Cellulose etheripolymer compound ine chimiro che ether chakagadzirwa ne cellulose. Mhete yega yega ye glucosyl iri mu cellulose macromolecule ine mapoka matatu e hydroxyl, boka rekutanga re hydroxyl paatomu yechitanhatu yekabhoni, boka rechipiri re hydroxyl paatomu yechipiri neyechitatu yekabhoni, uye hydrogen iri mu hydroxyl group inotsiviwa neboka re hydrocarbon kuti igadzire zvinhu zvinobva mu cellulose ether. Ichi chigadzirwa umo hydrogen ye hydroxyl group iri mu cellulose polymer inotsiviwa neboka re hydrocarbon. Cellulose ipolyhydroxy polymer compound isinganyungudike kana kunyungudika. Mushure me etherification, cellulose inonyungudika mumvura, inonyungudutsa alkali solution uye organic solvent, uye ine thermoplasticity.
Cellulose imusanganiswa wepolyhydroxy polymer usinganyungudike kana kunyungudika. Mushure mekupiswa, cellulose inonyungudika mumvura, inonyungudutsa alkali solution uye organic solvent, uye ine thermoplasticity.
1. Zvisikwa:
Kunyungudika kwecellulose mushure mekunyungudika kwe ether kunochinja zvakanyanya. Inogona kunyungudika mumvura, kunyungudika acid, kunyungudika alkali kana organic solvent. Kunyungudika kunonyanya kutsamira pazvinhu zvitatu: (1) Hunhu hwemapoka akaunzwa mukuita kwe etherification, akaunzwa. Boka rakakura, kunyungudika kunowedzera, uye polarity yeboka rakaunzwa iri kusimba, zviri nyore kuti cellulose ether inyungudike mumvura; (2) Dhigirii rekutsiva uye kugoverwa kwemapoka e ether mu macromolecule. Mazhinji e cellulose ethers anogona kunyungudika mumvura chete pasi pedanho rakati rekutsiva, uye dhigirii rekutsiva riri pakati pe0 ne3; (3) Dhigirii rekupomera kwe cellulose ether, dhigirii rekupomera rakakwirira, kunyungudika kushoma; Dhigirii rekutsiva rinogona kunyungudika mumvura rakaderera, huwandu hwaro hwakakura. Kune mhando dzakawanda dze cellulose ethers dzine mashandiro akanaka, uye dzinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mukuvaka, simende, peturu, chikafu, machira, sipo, pendi, mishonga, kugadzira mapepa uye zvikamu zvemagetsi nemamwe maindasitiri.
2. Kuvandudza:
China ndiyo nyika inogadzira uye inoshandisa cellulose ether zvakanyanya pasi rose, ine avhareji yekukura kwegore negore inodarika 20%. Zvichienderana nehuwandu hwekutanga, kune mabhizinesi ekugadzira cellulose ether angangoita makumi mashanu muChina, kugona kwekugadzira kwakagadzirwa kweindasitiri ye cellulose ether kwapfuura matani zviuru mazana mana, uye kune mabhizinesi angangoita makumi maviri ane matani anopfuura zviuru gumi, anonyanya kugoverwa muShandong, Hebei, Chongqing neJiangsu, Zhejiang, Shanghai nedzimwe nzvimbo.
3. Zvinodiwa:
Muna 2011, kugona kwekugadzira CMC muChina kwaive matani angangoita 300,000. Nekukura kuri kuita kudiwa kwe ether dzemhando yepamusoro dze cellulose mumaindasitiri akadai semishonga, chikafu, uye makemikari ezuva nezuva, kudiwa kwemuno kwezvimwe zvigadzirwa zve ether zve cellulose kunze kweCMC kuri kuwedzera. , kugona kwekugadzira kweMC/HPMC kuri matani angangoita 120,000, uye kweHEC kuri matani angangoita 20,000. PAC ichiri muchikamu chekusimudzira nekushandisa muChina. Nekuvandudzwa kweminda mikuru yemafuta iri kunze kwegungwa uye kugadzirwa kwezvinhu zvekuvaka, chikafu, makemikari nedzimwe nzvimbo, huwandu nemunda wePAC zviri kuwedzera uye kuwedzera gore negore, nekukwanisa kwekugadzira kunodarika matani 10,000.
