Me ka holomua mau o ka ʻoihana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana o ka ʻenehana, ma o ka hoʻolauna ʻana a me ka hoʻomaikaʻi ʻana i nā mīkini pīpī mortar haole, ua hoʻomohala nui ʻia ka ʻenehana pīpī mechanical a me ka plastering ma koʻu ʻāina i nā makahiki i hala iho nei. He ʻokoʻa ka mortar pīpī mechanical mai ka mortar maʻamau, kahi e pono ai ka hana paʻa wai kiʻekiʻe, ka wai kūpono a me kekahi hana anti-sagging. ʻO ka maʻamau, hoʻohui ʻia ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose i ka mortar, ʻo ia ka cellulose Ether (HPMC) ka mea i hoʻohana nui ʻia. ʻO nā hana nui o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC i loko o ka mortar: ka mānoanoa a me ka viscosifying, ka hoʻoponopono ʻana i ka rheology, a me ka hiki ke paʻa wai maikaʻi loa. Eia naʻe, ʻaʻole hiki ke hoʻowahāwahā ʻia nā hemahema o HPMC. Loaʻa iā HPMC kahi hopena ea-entraining, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i nā hemahema kūloko a hoʻemi nui i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar. Ua aʻo ʻo Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. i ka mana o HPMC ma ka helu paʻa wai, ka nui, ka ʻike ea a me nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar mai ka ʻaoʻao macroscopic, a ua aʻo i ka mana o hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ma ke ʻano L o ka mortar mai ka ʻaoʻao microscopic. .
1. Hoʻāʻo
1.1 Nā mea maka
Sima: sima P.0 42.5 i loaʻa ma ke kālepa, ʻo kona ikaika flexural a me ka compressive 28d he 6.9 a me 48.2 MPa; one: one muliwai maikaʻi ʻo Chengde, 40-100 mesh; cellulose ether: i hana ʻia e Shandong Chenbang Fine Chemical Co., Ltd. Hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether, pauka keʻokeʻo, viscosity nominal 40, 100, 150, 200 Pa-s; wai: wai piula maʻemaʻe.
1.2 ʻAno hoʻāʻo
Wahi a JGJ/T 105-2011 "Nā Rula Kūkulu no ka Pīpī ʻana i ka Mechanical a me ka Plastering", ʻo ke kūlike o ka mortar he 80-120 mm, a ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma mua o 90%. Ma kēia hoʻokolohua, ua hoʻonohonoho ʻia ka lakio lime-one ma 1:5, ua kāohi ʻia ke kūlike ma (93+2) mm, a ua hui pū ʻia ka cellulose ether ma waho, a ua hoʻokumu ʻia ka nui o ka hui ʻana ma ka nui o ka sima. Hoʻāʻo ʻia nā waiwai kumu o ka mortar e like me ka nui o ka pulu, ka nui o ka ea, ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai, a me ke kūlike me ka ʻōlelo ʻana iā JGJ 70-2009 "Nā ʻAno Hoʻāʻo no nā ʻAno Kumu o ka Mortar Kūkulu", a ua hoʻāʻo ʻia a helu ʻia ka nui o ka ea e like me ke ʻano o ka nui. Ua hoʻokō ʻia nā hoʻāʻo hoʻomākaukau, flexural a me ka ikaika compressive o nā specimens e like me GB/T 17671-1999 "Nā ʻAno no ka Hoʻāʻo ʻana i ka Ikaika o ke One Mortar Cement (ISO Method)". Ua ana ʻia ke anawaena o nā larvae e ka mercury porosimetry. ʻO ke kumu hoʻohālike o ka mercury porosimeter ʻo AUTOPORE 9500, a ʻo ka laulā ana he 5.5 nm-360 μm. Ua hoʻokō ʻia he 4 mau hoʻāʻo. ʻO ka lakio sima-one he 1:5, ʻo ka mānoanoa o HPMC he 100 Pa-s, a ʻo ka nui o ka lāʻau he 0, 0.1%, 0.2%, 0.3% (ʻo nā helu he A, B, C, D).
