etherification agent kuti lipeze cellulose ether. Ma etherifying agents ndi monga hydrocarbon halides (kapena sulfates), epoxides, ndi α ndi β unsaturated compounds ndi ma electron acceptors.
6. Magwiridwe antchito oyambira:
Zosakaniza zimathandiza kwambiri pakukweza magwiridwe antchito a matope osakaniza ndi madzi, ndipo zimawononga ndalama zoposa 40% ya mtengo wa zinthu zomwe zimagwiritsidwa ntchito mu matope osakaniza ndi madzi. Gawo lalikulu la zosakaniza zomwe zimapezeka pamsika wamkati zimaperekedwa ndi opanga akunja, ndipo mlingo wofunikira wa chinthucho umaperekedwanso ndi wogulitsa. Zotsatira zake, mtengo wa zinthu zosakaniza ndi madzi osakaniza ndi madzi osakaniza ndi madzi umakhalabe wokwera, ndipo n'zovuta kutchukitsa matope odziwika bwino okhala ndi miyala ndi pulasitala ndi kuchuluka kwakukulu komanso kosiyanasiyana. Zinthu zamsika wapamwamba zimayendetsedwa ndi makampani akunja, ndipo opanga matope osakaniza ndi madzi ali ndi phindu lochepa komanso mitengo yotsika; kugwiritsa ntchito zosakaniza sikuli ndi kafukufuku wokonzedwa bwino komanso wolunjika, ndipo amatsatira mosazindikira njira zakunja.
Chosungira madzi ndi chinthu chofunikira kwambiri chokonzera ntchito yosungira madzi ya matope osakaniza owuma, ndipo ndi chimodzi mwa zinthu zofunika kwambiri zosungira madzi kuti zidziwike mtengo wa zipangizo zosakaniza madzi. Ntchito yaikulu ya cellulose ether ndikusunga madzi.
Cellulose ether ndi dzina lathunthu la zinthu zingapo zomwe zimapangidwa ndi momwe alkali cellulose imagwirira ntchito komanso momwe imagwirira ntchito pansi pa mikhalidwe ina. Alkali cellulose imasinthidwa ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana zotenthetsera kuti ipeze ma ether osiyanasiyana a cellulose. Malinga ndi momwe zinthu zosinthira zimakhalira, ma ether a cellulose amatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ionic (monga carboxymethyl cellulose) ndi nonionic (monga methyl cellulose). Malinga ndi mtundu wa substituent, cellulose ether imatha kugawidwa m'magulu awiri (monga methyl cellulose) ndi mixed ether (monga hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Malinga ndi kusungunuka kosiyanasiyana, imatha kugawidwa m'madzi osungunuka (monga hydroxyethyl cellulose) ndi organic solvent solubility (monga ethyl cellulose). Dry-mixed mortar makamaka ndi madzi osungunuka, ndipo madzi osungunuka amagawidwa m'magulu awiri a instant type ndi surface-treated delayed-dissolving type.
Limagwirira ntchito la efa wa cellulose mu matope ndi motere:
(1) Pambuyo paether ya celluloseMu matope amasungunuka m'madzi, kufalikira kogwira mtima komanso kofanana kwa zinthu zomangira simenti mu dongosolo kumatsimikizika chifukwa cha ntchito ya pamwamba, ndipo cellulose ether, monga colloid yoteteza, "imakulunga" tinthu tolimba ndipo Filimu yopaka mafuta imapangidwa pamwamba pake panja, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matope azikhazikika, komanso zimathandizira kuti matope aziyenda bwino panthawi yosakaniza komanso kuti ntchito yomanga ikhale yosalala.
(2) Chifukwa cha kapangidwe kake ka molekyulu, yankho la cellulose ether limapangitsa kuti chinyezi chomwe chili mu matope chisakhale chosavuta kutaya, ndipo pang'onopang'ono chimachitulutsa kwa nthawi yayitali, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti matopewo azikhala ndi madzi okwanira komanso kuti azitha kugwira ntchito bwino.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-28-2024