4. Kupatsanura:
Zvichienderana nekugadzirwa kwemakemikari, zvinogona kukamurwa kuita anionic, cationic uye nonionic ethers. Zvichienderana nechinhu chinoshandiswa pakugadzira ether, pane methyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl methyl cellulose, carboxymethyl cellulose, ethyl cellulose, benzyl cellulose, hydroxyethyl cellulose, hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose cellulose, cyanoethyl cellulose, benzyl cyanoethyl cellulose, carboxymethyl hydroxyethyl cellulose uye phenyl cellulose, nezvimwewo. Methyl cellulose uye ethyl cellulose zvinoshanda zvakanyanya.
Methylcellulose:
Mushure mekunge donje rakanatswa ragadziriswa nealkali, cellulose ether inogadzirwa kuburikidza nekuita kwakasiyana-siyana nemethane chloride se etherification agent. Kazhinji, mwero wekutsiva i1.6 ~ 2.0, uye kunyungudika kwakasiyanawo nemwero wakasiyana wekutsiva. Ndewe non-ionic cellulose ether.
(1) Methylcellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, uye zvichave zvakaoma kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mvura yayo inonyungudika zvikuru muhuwandu hwepH=3~12. Inoenderana zvakanaka nestarch, guar gum, nezvimwewo uye masurfactants akawanda. Kana tembiricha yasvika patembiricha yegelation, gelation inoitika.
(2) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, saizi yezvikamu uye mwero wekunyungudika. Kazhinji, kana huwandu hwekuwedzera huri hukuru, kupfava kuri kudiki, uye viscosity yakakura, mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira. Pakati pazvo, huwandu hwekuwedzera hune simba guru pahuwandu hwekuchengetedza mvura, uye mwero weviscosity hauenderane zvakananga nemwero wekuchengetedza mvura. Mwero wekunyungudika unonyanya kuenderana nehuwandu hwekuchinja kwezvikamu zvecellulose uye kupfava kwezvikamu. Pakati peethers dze cellulose dziri pamusoro apa, methyl cellulose nehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose zvine mwero wekuchengetedza mvura wakakwira.
(3) Kuchinja kwetembiricha kunogona kukanganisa zvakanyanya kuchengetwa kwemvura yemethyl cellulose. Kazhinji, tembiricha yakakwira, kuchengetwa kwemvura kwakaipa. Kana tembiricha yemortar ikapfuura 40°C, kuchengetwa kwemvura kwemethyl cellulose kuchaderera zvakanyanya, zvichikanganisa zvikuru kugadzirwa kwemortar.
(4)Methyl celluloseine simba guru pakushanda uye kubatana kwedhaka. "Kunamatira" pano kunoreva simba rekubatana rinonzwika pakati pechishandiso chemushandi nepasi pemadziro, kureva kuti, kuramba kunamatira kwedhaka. Kunamira kwakanyanya, kuramba kunamatira kwedhaka kwakakura, uye simba rinodiwa nevashandi mukushandiswa kwaro rakakurawo, uye mashandiro ekuvaka kwedhaka haana kunaka. Kubatana kwemethyl cellulose kuri padanho repakati muzvigadzirwa zve cellulose ether.
Hydroxypropylmethylcellulose:
Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imhando ye cellulose ine kubuda kwayo uye kushandiswa kwayo kuri kuwedzera nekukurumidza. I non-ionic cellulose mixed ether yakagadzirwa nedonje rakacheneswa mushure mekugadziriswa kwe alkali, ichishandisa propylene oxide ne methyl chloride se etherification agent, kuburikidza nematanho akasiyana-siyana. Dhigirii rekutsiva rinowanzova 1.2 ~ 2.0. Hunhu hwayo hunosiyana zvichienderana nehuwandu hwe methoxyl content kune hydroxypropyl content.