2. Nā hopena a me ka loiloi
2.1 Hopena o ka HPMC ma ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka sima sima
ʻO ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai e pili ana i ka hiki o ka mortar ke paʻa i ka wai. I loko o ka mortar i pīpī ʻia e ka mīkini, ʻo ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka cellulose ether hiki ke paʻa pono i ka wai, hōʻemi i ka nui o ke kahe ʻana o ke koko, a hoʻokō i nā koi o ka hydration piha o nā mea sima. Ka hopena o ka HPMC i ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar.
Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka HPMC, piʻi mālie ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar. ʻO nā piʻo o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose ether me nā viscosities o 100, 150 a me 200 Pa.s ua like like. Ke 0.05%-0.15% ka nui, piʻi ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma ke ʻano linear, a i ka 0.15% ka nui, ʻoi aku ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma mua o 93%. ; Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o nā grits ma mua o 0.20%, lilo ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai i palahalaha, e hōʻike ana ua kokoke ka nui o ka HPMC i ka saturation. ʻO ke piʻo mana o ka nui o ka HPMC me ka viscosity o 40 Pa.s ma ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai ma kahi o kahi laina pololei. Ke ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 0.15%, ʻoi aku ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka mortar ma mua o nā ʻano ʻekolu ʻē aʻe o HPMC me ka nui like o ka viscosity. Manaʻo nui ʻia ʻo ke ʻano o ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka cellulose ether: ʻo ka hui hydroxyl ma ka mole cellulose ether a me ka ʻātoma oxygen ma ka pilina ether e hui pū me ka mole wai e hana i kahi pilina hydrogen, i lilo ai ka wai manuahi i wai paʻa, a laila e pāʻani ana i kahi hopena mālama wai maikaʻi; Ua manaʻoʻiʻo ʻia hoʻi ʻo ka interdiffusion ma waena o nā mole wai a me nā kaulahao mole cellulose ether e hiki ai i nā mole wai ke komo i loko o nā kaulahao macromolecular cellulose ether a e kau ʻia i nā mana hoʻopaʻa ikaika, a laila e hoʻomaikaʻi ana i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai o ka slurry sima. Hiki i ka mālama ʻana i ka wai maikaʻi loa ke mālama i ka mortar homogeneous, ʻaʻole maʻalahi ke hoʻokaʻawale, a loaʻa ka hana hui maikaʻi, me ka hōʻemi ʻana i ka ʻaʻahu mechanical a me ka hoʻonui ʻana i ke ola o ka mīkini pīpī mortar.
2.2 Ka hopena o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC ma ka nui a me ka nui o ka ea o ka sima sima
Ke 0-0.20% ka nui o ka HPMC, e emi nui ana ka nui o ka mortar me ka piʻi ʻana o ka nui o ka HPMC, mai 2050 kg/m3 a i kahi o 1650kg/m3, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 20% ka haʻahaʻa; ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka HPMC ma mua o 0.20%, e emi ana ka nui. i ka mālie. Ke hoʻohālikelike nei i nā ʻano 4 o HPMC me nā viscosities like ʻole, ʻo ke kiʻekiʻe o ka viscosity, ʻo ka haʻahaʻa o ka nui o ka mortar; ʻo nā piʻo o ka nui o nā mortar me nā viscosities i hui pū ʻia o 150 a me 200 Pa.s HPMC e pili pono ana, e hōʻike ana i ka hoʻomau ʻana o ka viscosity o HPMC, ʻaʻole e emi hou ka Density.
