Ndi kupita patsogolo kosalekeza kwa mafakitale ndi kusintha kwa ukadaulo, kudzera mu kuyambitsa ndi kukonza makina opopera a matope akunja, ukadaulo wopopera ndi kupaka pulasitala wapangidwa kwambiri mdziko langa m'zaka zaposachedwa. Mtondo wopopera ndi makina ndi wosiyana ndi matope wamba, womwe umafuna kugwira ntchito bwino kwambiri posunga madzi, kuyenda bwino komanso kugwira ntchito bwino koletsa kugwa. Nthawi zambiri, hydroxypropyl methylcellulose imawonjezeredwa ku matope, omwe cellulose Ether (HPMC) ndiye imagwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri. Ntchito zazikulu za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC mu matope ndi: kukhuthala ndi kukhuthala, kusintha rheology, komanso mphamvu yabwino kwambiri yosungira madzi. Komabe, zofooka za HPMC sizinganyalanyazidwe. HPMC ili ndi mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya, yomwe ingayambitse zolakwika zambiri zamkati ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zamakina za matope. Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. idaphunzira momwe HPMC imakhudzira kuchuluka kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kuchuluka kwa mpweya ndi mphamvu zamakina za matope kuchokera ku macroscopic aspect, ndipo idaphunzira momwe hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC imakhudzira kapangidwe ka L ka matope kuchokera ku microscopic aspect.
1. Mayeso
1.1 Zipangizo zopangira
Simenti: Simenti ya P.0 42.5 yomwe imapezeka pamsika, mphamvu zake zopindika komanso zopondereza za 28d ndi 6.9 ndi 48.2 MPa motsatana; mchenga: Chengde fine river sand, 40-100 mesh; cellulose ether: yopangidwa ndi Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, ufa woyera, nominal viscosity 40, 100, 150, 200 Pa-s; madzi: madzi oyera a pampopi.
1.2 Njira yoyesera
Malinga ndi JGJ/T 105-2011 “Malamulo Omanga a Kupopera ndi Kupaka Mapulasitala”, kukhazikika kwa matope ndi 80-120 mm, ndipo kuchuluka kwa madzi kumapitirira 90%. Mu kuyesera uku, chiŵerengero cha mchenga wa lime chinayikidwa pa 1:5, kukhazikika kunayang'aniridwa pa (93+2) mm, ndipo ether ya cellulose inasakanizidwa kunja, ndipo kuchuluka kwa kusakaniza kunachokera pa simenti. Makhalidwe oyambira a matope monga kuchulukira kwa madzi, kuchuluka kwa mpweya, kusunga madzi, ndi kusinthasintha amayesedwa ponena za JGJ 70-2009 “Njira Zoyesera za Makhalidwe Oyambira a Mtondo Womanga”, ndipo kuchuluka kwa mpweya kumayesedwa ndikuwerengedwa malinga ndi njira yochulukira. Mayeso okonzekera, kusinthasintha ndi kupsinjika kwa zitsanzo adachitika malinga ndi GB/T 17671-1999 “Njira Zoyesera Mphamvu ya Mchenga wa Simenti (Njira ya ISO)”. M'mimba mwake mwa mphutsi munayesedwa ndi mercury porosimetry. Chitsanzo cha mercury porosimeter chinali AUTOPORE 9500, ndipo mulingo woyezera unali 5.5 nm-360 μm. Mayeso onse anayi adachitika. Chiŵerengero cha simenti ndi mchenga chinali 1:5, kukhuthala kwa HPMC kunali 100 Pa-s, ndipo mlingo wake unali 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% (manambala ndi A, B, C, D motsatana).
2. Zotsatira ndi kusanthula
2.1 Zotsatira za HPMC pa kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amasungidwa mu simenti
Kusunga madzi kumatanthauza kuthekera kwa matope kusunga madzi. Mu matope opopera ndi makina, kuwonjezera cellulose ether kumatha kusunga madzi bwino, kuchepetsa kutuluka kwa magazi, ndikukwaniritsa zofunikira za madzi okwanira a zinthu zopangidwa ndi simenti. Zotsatira za HPMC pa kusunga madzi kwa matope.
Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kukukwera, kuchuluka kwa madzi mu matope kumawonjezeka pang'onopang'ono. Ma curve a hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether okhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 100, 150 ndi 200 Pa.s kwenikweni ndi ofanana. Pamene kuchuluka kuli 0.05%-0.15%, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonjezeka molunjika, ndipo pamene kuchuluka kuli 0.15%, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumapitirira 93%.; Pamene kuchuluka kwa grits kukupitirira 0.20%, kuchuluka kwa madzi kumawonjezeka, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti kuchuluka kwa HPMC kuli pafupi ndi kukhuta. Kuchuluka kwa HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 40 Pa.s pa kuchuluka kwa madzi kumakhala pafupifupi mzere wowongoka. Pamene kuchuluka kuli kopitirira 0.15%, kuchuluka kwa madzi mumatope kumakhala kotsika kwambiri kuposa kwa mitundu ina itatu ya HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala komweko. Kawirikawiri amakhulupirira kuti njira yosungira madzi ya cellulose ether ndi iyi: gulu la hydroxyl pa molekyulu ya cellulose ether ndi atomu ya okosijeni pa ether bond zidzagwirizana ndi molekyulu yamadzi kuti zipange chomangira cha hydrogen, kotero kuti madzi omasuka amakhala omangika m'madzi, motero zimagwira ntchito yabwino yosunga madzi; amakhulupiriranso kuti kufalikira pakati pa mamolekyulu amadzi ndi ma cellulose ether molekyulu amalola mamolekyulu amadzi kulowa mkati mwa ma cellulose ether macromolecular chains ndikukhala pansi pa mphamvu zolimba zomangira, motero kumawonjezera kusunga madzi kwa simenti. Kusunga bwino madzi kumatha kusunga matope kukhala ofanana, kosavuta kulekanitsa, ndikupeza magwiridwe antchito abwino osakaniza, pomwe kuchepetsa kuwonongeka kwa makina ndikuwonjezera moyo wa makina opopera matope.
2.2 Zotsatira za hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC pa kuchuluka ndi kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu simenti
Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kuli 0-0.20%, kuchuluka kwa matope kumachepa kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa HPMC, kuchoka pa 2050 kg/m3 kufika pa 1650kg/m3, komwe kuli kotsika ndi 20%; pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kukuposa 0.20%, kuchuluka kumachepa. Poyerekeza mitundu inayi ya HPMC ndi kukhuthala kosiyanasiyana, kukhuthala kwakukulu, kukhuthala kwa matope kumachepa; ma curve a matope ndi kukhuthala kosakanikirana kwa 150 ndi 200 Pa.s HPMC amaphatikizana, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti pamene kukhuthala kwa HPMC kukupitirira kuwonjezeka, Kuchuluka sikuchepanso.
Lamulo losintha la kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu matope ndi losiyana ndi kusintha kwa kuchuluka kwa matope. Pamene kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC kuli 0-0.20%, ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa HPMC, kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu matope kumawonjezeka pafupifupi molunjika; kuchuluka kwa HPMC kumapitirira Pambuyo pa 0.20%, kuchuluka kwa mpweya sikumasintha kwenikweni, zomwe zikusonyeza kuti mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya mu matope ili pafupi ndi kukhuta. Mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya ya HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 150 ndi 200 Pa.s ndi yayikulu kuposa ya HPMC yokhala ndi kukhuthala kwa 40 ndi 100 Pa.s.
Mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya mu cellulose ether imatsimikiziridwa makamaka ndi kapangidwe kake ka mamolekyu. Cellulose ether ili ndi magulu okonda madzi (hydroxyl, ether) ndi magulu okonda madzi (methyl, glucose ring), ndipo ndi surfactant. , imakhala ndi ntchito pamwamba, motero imakhala ndi mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya. Kumbali imodzi, mpweya womwe walowetsedwa ukhoza kugwira ntchito ngati mpira wonyamula mu mortar, kukonza magwiridwe antchito a mortar, kuwonjezera voliyumu, ndikuwonjezera kutulutsa, zomwe zimakhala zothandiza kwa wopanga. Koma kumbali ina, mphamvu yolowetsa mpweya imawonjezera kuchuluka kwa mpweya mu mortar ndi porosity pambuyo pouma, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti ma pores owopsa awonjezereke ndikuchepetsa kwambiri mphamvu zamakanikidwe. Ngakhale HPMC ili ndi mphamvu inayake yolowetsa mpweya, singathe kusintha cholowetsa mpweya. Kuphatikiza apo, pamene HPMC ndi chogwiritsira ntchito mpweya zimagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi imodzi, chogwiritsira ntchito mpweya chingalephereke.