(1) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inonyungudika nyore nyore mumvura inotonhora, uye inosangana nematambudziko pakunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Asi tembiricha yayo ye gelation mumvura inopisa yakakwira zvakanyanya kupfuura yemethyl cellulose. Kunyungudika mumvura inotonhora kwakawedzerawo zvikuru kana tichienzanisa nemethyl cellulose.
(2) Kuwanda kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kwakabatana nehuremu hwayo hwemamorekuru, uye kana huremu hwemamorekuru hwakakura, kuwanda kwehuremu. Tembiricha inokanganisawo kuwanda kwayo, sezvo tembiricha ichiwedzera, kuderera kwehuremu. Zvisinei, simba rehuremu hwayo hwepamusoro netembiricha yakaderera pane yemethyl cellulose. Mhinduro yayo inogara yakagadzikana kana yakachengetwa patembiricha yemumba.
(3) Kuchengetwa kwemvura kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose kunoenderana nehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera, viscosity, nezvimwewo, uye mwero wayo wekuchengetedza mvura pasi pehuwandu hwayo hwekuwedzera hwakakwira kupfuura hwemethyl cellulose.
(4)Hydroxypropyl methylcelluloseYakasimba kusvika kune acid nealkali, uye mvura yayo inogadzikana zvikuru pakati pe pH = 2 ~ 12. Caustic soda nemvura ye lime hazvina zvazvinobatsira pakushanda kwayo, asi alkali inogona kukurumidzisa kunyungudika kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo zvishoma. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose yakasimba kusvika kune common salts, asi kana huwandu hwemunyu hwakakwira, viscosity ye hydroxypropyl methylcellulose solution inowanzo kuwedzera.
(5) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose inogona kusanganiswa nepolymer inonyungudika mumvura kuti igadzire mhinduro yakafanana uye yakakwira ye viscosity. Zvakadai se polyvinyl alcohol, starch ether, vegetable gum, nezvimwewo.
(6) Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ine simba riri nani rekudzivirira ma enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose, uye mhinduro yayo hainyanyi kukanganiswa nema enzymes kupfuura methylcellulose.
(7) Kubatana kwehydroxypropyl methylcellulose mukugadzirwa kwemortar kwakakwirira kupfuura kwemethylcellulose.
Hydroxyethyl cellulose:
Yakagadzirwa nedonje rakanatswa rakarungwa nealkali, uye inosanganiswa ne ethylene oxide se etherification agent kana paine isopropanol. Dhigirii rayo rekutsiva rinowanzova 1.5 ~ 2.0. Ine hydration yakasimba uye iri nyore kunyudza hunyoro.
(1) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora, asi inonetsa kunyungudika mumvura inopisa. Mhinduro yayo inogara yakasimba pakupisa kwakanyanya pasina gelling. Inogona kushandiswa kwenguva yakareba pasi pekupisa kwakanyanya mumortar, asi kuchengetedza kwayo mvura kwakaderera pane kwemethyl cellulose.
(2) Hydroxyethyl cellulose inogara yakasimba kune general acid nealkali, uye alkali inogona kukurumidzisa kunyungudika kwayo uye kuwedzera viscosity yayo zvishoma. Kupararira kwayo mumvura kwakaipa zvishoma pane kwemethyl cellulose nehydroxypropyl methyl cellulose.
(3) Hydroxyethyl cellulose ine simba rakanaka rekudzivirira kudonha kwesimbi, asi simende inononoka kwenguva yakareba.
(4) Kushanda kwehydroxyethyl cellulose inogadzirwa nemamwe mabhizinesi emuno kuri pachena kuti kwakaderera pane kwemethyl cellulose nekuda kwehuwandu hwayo hwemvura yakawanda uye huwandu hwakawanda hwemadota.
(5) Kuora kwemvura yehydroxyethyl cellulose kwakakomba. Pakupisa kweinenge 40°C, kuora kunogona kuitika mukati memazuva matatu kusvika mashanu, izvo zvinokanganisa mashandiro ayo.