ʻO ke kānāwai hoʻololi o ka nui o ka ea o ka mortar he kū'ē i ka hoʻololi ʻana o ka nui o ka mortar. Ke 0-0.20% ka nui o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka nui o ka HPMC, piʻi kokoke ka nui o ka ea o ka mortar; ʻoi aku ka nui o ka HPMC ma hope o 0.20%, ʻaneʻane loli iki ka nui o ka ea, e hōʻike ana ua kokoke ka hopena hoʻokomo ea o ka mortar i ka saturation. ʻOi aku ka nui o ka hopena hoʻokomo ea o HPMC me ka viscosity o 150 a me 200 Pa.s ma mua o ka HPMC me ka viscosity o 40 a me 100 Pa.s.
ʻO ka hopena hoʻokomo ea o ka cellulose ether e hoʻoholo nui ʻia e kona ʻano molekala. Loaʻa i ka cellulose ether nā hui hydrophilic (hydroxyl, ether) a me nā hui hydrophobic (methyl, glucose ring), a he surfactant. , he hana ʻili, no laila he hopena hoʻokomo ea. Ma kekahi ʻaoʻao, hiki i ke kinoea i hoʻokomo ʻia ke hana ma ke ʻano he pōpō e hali ana i loko o ka mortar, hoʻomaikaʻi i ka hana hana o ka mortar, hoʻonui i ka nui, a hoʻonui i ka hopena, he mea pono ia no ka mea hana. Akā ma ka ʻaoʻao ʻē aʻe, hoʻonui ka hopena hoʻokomo ea i ka ʻike ea o ka mortar a me ka porosity ma hope o ka paʻakikī ʻana, e hopena ana i ka hoʻonui ʻia o nā pores ʻino a hoʻemi nui i nā waiwai mechanical. ʻOiai he hopena hoʻokomo ea ko HPMC, ʻaʻole hiki iā ia ke pani i ka mea hoʻokomo ea. Eia kekahi, i ka wā e hoʻohana ʻia ai ka HPMC a me ka mea hoʻokomo ea i ka manawa like, hiki i ka mea hoʻokomo ea ke hāʻule.
2.3 Ka hopena o HPMC ma nā waiwai mechanical o ka sima sima
Ke 0.05% wale nō ka nui o ka HPMC, emi nui ka ikaika flexural o ka mortar, ʻo ia hoʻi ma kahi o 25% haʻahaʻa ma mua o ka hāpana hakahaka me ka ʻole o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, a hiki i ka ikaika compressive ke hiki wale i ka 65% o ka hāpana hakahaka -80%. Ke ʻoi aku ka nui o ka HPMC ma mua o 0.20%, ʻaʻole maopopo ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika flexural a me ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar. ʻAʻole nui ka hopena o ka viscosity o HPMC i nā waiwai mechanical o ka mortar. Hoʻolauna ka HPMC i ka nui o nā pehu ea liʻiliʻi, a ʻo ka hopena ea-entraining ma ka mortar e hoʻonui i ka porosity kūloko a me nā pores ʻino o ka mortar, e hopena ana i ka emi nui ʻana o ka ikaika compressive a me ka ikaika flexural. ʻO kekahi kumu no ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika mortar ʻo ia ka hopena paʻa wai o ka cellulose ether, ka mea e mālama ai i ka wai i loko o ka mortar paʻakikī, a ʻo ka nui o ka lakio wai-binder e alakaʻi i ka emi ʻana o ka ikaika o ka poloka hoʻāʻo. No ke kūkulu ʻana i ka mīkini wiliwili, ʻoiai hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻonui nui i ka nui o ka paʻa ʻana o ka wai o ka wiliwili a hoʻomaikaʻi i kona hana, inā nui loa ka nui, e hoʻopilikia nui ia i nā waiwai mechanical o ka wiliwili, no laila e kaupaona pono ʻia ka pilina ma waena o nā mea ʻelua.
