Ngokuqhubeka kwemboni kanye nokuthuthukiswa kobuchwepheshe, ngokwethulwa nokuthuthukiswa kwemishini yokufutha ngodaka lwangaphandle, ubuchwepheshe bokufutha nokufaka uplasta ngomshini buthuthukiswe kakhulu ezweni lakithi eminyakeni yamuva nje. Udaka lokufutha ngomshini luhlukile kodaka olujwayelekile, oludinga ukusebenza okuphezulu kokugcina amanzi, ukugeleza okufanele kanye nokusebenza okuthile kokulwa nokuwa. Ngokuvamile, i-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ingezwa kudaka, lapho i-cellulose Ether (HPMC) isetshenziswa kakhulu. Imisebenzi eyinhloko ye-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kudaka yile: ukuqina nokuqinisa, ukulungisa i-rheology, kanye nomthamo omuhle kakhulu wokugcina amanzi. Kodwa-ke, ukushiyeka kwe-HPMC akunakunganakwa. I-HPMC inomphumela wokungenisa umoya, ozobangela amaphutha amaningi angaphakathi futhi unciphise kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini zodaka. I-Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. ifunde ithonya le-HPMC esilinganisweni sokugcinwa kwamanzi, ubuningi, okuqukethwe komoya kanye nezakhiwo zemishini zodaka kusukela kusici se-macroscopic, futhi yafunda ithonya le-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC esakhiweni se-L sodaka kusukela kusici se-microscopic. .
1. Ukuhlolwa
1.1 Izinto zokusetshenziswa
I-samente: itholakala kwezentengiselwano i-P.0 42.5 cement, amandla ayo okugoba kanye nokucindezela angama-28d angama-6.9 kanye nama-48.2 MPa ngokulandelana; isihlabathi: isihlabathi somfula esihle saseChengde, i-mesh engama-40-100; i-cellulose ether: ekhiqizwe yiShandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. I-Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, impuphu emhlophe, i-nominal viscosity engama-40, 100, 150, 200 Pa-s; amanzi: amanzi ompompi ahlanzekile.
1.2 Indlela yokuhlola
Ngokusho kwe-JGJ/T 105-2011 “Imithetho Yokwakha Yokufafaza Nokuplasta Kwemishini”, ukuqina kodaka kungu-80-120 mm, kanti izinga lokugcina amanzi lingaphezu kuka-90%. Kulolu vivinyo, isilinganiso sesihlabathi se-lime sabekwa ku-1:5, ukuqina kwalawulwa ku-(93+2) mm, kanti i-cellulose ether yahlanganiswa ngaphandle, kanti inani lokuxuba lalisekelwe esisindweni sikasimende. Izakhiwo eziyisisekelo zodaka ezifana nobuningi obumanzi, okuqukethwe komoya, ukugcinwa kwamanzi, kanye nokuqina kuhlolwa ngokubhekisela ku-JGJ 70-2009 “Izindlela Zokuhlola Izakhiwo Eziyisisekelo Zokwakha Udaka”, kanti okuqukethwe komoya kuhlolwa futhi kubalwa ngokwendlela yobuningi. Ukulungiswa, ukuhlolwa kwamandla okuguquguquka kanye nokucindezela kwamasampula kwenziwa ngokwe-GB/T 17671-1999 “Izindlela Zokuhlola Amandla Esanti Sodaka Lwesimende (Indlela ye-ISO)”. Ububanzi bezibungu bulinganiswe nge-mercury porosimetry. Imodeli ye-mercury porosimeter yayiyi-AUTOPORE 9500, kanti ububanzi bokulinganisa babuyi-5.5 nm-360 μm. Kwenziwe amasethi amane okuhlolwa. Isilinganiso sesihlabathi nesanti sasiyi-1:5, i-viscosity ye-HPMC yayiyi-100 Pa-s, kanye nomthamo ongu-0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% (izinombolo ziyi-A, B, C, D ngokulandelana).
2. Imiphumela nokuhlaziywa
2.1 Umphumela we-HPMC esilinganisweni sokugcina amanzi kodaka lukasimende
Ukugcinwa kwamanzi kubhekisela ekhonweni le-mortar lokubamba amanzi. Ku-mortar efuthwe ngomshini, ukwengeza i-cellulose ether kungagcina amanzi ngempumelelo, kunciphise izinga lokopha, futhi kuhlangabezane nezidingo zokumanzisa ngokugcwele izinto ezisekelwe kusimende. Umphumela we-HPMC ekugcinweni kwamanzi kwe-mortar.
Ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, izinga lokugcina amanzi kodaka liyanda kancane kancane. Ama-curve e-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether ane-viscosities engu-100, 150 kanye no-200 Pa.s ayafana ngokuyisisekelo. Uma okuqukethwe kungu-0.05%-0.15%, izinga lokugcina amanzi liyanda ngokulandelana, futhi uma okuqukethwe kungu-0.15%, izinga lokugcina amanzi lingaphezu kuka-93%. ; Uma inani lama-grits lidlula u-0.20%, umkhuba okhulayo wezinga lokugcina amanzi uba yi-flat, okubonisa ukuthi inani le-HPMC liseduze nokugcwala. I-curve yethonya yenani le-HPMC ene-viscosity engu-40 Pa.s esilinganisweni sokugcina amanzi cishe iwumugqa oqondile. Uma inani lingaphezu kuka-0.15%, izinga lokugcina amanzi kodaka liphansi kakhulu kunelezinye izinhlobo ezintathu ze-HPMC ene-viscosity efanayo. Ngokuvamile kukholelwa ukuthi indlela yokugcina amanzi ye-cellulose ether yile: iqembu le-hydroxyl ku-molecule ye-cellulose ether kanye ne-athomu ye-oxygen ku-ether bond kuzohlangana ne-molecule yamanzi ukuze kwakheke i-hydrogen bond, ukuze amanzi akhululekile abe amanzi aboshwe, ngaleyo ndlela kudlale umphumela omuhle wokugcina amanzi; Kukholelwa futhi ukuthi ukusabalala phakathi kwama-molecule amanzi kanye nama-cellulose ether molecular chains kuvumela ama-molecule amanzi ukuthi angene ngaphakathi kwama-cellulose ether macromolecular chains futhi abe ngaphansi kwamandla aqinile okubopha, ngaleyo ndlela kuthuthukiswe ukugcinwa kwamanzi kwe-cement slurry. Ukugcinwa kwamanzi okuhle kakhulu kungagcina i-mortar ifana, akulula ukuyihlukanisa, futhi kuthole ukusebenza okuhle kokuxuba, ngenkathi kunciphisa ukuguguleka komshini futhi kwandisa impilo yomshini wokufutha i-mortar.
2.2 Umphumela we-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ekubuneni nasekuqukeni komoya kodaka lwesimende
Uma inani le-HPMC lingu-0-0.20%, ubuningi bodaka buyancipha kakhulu ngokwanda kwenani le-HPMC, kusukela ku-2050 kg/m3 kuya ku-1650kg/m3, okungaphansi ngo-20%; lapho inani le-HPMC lidlula u-0.20%, ubuningi buyancipha. Uma kuqhathaniswa izinhlobo ezine ze-HPMC nobukhulu obuhlukene, lapho ubukhulu bukhuphuka, ubuningi bodaka buyancipha; ama-curve obuningi bodaka nobukhulu obuxubile be-150 kanye ne-200 Pa.s HPMC ngokuyisisekelo ayahlangana, okubonisa ukuthi njengoba ubukhulu be-HPMC buqhubeka nokukhula, ubuningi abusekho.
Umthetho wokushintsha kokuqukethwe komoya kodaka uphambene nokushintsha kobuningi bodaka. Uma okuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kungu-0-0.20%, ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-HPMC, okuqukethwe komoya kodaka kuyanda cishe ngendlela eqondile; okuqukethwe kwe-HPMC kudlula Ngemva kuka-0.20%, okuqukethwe komoya akushintshi neze, okubonisa ukuthi umphumela wokungenisa umoya kodaka useduze nokugcwala. Umphumela wokungenisa umoya we-HPMC one-viscosity engu-150 no-200 Pa.s mkhulu kunowe-HPMC one-viscosity engu-40 no-100 Pa.s.
Umphumela wokungenisa umoya we-cellulose ether unqunywa kakhulu yisakhiwo sayo sama-molecule. I-cellulose ether inamaqembu athanda amanzi (i-hydroxyl, i-ether) kanye namaqembu athanda amanzi (i-methyl, indandatho ye-glucose), futhi iyi-surfactant. , inomsebenzi wobuso, ngaleyo ndlela ibe nomphumela wokungenisa umoya. Ngakolunye uhlangothi, igesi engenisiwe ingasebenza njengebhola elithwala udoti, ithuthukise ukusebenza kahle kodoti, inyuse ivolumu, futhi inyuse umkhiqizo, okuzuzisa umenzi. Kodwa ngakolunye uhlangothi, umphumela wokungenisa umoya ukhulisa okuqukethwe kodoti kanye ne-porosity ngemva kokuqina, okuholela ekwandeni kwama-pores ayingozi futhi kunciphise kakhulu izakhiwo zemishini. Nakuba i-HPMC inomphumela othile wokungenisa umoya, ayikwazi ukuthatha indawo ye-ejenti yokungenisa umoya. Ngaphezu kwalokho, lapho i-HPMC kanye ne-ejenti yokungenisa umoya kusetshenziswa ngesikhathi esifanayo, i-ejenti yokungenisa umoya ingase yehluleke.