Carboxymethyl cellulose:
Lonic cellulose ether inogadzirwa kubva mufiber dzechisikigo (donje, nezvimwewo) mushure mekurapwa nealkali, uchishandisa sodium monochloroacetate se etherification agent, uye uchirapwa kakawanda. Dhigirii rekutsiva rinowanzova 0.4 ~ 1.4, uye mashandiro aro anokanganiswa zvakanyanya nedhigirii rekutsiva.
(1) Carboxymethyl cellulose inonyanya kuchena, uye ine mvura yakawanda kana ikachengetwa mumamiriro ezvinhu akajairwa.
(2) Carboxymethyl cellulose aqueous solution haiburitse gel, uye viscosity inoderera nekuwedzera kwekupisa. Kana tembiricha ikapfuura 50°C, viscosity haidzoreki.
(3) Kugadzikana kwayo kunokanganiswa zvakanyanya ne pH. Kazhinji, inogona kushandiswa mu gypsum-based mortar, asi kwete mu cement-based mortar. Kana yakanyanya alkaline, inorasikirwa ne viscosity.
(4) Kuchengetwa kwayo kwemvura kwakaderera zvikuru pane methyl cellulose. Ine simba rekunonoka pamota yakagadzirwa negypsum uye inoderedza simba rayo. Zvisinei, mutengo wecarboxymethyl cellulose wakaderera zvakanyanya pane wemethyl cellulose.
Cellulose Alkyl Ether:
Zvinomiririra imethyl cellulose ne ethyl cellulose. Mukugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri, methyl chloride kana ethyl chloride inowanzo shandiswa se etherification agent, uye maitiro acho ndeekuti:
Mufomura, R inomiririra CH3 kana C2H5. Kuwanda kwealkali hakungokanganisi chete mwero we etherification, asiwo kunokanganisa kushandiswa kwealkyl halides. Kuwanda kwealkali kwakaderera, ndiko kunowedzera simba re hydrolysis yealkyl halide. Kuti kuderedza kushandiswa kwe etherifying agent, kuwanda kwealkali kunofanira kuwedzerwa. Zvisinei, kana kuwanda kwealkali kwakanyanya, kuzvimba kwe cellulose kunodzikira, izvo zvisingakonzeri etherification reaction, uye mwero we etherification unodzikira. Nechinangwa ichi, lye yakaomeswa kana solid lye inogona kuwedzerwa panguva ye reaction. Reactor inofanira kuva nemudziyo wakanaka wekukurunga nekubvarura kuitira kuti alkali igokwanisa kugoverwa zvakaenzana. Methyl cellulose inoshandiswa zvakanyanya semuchina wekunamira, wekunamira uye wekudzivirira colloid nezvimwewo. Inogona zvakare kushandiswa semuchina wekunamira emulsion polymerization, muchina wekunamira wembeu, muchina wekugadzira machira, muchina wekuwedzera wezvekudya nezvizoro, muchina wekurapa, muchina wekugadzira mishonga, uye unoshandiswa mukupenda kwelatex, inki yekudhinda, kugadzirwa kweceramic, uye kusanganiswa nesimende. Inoshandiswa kudzora nguva yekugadzika uye kuwedzera simba rekutanga, nezvimwewo. Zvigadzirwa zveEthyl cellulose zvine simba guru remakanika, kuchinjika, kuramba kupisa uye kuramba kutonhora. Ethyl cellulose inotsiviwa zvishoma inonyungudika mumvura uye inonyungudutsa alkaline solutions, uye zvigadzirwa zvinotsiviwa zvakanyanya zvinonyungudika muzvinwiwa zvakawanda zveorganic. Inoenderana zvakanaka nemaresini akasiyana-siyana uye mapurasitiki. Inogona kushandiswa kugadzira mapurasitiki, mafirimu, mavarnish, zvinonamira, latex nezvinhu zvekuputira zvemishonga, nezvimwewo. Kuiswa kwemapoka ehydroxyalkyl mu cellulose alkyl ethers kunogona kuwedzera kunyunguduka kwayo, kuderedza kunzwa kwayo pakuiswa munyu, kuwedzera tembiricha yegelation uye kuvandudza hunhu hwekupisa hwakanyunguduka, nezvimwewo. Mwero wekuchinja kwehunhu hwataurwa pamusoro unosiyana zvichienderana nehunhu hwezvinhu zvinotsiva uye chiyero chemapoka ealkyl nehydroxyalkyl.