2.3 Zotsatira za HPMC pa mphamvu ya makina a simenti
Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kuli 0.05% yokha, mphamvu ya flexural ya matope imachepa kwambiri, zomwe ndi zotsika ndi 25% kuposa za chitsanzo chopanda kanthu popanda hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, ndipo mphamvu ya compressive ingafikire 65% yokha ya chitsanzo chopanda kanthu -80%. Pamene kuchuluka kwa HPMC kupitirira 0.20%, kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya flexural ndi mphamvu ya compressive ya matope sikuonekeratu. Kukhuthala kwa HPMC sikukhudza kwambiri mphamvu ya makina a matope. HPMC imayambitsa thovu laling'ono la mpweya, ndipo mphamvu ya mpweya pa matope imawonjezera porosity yamkati ndi ma pores owopsa a matope, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya compressive ndi mphamvu ya flexural ichepe kwambiri. Chifukwa china cha kuchepa kwa mphamvu ya matope ndi mphamvu ya cellulose ether yosungira madzi, yomwe imasunga madzi mu matope olimba, ndipo chiŵerengero chachikulu cha madzi-chomangira chimapangitsa kuti mphamvu ya block yoyesera ichepe. Pa matope omangira makina, ngakhale kuti cellulose ether imatha kuonjezera kwambiri kuchuluka kwa madzi omwe amasungidwa mu matope ndikuwonjezera kugwira ntchito kwake, ngati mlingo wake ndi waukulu kwambiri, udzakhudza kwambiri mawonekedwe a matope, kotero ubale pakati pa awiriwa uyenera kuyezedwa moyenera.
Ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, chiŵerengero chopindika cha matope chinawonetsa chizolowezi chowonjezeka, chomwe chinali ubale wolunjika. Izi zili choncho chifukwa chakuti ether yowonjezera ya cellulose imayambitsa kuchuluka kwa thovu la mpweya, zomwe zimayambitsa zolakwika zambiri mkati mwa matope, ndipo mphamvu yokakamiza ya matope otsogolera rose imachepa kwambiri, ngakhale kuti mphamvu yopindika imachepanso pamlingo winawake; koma ether ya cellulose imatha kusintha kusinthasintha kwa matope, Ndi yothandiza ku mphamvu yopindika, zomwe zimapangitsa kuti liwiro lotsika lichepe. Poganizira mokwanira, zotsatira zophatikizana za ziwirizi zimapangitsa kuti chiŵerengero chopindika chiwonjezeke.
2.4 Zotsatira za HPMC pa m'mimba mwake wa L wa matope
Kuchokera ku kakulidwe ka kukula kwa ma pore, deta yogawa kukula kwa ma pore ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana za zitsanzo za AD, zitha kuwoneka kuti HPMC ili ndi mphamvu yayikulu pa kapangidwe ka ma pore a simenti:
(1) Mukawonjezera HPMC, kukula kwa mbole ya simenti kumawonjezeka kwambiri. Pa curve yogawa kukula kwa mbole, dera la chithunzicho limasunthira kumanja, ndipo mtengo wa mbole wofanana ndi mtengo wapamwamba umakhala waukulu. Mukawonjezera HPMC, m'mimba mwake wa mbole ya simenti umakhala waukulu kwambiri kuposa wa chitsanzo chopanda kanthu, ndipo m'mimba mwake wa mbole yapakati ya chitsanzo chokhala ndi mlingo wa 0.3% umawonjezeka ndi ma order awiri a kukula poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo chopanda kanthu.
(2) Gawani ma pores mu konkire m'mitundu inayi, yomwe ndi ma pores osavulaza (≤20 nm), ma pores osavulaza (20-100 nm), ma pores ovulaza (100-200 nm) ndi ma pores ambiri ovulaza (≥200 nm). Zitha kuwoneka kuchokera pa Gome 1 kuti chiwerengero cha mabowo osavulaza kapena mabowo osavulaza kwambiri chimachepetsedwa kwambiri mutawonjezera HPMC, ndipo chiwerengero cha mabowo ovulaza kapena mabowo owopsa kwambiri chimawonjezeka. Ma pores osavulaza kapena ma pores osavulaza kwambiri a zitsanzo zomwe sizinasakanizidwe ndi HPMC ndi pafupifupi 49.4%. Pambuyo powonjezera HPMC, ma pores osavulaza kapena ma pores osavulaza kwambiri amachepetsedwa kwambiri. Potengera mlingo wa 0.1% mwachitsanzo, ma pores osavulaza kapena ma pores osavulaza kwambiri amachepetsedwa ndi pafupifupi 45% %, chiwerengero cha mabowo owopsa okulirapo kuposa 10um chinawonjezeka ndi pafupifupi nthawi 9.
(3) M'mimba mwake wapakati wa pore, m'mimba mwake wapakati wa pore, kuchuluka kwa pore yeniyeni ndi malo enaake a pamwamba sizitsatira lamulo losintha kwambiri ndi kuwonjezeka kwa kuchuluka kwa hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, komwe kungakhale kogwirizana ndi kusankha kwa zitsanzo mu mayeso a jakisoni wa mercury. zokhudzana ndi kufalikira kwakukulu. Koma mwachidule, m'mimba mwake wapakati wa pore, m'mimba mwake wapakati wa pore ndi kuchuluka kwa pore yeniyeni ya chitsanzo chosakanikirana ndi HPMC nthawi zambiri zimawonjezeka poyerekeza ndi chitsanzo chopanda kanthu, pomwe malo enieni a pamwamba amachepa.
Nthawi yotumizira: Epulo-03-2023