2.3 Umphumela we-HPMC ezimpahleni zemishini ze-samente mortar
Uma inani le-HPMC lingu-0.05% kuphela, amandla okuguquguquka kodaka ancipha kakhulu, okungaphansi ngo-25% kunalawo esampula engenalutho ngaphandle kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, futhi amandla okucindezela angafinyelela ku-65% kuphela wesampula engenalutho -80%. Uma inani le-HPMC lidlula u-0.20%, ukwehla kwamandla okuguquguquka kanye namandla okucindezela kodaka akubonakali. I-viscosity ye-HPMC ayinawo umthelela omkhulu ezimpahleni zemishini yodaka. I-HPMC yethula amabhamuza amaningi omoya amancane, futhi umphumela wokungenisa umoya kudaka ukhulisa i-porosity yangaphakathi kanye ne-pores eyingozi yodaka, okuholela ekunciphiseni okukhulu kwamandla okucindezela kanye namandla okuguquguquka. Esinye isizathu sokwehla kwamandla odaka umphumela wokugcina amanzi we-cellulose ether, ogcina amanzi kudaka oluqinile, kanye nesilinganiso esikhulu samanzi-sokubopha kuholela ekunciphiseni kwamandla ebhulokhi yokuhlola. Ngodaka lokwakha ngomshini, yize i-cellulose ether ingakhuphula kakhulu izinga lokugcina amanzi kodaka futhi ithuthukise ukusebenza kwalo, uma umthamo mkhulu kakhulu, uzothinta kakhulu izakhiwo zodaka, ngakho-ke ubudlelwano phakathi kwalokhu okubili kufanele bulinganiswe ngokufanele.
Ngokukhula kokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, isilinganiso sokugoqa se-mortar sibonise ukuthambekela okwandayo, okwakuwubuhlobo obuqondile. Lokhu kungenxa yokuthi i-cellulose ether eyengeziwe iletha inani elikhulu lama-bubble omoya, okubangela amaphutha amaningi ngaphakathi kwe-mortar, futhi amandla okucindezela e-guide rose mortar ancipha kakhulu, yize amandla e-flexural nawo ehla ngezinga elithile; kodwa i-cellulose ether ingathuthukisa ukuguquguquka kwe-mortar, Kuyinzuzo emandleni e-flexural, okwenza izinga lokwehla lehle. Uma ucabangela ngokuphelele, umphumela ohlangene walokhu okubili uholela ekwandeni kwesilinganiso sokugoqa.
2.4 Umphumela we-HPMC kububanzi be-L be-mortar
Kusukela ku-curve yokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wembobo, idatha yokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wembobo kanye nemingcele ehlukahlukene yezibalo zamasampula e-AD, kungabonakala ukuthi i-HPMC inethonya elikhulu esakhiweni sembobo se-samente mortar:
(1) Ngemva kokwengeza i-HPMC, usayizi wembobo yesamente uyanda kakhulu. Eqophelweni lokusatshalaliswa kosayizi wembobo, indawo yesithombe iya kwesokudla, futhi inani lembobo elihambisana nenani eliphakeme liba likhulu. Ngemva kokwengeza i-HPMC, ububanzi bembobo ephakathi yesamente yesamente bukhulu kakhulu kunobesampula engenalutho, futhi ububanzi bembobo ephakathi yesampula enesilinganiso esingu-0.3% bukhuliswa ngama-oda amabili ngobukhulu uma kuqhathaniswa nesampula engenalutho.
(2) Hlukanisa ama-pores kukhonkrithi abe izinhlobo ezine, okungukuthi ama-pores angenangozi (≤20 nm), ama-pores angenangozi (20-100 nm), ama-pores anobungozi (100-200 nm) kanye nama-pores amaningi anobungozi (≥200 nm). Kungabonakala kuThebula 1 ukuthi inani lemigodi engenangozi noma imigodi engenangozi lincishiswa kakhulu ngemva kokufaka i-HPMC, futhi inani lemigodi enobungozi noma imigodi enobungozi liyakhuphuka. Ama-pores angenangozi noma imigodi engenangozi kakhulu yamasampula angaxutshwe ne-HPMC angaba ngu-49.4%. Ngemva kokufaka i-HPMC, ama-pores angenangozi noma imigodi engenangozi kakhulu incishiswa kakhulu. Uma kuthathwa umthamo ongu-0.1% njengesibonelo, ama-pores angenangozi noma imigodi engenangozi kakhulu incishiswa cishe ngo-45% %, inani lemigodi enobungozi elikhulu kune-10um landa cishe izikhathi ezingu-9.
(3) Ububanzi be-pore ephakathi nendawo, ububanzi be-pore obumaphakathi, ivolumu ethile ye-pore kanye nendawo ethile yobuso akulandeli umthetho wokushintsha oqinile kakhulu ngokwanda kokuqukethwe kwe-hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, okungase kuhlobane nokukhethwa kwesampula ekuhlolweni komjovo we-mercury. okuhlobene nokusabalala okukhulu. Kodwa ngokujwayelekile, ububanzi be-pore ephakathi nendawo, ububanzi be-pore obumaphakathi nendawo kanye nevolumu ethile ye-pore yesampula exutshwe ne-HPMC kuvame ukwanda uma kuqhathaniswa nesampula engenalutho, kuyilapho indawo ethile yobuso incipha.
Isikhathi sokuthunyelwe: Ephreli-03-2023