Cellulose Hydroxyalkyl Ether:
Zvinomiririra ihydroxyethyl cellulose uye hydroxypropyl cellulose. Zvinoshandiswa pakubvisa etherifying iepoxides dzakadai seethylene oxide nepropylene oxide. Shandisa acid kana base se catalyst. Kugadzirwa kwemaindasitiri kunosanganisira kuita alkali cellulose ne etherification agent:hydroxyethyl celluloseine kukosha kukuru kwekutsiva inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora nemumvura inopisa. Hydroxypropyl cellulose ine kukosha kukuru kwekutsiva inonyungudika mumvura inotonhora chete asi kwete mumvura inopisa. Hydroxyethyl cellulose inogona kushandiswa sechinhu chinosimbisa latex coatings, kudhinda machira uye kudhaya, zvinhu zvemapepa saizi, manamatisi uye macolloids anodzivirira. Kushandiswa kwehydroxypropyl cellulose kwakafanana nekwe hydroxyethyl cellulose. Hydroxypropyl cellulose ine kukosha kwakaderera kwekutsiva inogona kushandiswa semubatsiri wemishonga, iyo inogona kuva nehunyanzvi hwekubatanidza uye kupatsanuka.
Carboxymethyl cellulose, chidimbu cheChirungu CMC, chinowanzo kuwanikwa muchimiro chemunyu wesodium. Chinhu chinopa simba imonochloroacetic acid, uye mhinduro yacho ndeiyi inotevera:
Carboxymethyl cellulose ndiyo ether inonyungudika mumvura inoshandiswa zvakanyanya. Kare, yainyanya kushandiswa sedope rekuboorera, asi ikozvino yawedzerwa kuti ishandiswe sekuwedzera sipo, slurry yembatya, pendi yelatex, kuputira kadhibhodhi nepepa, nezvimwewo. Carboxymethyl cellulose yakachena inogona kushandiswa mukudya, mishonga, zvizoro, uye zvakare sechinamira checeramics nemolds.
Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) ionic cellulose ether uye chigadzirwa chepamusoro-soro checarboxymethyl cellulose (CMC). Iupfu kana granule chena, isina kuchena kana yero zvishoma, haina chepfu, haina kunaka, iri nyore kunyungudika mumvura kuti igadzire mhinduro yakajeka ine viscosity yakati, ine kugadzikana kuri nani kwekupisa uye inodzivirira munyu, uye ine hunhu hwakasimba hwekurwisa mabhakitiriya. Haina kuora uye kuora. Ine hunhu hwekuchena kwakanyanya, huwandu hwekuchinjana, uye kugoverwa kwakafanana kwezvinotsiva. Inogona kushandiswa sebinder, thickener, rheology modifier, fluid loss reducer, suspension stabilizer, nezvimwewo. Polyanionic cellulose (PAC) inoshandiswa zvakanyanya mumaindasitiri ese anogona kushandiswa neCMC, izvo zvinogona kuderedza zvakanyanya dosage, kuita kuti ishandiswe nyore, kupa kugadzikana kuri nani uye kusangana nezvinodiwa zvepamusoro zvemaitiro.
Cyanoethyl cellulose imugumisiro we cellulose ne acrylonitrile pasi pe catalysis ye alkali.
Cyanoethyl cellulose ine dielectric constant yakakwira uye low loss coefficient uye inogona kushandiswa se resin matrix ye phosphor uye electroluminescent lamps. Cyanoethyl cellulose isingatsiviwe zvakanyanya inogona kushandiswa se insulating bepa re transformers.
Maetha ane alcohol ane mafuta akawanda, alkenyl ethers, uye aromatic alcohol ethers e cellulose akagadzirwa, asi haasati ashandiswa pakuita basa iri.
Nzira dzekugadzirira cellulose ether dzinogona kukamurwa kuita nzira yemvura, nzira yekunyungudutsa, nzira yekukanya, nzira yekusurukira, nzira yegesi-yakasimba, nzira yechikamu chemvura uye musanganiswa wenzira dziri pamusoro.