Me ka hoʻonui ʻia ʻana o ka nui o ka hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, ua hōʻike ka lakio pelu o ka mortar i kahi ʻano hoʻonui holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ia hoʻi kahi pilina linear. ʻO kēia no ka mea ua hoʻokomo ka cellulose ether i kahi nui o nā pehu ea, kahi e hoʻoulu ai i nā hemahema hou aʻe i loko o ka mortar, a ua emi nui ka ikaika compressive o ka mortar rose alakaʻi, ʻoiai ua emi pū ka ikaika flexural i kekahi ʻano; akā hiki i ka cellulose ether ke hoʻomaikaʻi i ka maʻalahi o ka mortar, He mea maikaʻi ia no ka ikaika flexural, kahi e hoʻolohi ai i ka wikiwiki o ka emi ʻana. Ma ka noʻonoʻo piha ʻana, ʻo ka hopena hui pū ʻana o nā mea ʻelua e alakaʻi ai i ka hoʻonui ʻana i ka lakio pelu.
2.4 Ka hopena o HPMC ma ke anawaena L o ka mortar
Mai ke kiʻikuhi hoʻolaha nui o ka pore, ka ʻikepili hoʻolaha nui o ka pore a me nā ʻano helu like ʻole o nā laʻana AD, hiki ke ʻike ʻia he mana nui ko HPMC i ka hoʻonohonoho pore o ka sima sima:
(1) Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC, piʻi nui ka nui o ka pore o ka sima sima. Ma ke kaʻina hoʻolaha nui o ka pore, neʻe ka ʻāpana o ke kiʻi i ka ʻākau, a lilo ka waiwai pore e pili ana i ka waiwai kiʻekiʻe i mea nui aʻe. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC, ʻoi aku ka nui o ke anawaena pore waena o ka sima sima ma mua o ka laʻana hakahaka, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ke anawaena pore waena o ka laʻana me 0.3% dosage e 2 mau kauoha o ka nui i hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka laʻana hakahaka.
(2) E hoʻokaʻawale i nā lua i loko o ka sima i ʻehā ʻano, ʻo ia hoʻi nā lua ʻino ʻole (≤20 nm), nā lua ʻino ʻole (20-100 nm), nā lua ʻino (100-200 nm) a me nā lua ʻino he nui (≥200 nm). Hiki ke ʻike ʻia mai ka Papa 1 ua emi nui ka nui o nā lua ʻino ʻole a i ʻole nā lua ʻino ʻole ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC, a ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā lua ʻino a i ʻole nā lua ʻino ʻoi aku. ʻO nā lua ʻino ʻole a i ʻole nā lua ʻino ʻole o nā laʻana i hui ʻole ʻia me HPMC ma kahi o 49.4%. Ma hope o ka hoʻohui ʻana i ka HPMC, ua emi nui nā lua ʻino ʻole a i ʻole nā lua ʻino ʻole. Ma ka lawe ʻana i ka dosage o 0.1% ma ke ʻano he laʻana, ua emi nā lua ʻino ʻole a i ʻole nā lua ʻino ʻole ma kahi o 45%. %, ua hoʻonui ʻia ka nui o nā lua ʻino ʻoi aku ka nui ma mua o 10um ma kahi o 9 mau manawa.
(3) ʻAʻole hahai ka anawaena pore waena, ke anawaena pore awelika, ka nui o ka pore kikoʻī a me ka ʻāpana ʻili kikoʻī i kahi lula hoʻololi koʻikoʻi loa me ka hoʻonui ʻana o ka ʻike hydroxypropyl methylcellulose HPMC, kahi e pili ana paha i ke koho ʻana o ka laʻana i ka hoʻāʻo injection mercury. pili i ka hoʻopuehu nui. Akā ma ke ʻano holoʻokoʻa, ʻo ke anawaena pore waena, ke anawaena pore awelika a me ka nui o ka pore kikoʻī o ka laʻana i hui pū ʻia me HPMC e piʻi aʻe ana i ka hoʻohālikelike ʻia me ka laʻana hakahaka, ʻoiai e emi ana ka ʻāpana ʻili kikoʻī.
Ka manawa hoʻouna: ʻApelila-03-2023