5. Musimboti wekugadzirira:
Pulp ine α-cellulose yakawanda inonyoroveswa nealkaline solution kuti izvimbise kuti iparadze hydrogen bonds dzakawanda, iite kuti ma reagents afambe zvakanaka uye igadzire alkali cellulose, uye yobva yaita etherification agent kuti iwane cellulose ether. Etherifying agents dzinosanganisira hydrocarbon halides (kana sulfates), epoxides, uye α ne β unsaturated compounds dzine ma electron acceptors.
6. Kushanda kwekutanga:
Zvisanganiswa zvine basa guru mukuvandudza mashandiro ekuvaka dhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura, uye zvinopa mari inopfuura 40% yemutengo wezvinhu zviri mudhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura. Chikamu chikuru chezvisanganiswa mumusika wemumba chinopihwa nevagadziri vekune dzimwe nyika, uye chiyero chezvigadzirwa chinopihwawo nemutengesi. Nekuda kweizvozvo, mutengo wezvigadzirwa zvedhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura unoramba wakakwira, uye zvakaoma kufadza madhaka ekuvaka nekuisa plaster akawanda uye akasiyana-siyana. Zvigadzirwa zvepamusoro-soro zvinodzorwa nemakambani ekune dzimwe nyika, uye vagadziri vedhaka rakasanganiswa nemvura vane purofiti yakaderera uye mitengo yakaderera; kushandiswa kwezvisanganiswa hakutsvagirwi nenzira yakarongeka uye yakanangana, uye kunotevera nzira dzekune dzimwe nyika pasina kungwarira.
Chinhu chinochengetedza mvura chinhu chakakosha pakuvandudza mashandiro emota yakasanganiswa yakaoma, uye chimwe chezvinhu zvakakosha pakuona mutengo wezvinhu zvakasanganiswa yakaoma. Basa guru re cellulose ether kuchengetedza mvura.
Cellulose ether izwi rekuti zvigadzirwa zvinogadzirwa nekuita kwealkali cellulose uye etherifying agent pasi pemamwe mamiriro. Alkali cellulose inotsiviwa nemaether akasiyana e ether kuti iwane ether dzakasiyana dze cellulose. Zvichienderana nehunhu hwe ionization hwezvinotsiva, ether dze cellulose dzinogona kukamurwa muzvikamu zviviri: ionic (senge carboxymethyl cellulose) uye nonionic (senge methyl cellulose). Zvichienderana nerudzi rwe substituent, ether ye cellulose inogona kukamurwa kuita monoether (senge methyl cellulose) uye mixed ether (senge hydroxypropyl methyl cellulose). Zvichienderana nekunyungudika kwakasiyana, inogona kukamurwa kuita water solubility (senge hydroxyethyl cellulose) uye organic solvent solubility (senge ethyl cellulose). Dry-mixed mortar inonyanya kushandiswa mumvura, uye water-soluble cellulose inokamurwa kuita instant type uye surface-treated delayed-dissolution type.
Maitiro ekuita kwe cellulose ether mudhaka ndeaya anotevera:
(1) Mushure meether ye celluloseMudhaka unonyungudutswa mumvura, kupararira kwakafanana uye kunoshanda kwezvinhu zvinosimbisa mudhaka kunovimbiswa nekuda kwebasa repamusoro, uye cellulose ether, se colloid inodzivirira, "inoputira" zvidimbu zvakasimba uye Rutivi rwefirimu rinozora runoumbwa pamusoro paro wekunze, izvo zvinoita kuti dhaka rigadzikane, uye zvakare inovandudza kuyerera kwedhaka panguva yekusanganisa uye kutsetseka kwekuvaka.
(2) Nekuda kwemaumbirwo ayo emamorekuru, mushonga we cellulose ether unoita kuti hunyoro huri mumota husarasike nyore, uye hunoburitswa zvishoma nezvishoma kwenguva yakareba, zvichiita kuti mota irambe iine mvura uye ishande zvakanaka.
Nguva yekutumira: Kubvumbi-28-2024